SOCIAL DIMENSIONS

⭐Philosophy - Is defined as the quest for truth based on logical reasoning aside from
the factual observation
⭐Branches of Philosophy:
Metaphysics,
Epistemology,
Axiology and
Logic
⭐Metaphysics - Deals with the nature of being and reality, essence truth, space, time,
causation, essence of God, and the origin and purpose of the universe
⭐Ontology - Deals with the meaning of existence and tries to resolve the question of
whether existence is identical with space, time, nature, spirit or God
⭐Subdivisions of Metaphysics: Cosmology, Teleology, Ontology
Advocates of Skepticism - Pyrrho and Rene Descartes
⭐Agnosticism - Is the doctrine that conclusive knowledge of ultimate reality is an
outright impossibility and claims that it is impossible for man to prove the existence of
God
⭐Epistemology - Study of knowledge
⭐Cosmology - Explains and theorized on the origin and the nature of the universe
including creationism and evolutionism
⭐Agnosticism - Is the doctrine that conclusive knowledge of ultimate reality is an
outright impossibility and claims that it is impossible for man to prove the existence of
God
⭐Posteriori - Advanced the idea that knowledge comes from experience
⭐Priori - Is the reasoning that knowledge comes from pure reason alone, and
knowledge is independent and comes from experience.
⭐Skepticism - Is the doctrine that any true knowledge is impossible and everything
is open for doubt
⭐Subdivisions of Epistemology: Agnosticism, Skepticism, Posteriori, Priori
⭐Teleology - Explains the purpose in the universe
⭐Morality - Means the distinction between right and wrong
⭐Aesthetics - Is fundamentally concerned with beauty and standards or tests of
values
⭐Logic - Is the science and art of correct thinking and correct reasoning
⭐Priori - Is the reasoning that knowledge comes from pure reason alone, and
knowledge is independent and comes from experience.
☯️Different areas of concern of Logic: Induction, Deduction, Syllogism, and Dialect
⭐Induction - Is reasoning that is done through the process of inferring a general law
or principle from the observation of particular instances to a general conclusion
⭐Axiology - Seeks to rationalize the questions like what is value and what are the
values to be desired in living and the likes
⭐Deductions - Is reasoning through a process that is from general principle to
specific included within the scope of that principle
☯️Subdivisions of Axiology: Ethics and Aesthetics
⭐Ethics - Is defined as the art and science that deals with the morality of human acts
⭐Syllogism - Is argumentation in which a conclusion is derived from two
propositions called premises?
⭐Middle term - Is found in two premises and not in the conclusion
 ⭐Act of Man - Is an act that does not proceed from the deliberate free will of man is
sometimes instinctive
⭐Major term - Is the predicate of conclusion found in major premise
⭐Dialect - Is a means of discovering the truth by proceeding from an assertion or
thesis to a denial or antithesis and finally reconciling the two into synthesis
☯️Types of Human Acts: Good, Evil, Indifferent
⭐Minor term - Is the subject of conclusion found in minor premise
⭐Human act - Is an act that proceeds from the deliberate free will of man
⭐Good - Is in harmony with the dictates of right reason
⭐Ignorance - is the absence of intellectual knowledge in man
⭐Evil - Is in opposition to the dictates of reason
⭐Concupiscence - Refers to the bodily appetites or tendencies like love, hatred, joy,
grief, passion, daring, fear and anger
Indifferent - Is when it stands in no positive relation to the dictates.
⭐Fear - Is shrinking back of the mind from danger
☯️Elements of Human Acts: Knowledge, Freedom, and Voluntariness
⭐Violence - Is an external force applied by a free cause, which impairs man’s free
will
⭐Habit - Is born of frequently repeated acts
⭐Law - Is defined as an ordinance or reason promulgated for the common good by
the one who is in charge of the society
☯️Types of Law - According to author, according to duration, according to manner of
promulgation of physical, according to prescription and according to effect of violation
☯️Modifiers of Human Acts: Ignorance, Concupiscence, Fear, Violence, and Habit
⭐Conscience - Is a practical judgment of reason upon which an individual act is
considered good, which is to be performed or evil, which is to be avoided
⭐States of Conscience - Are correct or true certain, erroneous, and doubtful
⭐Values - Are anything that can be desired and something chosen from alternatives
acted upon and enhances creative integration and development of human personality
☯️Properties of Value: Relative, Subjective, Objective, Bipolar, and Hierarchal
⭐Relative - Is the subject to change, good for what and for whom
⭐Bipolar - Is good and bad such as beautiful-ugly
⭐Subjective - Is good for one but not for others
⭐Objective - Has an absolute character
⭐Hierarchal - Is scaled graduation and according to priority