Marinduque State College: School of Engineering

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE Page
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 1
Classification of pumps
Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means of
the transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called impellers.
Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is cast out by centrifugal
force along its circumference through the impeller’s vane tips. The action of the
impeller increases the fluid’s velocity and pressure and also directs it towards the
pump outlet. The pump casing is specially designed to constrict the fluid from the
pump inlet, direct it into the impeller and then slow and control the fluid before
discharge.(Smith 2019)
Figure 1. Centrifugal Pump
Source:https://www.michael-smith-engineers.co.uk
VISION: “Marinduque State College is a research-driven higher education institution pursuing excellence and innovation by 2025”.
MISSION: “Marinduque State College is committed to pursue progressive and innovative lifelong education founded on humanistic,
professional and technologically advanced across cultures and communities by establishing centers of excellence and
development and research-driven outreach programs ”.
Positive Displacement Pumps
A positive displacement pumps is a machine where chambers fill (suction) and
empty (discharge) each cycle of operation. This type of pump delivers a near constant
flow rate regardless of the system pressure. When using a positive displacement
pump care needs to be taken to ensure the flow is not restricted causing pressures in
excess of the pump or system design and/or power requirements in excess of the
design. (engineeringinsider,2019)
Figure.2 Positive Displacement Pump
Source:https://www.fraingroup.com
Types of positive displacement pump
Rotary Pumps
Rotary Pumps have working members which move in rotary or both
reciprocating and rotary motions to displace a liquid. This displacement is because of
the periodic changes in the volume of cylinders and chambers filled by the liquid. The
pumps are used for pumping oils and various other heavy viscous liquids. They are
preferred for large torque values and
low rational speeds.(Petropedia
2019)
Figure 3. Rotary pump
Source:https://perteobiopat.tk
oves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume using interlocking cogs or
gears, transferring it mechanically using a cyclic pumping action. It delivers a smooth
pulse-free flow proportional to the rotational speed of its gears.Gear pumps use the
actions of rotating cogs or gears to transfer fluids. The rotating element develops a
liquid seal with the pump casing and creates suction at the pump inlet. Fluid, drawn
into the pump, is enclosed within the cavities of its rotating gears and transferred to
the discharge. There are two basic designs of gear pump: external and internal.(Smith
2019)
Figure 4. Gear pump
Source:https://www.michael-smith-engineers.co.uk
Screw pump
A screw pump is a subset of positive displacement pump that use one or more
than one screw; to perform pump action along its spindle axis. The complete
assembly consists of two main parts; the driving motor ( prime mover ) and the pump
assembly. The motor provides the necessary rotary motion to the pump drive screw
coupled to its shaft; which combined with low clearance in between screw create
suction pressure.(Amit Abhishek 2018)
Figure 5. Screw pump
Source:https://empoweringpumps.com
Reciprocating pump
The reciprocating pump is a device which converts the mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy by sucking the liquid into a cylinder in which a piston is reciprocating,
which exerts thrust on the liquid and increase its hydraulic energy the pump is known
as a reciprocating pump.(Saif
Mulla 2011)
Figure 6. Reciprocating pump
Source:https://mechanical-engg.com
Diaphragm Pump
A diaphragm pump is a positive displacement pump that uses a combination of
reciprocating action and either a flapper valve or a ball valve to transfer liquids. This
pump is sometimes referred to as a membrane pump. Diaphragm pumps are self
priming and are ideal for viscous liquids. Most models are available in electric, engine,
manual, air operated or hydraulic configurations.(Wastecorp 2019)
Figure 7. Diaphragm pump

Source:https://www.tacmina.com
Piston pumps and Plunger pump
Piston pumps and plunger pumps are reciprocating positive displacement
pumps that use a plunger or piston to move media through a cylindrical chamber.
They are also called well service pumps, high pressure pumps, or high viscosity pumps
because they can deliver high pump pressures and are capable of handling both
viscous and solids containing media.(IEEEGlobalSpec,2019)
Figure 8. Piston pumps and Plunger pump
Source:https://www.pumpworld.com
Peripheral water pump
Peripheral water pumps, also known as regenerative or turbine pumps have a
similar appearance to a centrifugal pump. The internals are different in the way they
are capable of developing high discharge heads at low flow rates. The fluid in a
peripheral pump is pumped into a peripheral channel (around the edge of the casing).
Unlike standard centrifugal pumps, the curves do not flatten as the fluid flow
decreases. To summarise the fluid moves along the circumference for the inlet to the
outlet of the casing with increasing pressure.The application for peripheral pumps
require careful evaluation of the maximum pressures which can be developed at zero
flow condition.(Harvey 2016)
Figure 9. Peripheral pump

Source:http://www.fueldump.co.uk
Power: Net head is proportional to the power actually delivered to the fluid, called output
power (Pout) or the water horsepower (measured in horsepower or hp). This is the
horsepower rating which describes the useful work the pump will do to the fluid. It can be
calculated by the equation:
Pout = ṁ gH = ρgQH
where: ρ is fluid density g is the acceleration due to gravity Q is the volumetric flow rate H is
the pump head ṁ is the mass flow rate(engineering360,2019)
Pump efficiency (ηpump) defines the percentage of energy supplied to the pump that is
converted into useful work. It is the ratio between the water horsepower and brake
horsepower (useful power vs. required power):
ηpump = Pout/Pin
The efficiency rating of the pump given by the manufacturer assumes certain system
conditions such as the type of fluid transported
Flow rate of a liquid is a measure of the volume of liquid that moves in a certain amount of
time. The flow rate depends on the area of the pipe or channel that the liquid is moving
through, and the velocity of the liquid(Khanacademy,2019)
Q = Av
Q = liquid flow rate (m3/s or L/s)
A = area of the pipe or channel (m2)
v = velocity of the liquid
(m/

Marinduque State College: School of Engineering

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Marinduque State College: School of Engineering

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE Page

Centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means of

Figure 1. Centrifugal Pump

Positive Displacement Pumps

A positive displacement pumps is a machine where chambers fill (suction) and

Figure.2 Positive Displacement Pump

Types of positive displacement pump

Rotary Pumps have working members which move in rotary or both

reciprocating and rotary motions to displace a liquid. This displacement is because of

preferred for large torque values and

low rational speeds.(Petropedia

Figure 3. Rotary pump

oves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume using interlocking cogs or

gears, transferring it mechanically using a cyclic pumping action. It delivers a smooth

Figure 4. Gear pump

suction pressure.(Amit Abhishek 2018)

Figure 5. Screw pump

Figure 6. Reciprocating pump

A diaphragm pump is a positive displacement pump that uses a combination of

pump is sometimes referred to as a membrane pump. Diaphragm pumps are self

manual, air operated or hydraulic configurations.(Wastecorp 2019)

Figure 7. Diaphragm pump

Piston pumps and Plunger pump

Piston pumps and plunger pumps are reciprocating positive displacement

viscous and solids containing media.(IEEEGlobalSpec,2019)

Figure 8. Piston pumps and Plunger pump

Peripheral water pump

Peripheral water pumps, also known as regenerative or turbine pumps have a

flow condition.(Harvey 2016)

Figure 9. Peripheral pump

calculated by the equation:

the pump head ṁ is the mass flow rate(engineering360,2019)

horsepower (useful power vs. required power):

conditions such as the type of fluid transported

through, and the velocity of the liquid(Khanacademy,2019)

Q = liquid flow rate (m3/s or L/s)

A = area of the pipe or channel (m2)

v = velocity of the liquid

Вам также может понравиться