UNIT I: PART OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

Lesson 1 Nouns and Pronouns

Nouns refer to words that are used to name persons, places, animals, things, ideas or events. Nouns
encompass most of the words of a language.

Persons: Jane, Ryan, Juliet, Elmer

Places: New York, Philippines, Paris, England

Animals: horse, cat, dog, bird, fish

Things: book, computer, table, clothes

Ideas: happiness, excitement,

Events: Birthday, Anniversary, Christmas, New Year

Example sentences

The computer is new.

Ryan is at the hospital.

Happiness is a choice.

The couple celebrates their first anniversary.

Pronouns refers to words that replace nouns. This is to avoid keeping nouns in repetition. (eg. I, You,
He, She, We. They, It, them, her, him, us, my, etc.)

Examples
Lea is at the zoo with Lea’s father. Lea really has a great day spending time with Lea’s father.
(Lea and father were repeatedly used).
Lea is at the zoo with her father. She really has a great day spending time with him. (“She”,
“her” replaces Lea, “him” replaces father)
Mr. Smith is a good English teacher. He teaches grammar well. (Here, you don’t have to mention
Mr. Smith again)
My friends and I go to the park. We play basketball together.
The students read the story and the teacher wants them to identify the main ideas as well as the
sub-details.

LET’s PRACTICE

A. Encircle the noun or nouns in each sentence.

1. The dog barks at strangers.

2. My mother prepares snack foods for the visitors.
3. John loves his Lego toys so much, that he keeps on bringing them in school everyday.
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 4. The coaches of each soccer team organize a joint practice.
5. Rey Anderson, a head manager of HR Department conducts an orientation to newly hired
employees.

B. Use the correct pronoun or pronouns.

1. __________is an engineer. (boy) _______sister, too.

2. Their parents bought______ a pet. (boy and girl)
3. ________ like to watch movies on Weekends. (boy and girl)
4. The garden is very wide. ______ has many flowers and plants.
5. Rica has a lot of books. Those are in ____ cabinet.

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Lesson 2 Verbs and Interjections

Verbs are words that indicate action or a state of being on condition.

Examples
I am a teacher. (“am” indicates a state)
Mitch is a girl.
She walks on the street. (“walks” is an action)
Anne cooks food for breakfast.
The chef bought vegetables at the market, yesterday.
She danced gracefully at her brother’s birthday.

Interjection is a kind exclamation inserted into regular speech. It is a brief and abrupt pause in speech
for expressing emotions.

Examples
Wow! You’re amazing.
What? I can’t hear you.
Your, um, shirt has a stain on the back.
I want to, uh, ask you out on a date.
Yes! I really did it.
Nah! We are not going.
Hey! Talk to me for moment.

LET’s DO THIS

Activity 1: Encircle the correct verb.

1. I (is, am) going to the party. My friend Jay (is, am) going too.
2. They (is, are) an international student. She (is, are) one of the delegates.
3. Their principal (announces, announce) the special event for tomorrow. Students must (wears,
wear) their school uniform for the said event.
4. Yesterday, Ben (sang, sung) a good song for the competition. He (win, won) a medal.
5. Housekeepers (clean, cleaned) the guest room, last Monday. The visitors (are, were) very
happy for the good services.

Activity 2: Write your reactions to the given scenarios using interjection.

1. You saw beautiful beaches and other sea waters.
2. He says something but you don’t understand what he’s saying.
3. Your mom is calling your attention to listen to her speech.
4. She believes that she could perfect the test.
5. The house is burning.

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Lesson 3 Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They may come before the word they
describe, or they may follow the word they describe.

Examples
Incorrect: This is a dress pretty.
Correct: This is a pretty dress.
Correct: The dress is pretty.
(The word “pretty” is the adjective of the noun “dress”)

I am hungry so I buy food to eat.

He has a fast car.
The dangerous man approaches the young lady.
I have 20 bucks in my wallet.
They have three dogs in their house.
Contemporary writers published new revised books.
Korean foods are spicy.

Adjectives also don’t take a plural form. They’re always singular. The only time an adjective change
is in the comparative and superlative forms.

Examples
He is better than any other boy in my class.
Pear is sweeter than apple.
John is the tallest among his brothers.
It is more fun to watch movies than to watch television.

Adverbs are words that modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. A word is an adverb if it is answer
how much, how, when or where?

Examples
He walked slowly to the door.
She finished the test quickly.
He drives very fast.
He works hard.
You did a good job.
She did a job well.

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 LET’S ANSWER

Activity 1. Identify if the underlined word is an adjective or an adverb.

1. She came early today.
2. She is an early riser.
3. He runs slowly.
4. He is a slow runner.
5. These machines are well made.

Activity 2. Rewrite the sentence in a comparative or superlative form of adjective.

1. Elizabeth is a good student than her older sister.

_______________________________________________________________.

2. Titanic is the tragic movie I have ever watched.

_______________________________________________________________.

3. Robots are intelligent than human.

_______________________________________________________________.

4. He is the good boy among his male relatives.

_______________________________________________________________.

5. Tenure employees are secured than those newly hired.

______________________________________________________________.

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Lesson 3 Prepositions and Conjunctions

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REVIEW TEST (LESSON 1-4)

Exercise 1. Identify what part of speech was being used in the sentence.
____________1..Confucius is a great philosopher.
____________2. The mole dug a big hole on the ground.
____________3. Swimming is the best exercise for me.
____________4. Children play in the field.
____________5. Alex went to Japan for his training.
____________6. She lost job because her tardiness.
____________7. They are painting the car.
____________8. She left her cellphone on the desk.
____________9. The boy always gets up late.
____________10. My notebooks are new.
____________11. She tied her pretty hair.
____________12. Hey! Please don’t block the drive way.
____________13. Josh is physically present but mentally absent.
____________14 .Oops!, I’m sorry, I didn’t mean it.
____________15. Asia suffered economic crisis in 1990’s.

Exercise 2. Identify the correct verb.

1.

Exercise 3. Underline the correct modifier (adjectives, adverbs) to complete the sentence.
1. Sarah is a very (good, well) sister. She always treats us (good, well).
She always
2. You must exercise (regular, regularly) and maintain a (regular, regularly) check-up from
your family doctor.
3. The computer’s applications were (good, well). It worked (perfect, perfectly) on my
computer.
4. He answered the questions (careful, carefully). He was very (careful, carefully) test-taker.
5. She is a (beautiful, beautifully) pianist. She plays the piano (beautiful, beautifully).
6. Alexander did not pass the course as (easy, easily) he thought he would.
7. I (certain, certainty) had an interesting life. I experienced (certain, certainty) situations that
were difficult to handle.
8. The buildings are (high, highly) made up of cements.
9.

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