MATHEMATICS

With Casio fx 991-ES plus Calculator Techniques

SESSION 5

Engr. Broddett B. Abatayo, GE, REA

CIRCLE
 CIRCLE

k r
h
CIRCLETT’s formula
General Equation:
-C : -D : C²+D²-4AE
2A 2A 4A² Ax² + By² + Cx + Dy + E = 0 ; where A = B
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 35: Given x² + y² - 10x – 10y + 25 = 0. Find the center

a. (5,-4) b. (5,5)
c. (6,-5) d. (4,-5)

Ans. B

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 36: What are the coordinates of the center of the

curve y² + x² - 4y - 2x = 31.

a. (-1,-1) b. (-2,-2)
c. (1,2) d. (2,1)
Ans. C

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 37: Transform into standard equation of the circle of

general equation x² + y² - 2x – 4y - 31 = 0.

a. (x-1)² + (y-2)²=31 b. (x-1)² + (y-2)²=36

c. (x+1)² + (y+2)²=36 d. (x+1)² + (y+2)²=31

Ans. B

-CC²+D²-4AE
:
-D : : C²+D²-4AE
-C
:
-D
2A 4A²2B 2A 4A² 2A
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 38: What is the distance between the centers of the

circles x² + y² + 2x + 4y - 3 = 0 and x² + y² - 8x - 6y + 7 = 0 .

a. 7.07 b. 7.77
c. 8.07 d. 7.87
Ans. A

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 39: The shortest distance from (3,8) to the circle

x² + y² + 4x – 6y = 12 is equal to

a. 2.1 b. 2.3
c. 2.5 d. 2.7

Ans. A

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 40: The center of a circle is at (1,1) and one point on

its circumference is (-1,-3). Find the other end of the diameter
through (-1,-3).

a. (2,4) b. (3,5)
c. (3,6) d. (1,3)

Ans. B
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 41: A circle has its center at (-4,-2) and is tangent to

the line 3x + 4y - 5 = 0. What is the radius of the circle?

a. 4 b. 5
c. 6 d. 7

Ans. B
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 42: What is the radius of a circle with the following

equation x² + y² - 6x - 4y - 12 = 0.

a. 4 b. 7
c. 5 d. 6

Ans. C

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 43: The diameter of a circle described by

9x² + 9y² = 16 is

a. 4/3 b. 16/9
c. 8/3 d. 4

Ans. C

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 44: Determine the equation of the circle whose radius is

5, center on the line x=2 and tangent to the line 3x – 4y + 11 = 0.

a. (x-2)²+(y-2)²=5 b. (x-2)²+(y+2)²=25
c. (x-2)²+(y+2)²=5 d. (x-2)²+(y-2)²=25

Ans. B
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 45: Find the equation of the circle with the center at
(-4,-5) and tangent to the line 2x + 7y - 10 = 0.

a. x²+y²+8x-10y-12=0 b. x²+y²+8x-10y+12=0
c. x²+y²+8x+10y-12=0 d. x²+y²-8x+10y+12=0

Ans. C
 CIRCLE

EXAMPLE 46: Find the value of the k for which the equation
x² + y² + 4x – 2y - k = 0 represents a point circle.

a. 5 b. 6
c. -6 d. -5

Ans. A

-C : -D :
C²+D²-4AE
2A 2B 4A²
PARABOLA
 PARABOLA
Dist. from focus to vertex = a
Latus rectum = 4a
Eccentricity = 1

General Equation:
Ax² + Bx + Cy + D = 0

h k a
PARABOLETT’s formula

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA
Open Upward Open Downward

(x-h)² = 4a(y-k)
a -a
Ax² + Bx + Cy + D = 0

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A

a -a
(y-k)² = 4a(x-h)
Ay² + By + Cx + D = 0
Open to the right Open to the left
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 47: Given the equation of the parabola 2y²+3x-4y+7 = 0.

Locate the vertex

a. (5/3,1) b. (5/3,-1)
c. (-5/3,-1) d. (-5/3,1)

Ans. D

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 48: Find the vertex of the parabola x²+8y-6x+17 = 0.

a. (3,1) b. (-3,-1)
c. (3,-1) d. (-3,1)

Ans. C

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 49: A parabola has its axis parallel to the x-axis,

vertex at (-1,7) and one end of the latus rectum at (-15/4,3/2).
Find its equation.

a. y²-11y-11x-60 = 0 b. y²-11y+14x-60 = 0
c. y²-14y+11x+60 = 0 d. None of the above

Ans. C

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 50: Find the equation of the parabola whose focus

is at (1,0) and vertex is at (2,0).

a. y²+4x-8 = 0 b. y²+2x-8 = 0
c. y²+6x-8 = 0 d. None of the above

Ans. A

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 51: The focus of the parabola y² = 16x is at

a. (4,0) b. (0,4)
c. (0,-4) d. (-4,0)

Ans. A

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 52: What is the equation of the directrix of the

parabola y² + 4x – 4y – 8 = 0

a. x = 3 b. x = 2
c. x = 1 d. x = 4

Ans. D

-B : B²-4AD : -C
2A 4AC 4A
 PARABOLA

EXAMPLE 53: Given the parabola with horizontal axis that

passes through (0,0) , (-8,3) and (4,9).

a. 27x+114y-14y²=0 b. 37x-114y-14y²=0
c. 17x+114y+14y²=0 d. 27x+119y-14y²=0

Ans. A
ELLIPSE
 ELLIPSE

a>b a<b
(Horizontal Ellipse) (Vertical Ellipse)
 Elements of ELLIPSE
y

Latus Latus
rectum rectum
a
b

c
V₁ F₁ C F₂ V₂
a
x
c

a-c
a/e
a/e

directrix directrix
 QUESTIONS ABOUT ELLIPSE

• Distance from focus to the vertex GENERAL EQUATION :

• Distance from focus to the Center Ax²+By²+Cx+Dy+E=0 ; A≠B
• Distance between foci
A and B same sign
• Coordinates of the Center (h,k)
• Coordinates of the Vertex
• Coordinates of the Foci
• Coordinates of the endpoints of the latus rectum
• Length of the Latus Rectum
• Equation of the Directrix
• Eccentricity (e < 1) h k
• Area CIRCLETT’s formula
• Circumference
• Length of Major Axis -C : -D
• Length of Minor Axis 2A 2B
 FORMULA

;e<1

ILLETT’s formula

;A>B
 ELLIPSE

9x²+25y²-225=0

Center:

Semi major a:

Semi minor b:
 ELLIPSE

4x²+9y²+8x-32=0

Center:

Semi major a:

Semi minor b:
 ELLIPSE

x²+4y²-2x-8y+1=0

Center:

Semi major a:

Semi minor b:
 ELLIPSE

6.93

Ans. B
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 55: Given the ellipse x²/64 + y²/16 = 1. Compute the

eccentricity.

a. 0.55 b. 0.79
c. 1.12
0.87 d. 0.98

Ans. C
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 56: Given the ellipse x²/64 + y²/16 = 1. Compute

the length of the latus rectum.

a. 4 b. 5
c. 6 d. 7

Ans. A
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 57: Given the ellipse x²/64 + y²/16 = 1. What is the

equation of the directrix.

a. x = 7.15 b. y = 7.15x
c. x = 7.15y d. x = ± 9.24

Ans. D
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 58: Given the ellipse x²/64 + y²/16 = 1.

Compute the area bounded by the ellipse.

a. 32𝜋 b. 105.35
c. 103.53 d. 130.50

Ans. A
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 59: Given the ellipse x²/64 + y²/16 = 1.

Compute the circumference.

a. 39.47 b. 93.47
c. 74.93 d. 39.74

Ans. D
 ELLIPSE
y

EXAMPLE 60: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²-

150x+128y+81=0. What is the coordinates
of the center.
x
a. (3,-4) b. (-3,4) 3

c. (-4,3) d. (4,-3)
-4 (3,-4)

Ans. A

-C : -D
2A 2B
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 60: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²-

150x+128y+81=0. What is the semi major
and semi minor.
x

a. 5 and 4 b. 4 and 3 5

c. 6 and 2 d. 2 and 5
4
(3,-4)

Ans. A
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 61: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²-

150x+128y+81=0. What is the distance from
focus to the center.
x

a. 1 b. 2 5

3
c. 3 d. 4
4
(3,-4)

Ans. C 3
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 62: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²-

150x+128y+81=0. Compute the eccentricity.

a. 0.67 b. 0.5 x

c. .033 d. 0.6 5 e = c/a

e = 0.6

4
(3,-4)

Ans. D
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 63: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²-

150x+128y+81=0. Compute the length of
the latus rectum.
x
LR = 6.4

a. 5.9 b. 6.4 5

c. 6.2 d. 8.5
(3,-4) 4

Ans. B
LR = 6.4
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 64: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²- y = -4 + 8.33

y = 4.33

150x+128y+81=0. What is the equation of

the directrices. a/e = 8.33

a. y=4.33 & y=-12.33 b. x=3.38 & 4.33 5

e = 0.6

c. y=3.83 & y=4.33 d. x=8.38 & -8.38

(3,-4) 4

Ans. A
a/e = 8.33

y = -4 - 8.33
y = -12.33
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 65: Given the ellipse 25x²+16y²-

150x+128y+81=0. Compute the area
bounded by the ellipse.
x

a. 38.26 b. 26𝜋 5

c. 83.62 d. 20𝜋 4

Ans. D
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 66: Given the ellipse

25x²+16y²-150x+128y+81=0. Compute
the circumference.
x

a. 45.28 b. 82.54 5

c. 28.45 d. 28.54 4

Ans. C
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 67: An ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.65 and has

one of its foci 2 units from the center. The length of the latus
rectum is nearest to

a. 3.5 b. 3.8
c. 4.2 d. 3.2
Ans. A
 ELLIPSE

EXAMPLE 68: An earth satellite has an apogee of 40,000km

and a perigee of 6,600km. Assuming the radius of the earth
as 6,400km, what will be the eccentricity of the elliptical
path described by the satellite with the center of the earth
at one of the foci?

a. 0.46 b. 0.49
c. 0.52 d. 0.56

Ans. D 6600

6400

6400
40,000
HYPERBOLA
 HYPERBOLA

GENERAL EQUATION : Ax²-By²+Cx+Dy+E=0

-y² -x²
(Horizontal Hyperbola) (Vertical Hyperbola)
Ax²-By²+Cx+Dy+E=0 -Ax²+By²+Cx+Dy+E=0
Ax²-By²+Cx+Dy+E=0
-Ax²+By²+Cx+Dy+E=0
HYPERBOLA (center at h,k)
Y

directrices

b c
V₁(h-a,k) V₂(h+a,k)
F₂(h+c,k)
F₁(h-c,k) C(h,k) a

a/e a/e
c-a

Asymptotes (y-k) = ±𝑏/𝑎(x-h)

 QUESTIONS ABOUT HYPERBOLA

• Distance from foci to the vertex (2a) GENERAL EQUATION :

• Distance from foci to the Center (c) Ax²-By²+Cx+Dy+E=0 ; A≠B
• Distance between foci (2c)
A and B not same sign
• Coordinates of the Center (h,k)
• Coordinates of the Vertices
• Coordinates of the Foci
• Coordinates of the endpoints of the latus rectum
• Length of the Latus Rectum h k
• Equation of the Asymtotes
CIRCLETT’s formula
• Eccentricity (e > 1)
• Length of Transverse Axis -C : -D
• Length of Conjugate Axis
2A 2B
 FORMULA

𝒃
;e>1 equation of the asymtote(y-k) = ±𝒂 (x-h)

ILLETT’s formula

+ ;A>B
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 69: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
Locate the coordinates of the center.
a. (0,0) b. (8,6)
Ans. A c. (6,8) d. (-8,6)
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 69: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
Find a and b.
a. 8 and 6 b. 3 and 4
Ans. A c. 2 and 3 d. 4 and 5
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 70: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
Locate the coordinates of the vertices.
a. (0,6) & (0,-6) b. (6,0) & (-6,0)
Ans. D c. (0,8) & (0,-8) d. (8,0) & (-8,0)
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 71: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
Locate the coordinates of the foci.
a. (0,6) & (0,-6) b. (0,10) & (0,-10)
Ans. D c. (6,0) & (-6,0) d. (10,0) & (-10,0)
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 72: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
What is the eccentricity.
a. 3/4 b. 5/6
Ans. C c. 5/4 d. 2/5
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 73: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
What is the length of the latus rectum.
a. 7 b. 9
Ans. B c. 8 d. 6
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 74: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
What is the equation of the directrices.
a. y = ±32/5 b. x = ±32/5
Ans. B c. y = ±5/32 d. x = ±5/32
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 75: Given the hyperbola 36x²-64y² = 2304.
What is the equation of the asymptotes.
a. y = ±3/4x b. x = ±3/4y
Ans. A c. y = ±4/3x d. x = ±4/3y 𝒃
(y-k) = ±𝒂 (x-h)
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 76: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Locate the center.
a. (-2,3) b. (2,3)
Ans. C c. (2,-3) d. (-2,-3)
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 77: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the value of a and b.
a. a=√2 & b=√12 b. a=2 & b=√12
Ans. B
c. a=2 & b=12 d. a=√2 & b=12
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 78: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the transverse axis.
a. 4 b. 3
Ans. A
c. 2 d. 1
 HYPERBOLA

EXAMPLE 79: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.

Find the conjugate axis.
a. 4 b. 4√3
Ans. B
c. 2 d. 2√2
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 80: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the coordinates of the foci.
a. (2,1) & (2,-7) b. (2,1) & (-2,7)
Ans. A
c. (2,-1) & (2,-7) d. (2,-1) & (2,7)
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 81: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the eccentricity.
Ans. D a. 5 b. 3
c. 4 d. 2
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 81: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the length of latus rectum.
a. 10 b. 8
Ans. D
c. 4 d. 12
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 81: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the equation of the directrices.
a. y=-2 & y=-4 b. y=-3 & y=-4
Ans. A c. y=-3 & y=4 d. y=-2 & y=4
 HYPERBOLA
EXAMPLE 81: Given the hyperbola 12y²-4x²+72y+16x+44 = 0.
Find the equation of the asymptotes.
a. y+3=±√3(x-2) b. y+3=±3/√3(x+2)
Ans. A c. y-3=±√3/3(x+2) d. y-3=±3/√3(x+2)

𝒃
(y-k) = ±𝒂 (x-h)