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EXPERIMENT : 2
TOPIC : WATER OF HYDRATION
DATE : 03/10/2014
WATER OF HYDRATION
OBJECTIVE
THEORY
In this experiment, the amount of water in the hydrated compound will determined qualitative
and quantatively. In the qualitative part, the behaviour of a hydrate will be observed when the
sample is heated. Meanwhile, in the quantitative part, amount of water driven off can be
determined by heating the sample to constant weight. From, the amount of mass lost, the
percebtage of water in the sample can be determined. This information will be used to
calculate the formula of the hydrate.
METHODOLOGY
1. A clean and dry test tube is obtained and the test tube is held with a clamp with its
mouth is 15-20 degrees above the horizontal. The mouth of the test tube is pointed
away from people.
2. A scoop of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate is placed in the test tube. The bottom
of the test tube is heat gently to avoid spattering. Changes is observed and
recorded in DATASHEET 2.
3. The test tube and its content is allowed to cool to room temperature.
4. A few drops of water is added into the test tube. Observation is recorded.
DATA / RESULLT
QUESTION
Mass of H O
2
Percentage of H2 O = Mass of hydrted compound × 100 %
0.5701g
= × 100 %
1.0909g
= 52.26%
3. Formula of hydrate
NiCl2 H2 O
Molar mass (g/mole) 58.71 + 2 (35.45) 2(1.00) +16.00
= 129.61 = 18.00
No of mole 1.0909g 0.5701g
129.61 g/mole 18.00 g/mole
= 8.4168 × 10−3mole = 31.67 × 10−3mole
There are several errors done when conducting the experiment. Some of the error are
touching the the crucible and its cover with bare hands. This will add moisture to the crucible
and cover. Next, the crucible containing compounds are not completely cooled down when
weighed. This will affect the mass of the compound as the mass of the compound is not
accurate when it was taken during the crucible is hot. Moreover, when heating copper (II)
sulphate pentahydrate, the test tube is set up as the test tube mouth is in the way of there is
people. This will hurt people who are in front of the test tube mouth when the experiment is
conducted.
There are precaution steps that need to be taken so that errors can be avoided when
experiment is conducted. Wear gloves when you want to touch the crucible or its cover. Next,
wait until the crucible is completely cooled down before weighing it. In addition, set up the
apparatus as the test tube is slightly slanted and its mouth is pointed away from people.
CONCLUSION
The colour of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate turns from blue to white when it is
heated.The percentage of water in NiCl2 . 3H2 O is 0.78%.
REFFERENCE
Exploring Chemistry Laboratory Experiments for General Chemistry, Sharipah Ruzaini Syed
Aris, Kamariah Muda, Nesamalar Kantasamy,2010,University Publication Cetre (UPENA).