“COLLEGE BUS TRACKING SYSTEM”

A Mini Project Report Submitted to

JNTU Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Computer Science & Engineering
By

B. AKHIL KUMAR : (16TK1A0511)

B. SRAVYA : (16TK1A0508)

G. HARINI : (16TK1A0529)

Under the Guidance of

Md. AMJAD PASHA
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &ENGINEERING

SVS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NBA, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
BHEEMARAM(V), HASANPARTHY(M),WARANGAL URBAN (Dt). T.S. India -506015
Ph: 0870-2453900
www.svsit.ac.in
(2015-2017)
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
SVS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NBA, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
BHEEMARAM(V), HASANPARTHY(M),WARANGAL URBAN (Dt). T.S. India -506015
Ph: 0870-2453900,www.svsit.ac.in

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “COLLEGE BUS

TRACKING SYSTEM” submitted by B. AKHILKUMAR(16TK1A0511) , B. SRAVYA
(16TK1A0508) ,G. HARINI(16TK1A0529) student of B.Tech in the Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, during the period 2016-2020 in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science &
Engineering from JNTU, Hyderabad.

Md.AMJAD PASHA Dr.T.AMITHA

Assistant Professor Professor & HOD
Department of CSE Department of CSE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this project work gives me an opportunity to convey my gratitude to

all those who helped me to complete the project successfully.
First, I gratefully acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to Almighty for spiritual
Guidance blessings shown to complete the project. I thank my parents for unconditional
support to improve myself throughout my life.
My sincere thanks to Dr. E.THIRUMAL RAO, Chairman, SVS Group of
Institutions, for providing this opportunity to carry out the Project in the institution.
I owe my respectable thanks to Dr. RAGHU BALRAJ, Principal of SVS Group of
Institutions, for providing all necessary facilities and encouraging words for completion of
this project.
My sincere thanks to Prof. A.K. RATHOD, Vice-Principal, SVS Group of
Institutions, for encouraging and supporting for completion of this project.
I gratefully acknowledge Dr. T. AMITHA, Professor, Head of the Department, Computer
Science and Engineering, for his encouragement and advice during the this project work.
My sincere thanks to Mr. TIRUPATHI REDDY, Project Coordinator, SVS Group
of Institutions, for continuous support for doing this project
My sincere thanks to Mr.AMJAD PASHA Assistant Professor, Guide SVS Group
of Institutions, for continuous support for doing this project.
I would like to express my thanks to all the faculty members of Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, and Non-teaching staff of SVS Group of Institutions who
have rendered valuable help in making this project successful.

BORAGALA AKHILKUMAR (16TK1A0511)

BHEEMANADHUNI SRAVYA (16TK1A0508)
GANNU HARINI (16TK1A0529)
 LIST OF CONTENT

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

LIST OF FIGURES i

ABSTRACT ii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4

2.1 Module Description 6

3 LITERATURE SURVEY 7

4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS 10

4.1 Hardware Requirements 11

4.2 Software Requirements 11

5 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 13

5.1 Existing System 14

 5.2 Proposed System 16

6 SYSTEM DESIGN 17

6.1 System Architecture 19

6.2 UML diagrams 20
6.3 Data flow diagram 21

7 DATABASE DESIGN 24

7.1 Database technology 25

8 TESTING 26

9 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 29

8.1 Software environment 30

8.2 Sample code 32
8.3 Screen shots 35

10 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 36

11 REFERENCES 37
 LIST OF FIGURES

S NO NAME PAGE NO

1 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE 3

2 WORKING OF COMPONENTS 5

3 ANDROID ARCHITECTURE 14

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM 18

5 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 20

6 FLOW CHART 31
 ABSTRACT

The modern world is guided by the change in the technology day by day. Mostly the relevant

changes in technologies are enhancing the modern business techniques. Different

technologies have been developed in the world for making people’s life easier and better day

by day. Android is the latest and a rapid growing technology available for all the users or

users in today’s market. An enormous increase in the end user acceptance has been

experienced in the past few years. The project is based on the latest GPS technology which

enables college management team a better way to keep eye on the activity of the college

buses and manage schedule as well as provide real time bus location for the students using

bus service. This paper proposes an Android mobile phone application that gives information

about buses, bus numbers as well as bus routes/stops online. The proposed system is

completely integrated online bus tracking systems using database. It provides the facility of

tracking the particular college bus’s location in the google map. They can also view the bus

details such as bus schedule along with the arrival time.

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The present generation requires the information time to time. The use of technology
have been increasing day by day. So we are planning for the combination of present
technology with the requirement of information transmission, we planned for the
creative approach of “Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM”.
To overcome the drawbacks of the previous methods of paper based
and we introduce a project to track a vehicle using GPS and GSM. This Vehicle
Tracking System can also be used for Accident Detection Alert System, Soldier
Tracking System and many more, by just making few changes in hardware and
software and widely in tracking Cabs/Taxis, stolen vehicles, school/colleges buses
etc.
There are buses made available for passengers travelling distances, but not
many passengers have complete information about these buses. Complete
information namely the number of buses that go to the required destination, bus
numbers, bus timings, the routes through which the bus would pass, time taken for
the bus to reach, maps that would guide the passenger with his/her route and most
poly a the current location of the bus and give the correct time for the bus to reach its
bus stop. The proposed system deals with overcoming the problems stated above the
users.
Android is an open source mobile software environment. Brought up by
Google, the operating system has been made Linux based and uses Java programming
language. It has a virtual machine that is used to optimize memory usage as well as
resources. This application has been developed using IDE (Android Studio 1.6) with
ADT (Android Development Tools) and Android SDK (Software Development Kit).
There are a number of need to be satisfied.

1
1.1 Purpose

The main goal of the proposed work is to improve the bus system by adding the
necessary additional features into the application like accurate bus timings, correct
bus end moreover adding a GPS tracker in it This study accepts input in the form of
selection of the source and destination and selection of the bus travelling the distance
to display the entire details about the routes and also track the location of the
respective bus and give the map for the same
The last two decades have seen growing interest in the development of Android based
platform. Our review of this area shows that there have been only few approaches
that provide automated tools for the functioning of the application

Software Development Life Cycle

The System Development Life Cycle framework provides system designers

and developers to follow a sequence of activities. It consists of a set of steps or
phases in which cach phase Of the SDLC uses the results of the previous one. A
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adheres to important phases that are
essential for developers, such as planning, analysis, designs and implementation and
are explained

in the section below. A number of system development life cycle (SDLC) models
have been created: waterfall, fountain and spiral build and fix. rapid prototyping,
incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. The oldest of these, and the best known is
the waterfall model: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes
the input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different
ways, including the followinG

2
  Project planning, feasibility study: Establishes a high-level view of the dead
project and determines its goals.
 Systems analysis, requirements definition: Refines project goals into defined
functions and operation of the intended application. Analysis end-user
information needs.
 Systems design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including
screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code and other
documentation
 Implementation: The real code is written here.
 Integration and testing: Brings all the pices together into a special testing
environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability
 Acceptance, installation, deployment: The final stage of initial development,
where the software is put into production and runs actual business.

fig:- SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

3
 CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

IMPLEMENTATION

Project is designed in four parts where each part is responsible for different aspects.
Essentially, main activity handles instantiate methods and pre-configured process for
Location Manager dass such as manage the previous location, current location,
distance between two location and status check whether GPS is on or off. It also
consists standard Android methods eg onPause(). onResume) and onDestroy.
Particularly and on KeyDown function manage post-configuration process in orda to
set the device for regular use. Killing services and setting speaker o again can be
named as these

2.1 Overview

Location based bus tracking system server should be auto start on installation or boot
up. Then it can find current latitude and longitude values with previous latitude and
longitude values, and store it to server database. Database use to manage the database
of the application, then user will check for the bus and gets information from
database for that
particular location then application will behave according to user interface
application will simply allow user to add, delete, and update the database.

4
 Fig:-LBS COMPONENT

Using this application

 The passengers can easily select bus route number and their pfm the list of bus
route numbers and know where the bus is and how long will it take to reach
their stop.
 They can also know the exact location of the bus on the Google Map which
provides them a better idea on the where abouts of the bus.
 The list of bus routes and their corresponding stops can be managed using the
website which shapes the admin a better hold on the application.

5
  This application helps the students and staff to track their buses and also
college authorities to manage efficient

2.3 MODULE DESCRIPTION:

i. REGSISTRATION
ii. BUS TRACKING MODULE
iii. ROUTE FINDING MODULE

2.3.1 REGISTRATION

This module is provided for the user to register themselves with details such as name,
password, confirm password, email id, mobile number as shown in the figure 2 and
use the application for tracking the college bus. The registered users can login
with their user name and password once they are registered.

2.3.2 BUS TRACKING MODULE

In this module when the bus route is selected the appropriate bus is found using the IP
address of that particular bus. Then the location of the bus is tracked using its latitude
and longitude. Corresponding to the bus movement the change in latitude and
longitude are updated in the database for every minute.

2.3.3 ROUTE FINDING MODULE

In this module the updated latitude and longitude value in the database is used to find
the exact location of the bus using The bus source and destination, user, bus are
displayed in the Google map with different colors to distinctly identify them.

6
 CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Design of Bus Tracking and Fuel Monitoring System

AUTHOR :- Akshaya. M, Jayashree. S, Lathika Kumari. K,
Department of Information Technology.

The need for efficient public transportation system such as buses is rapidly
increased due to the increasing in population, the students need to predict the arrival
time of the bus and then plan their journey from their home. Fuel monitoring have
been the major problem that most of bus companies looking to solve. Due to the rapid
advancement in technology it had been designed and implemented almost in every
vehicle nowadays. This system develops a bus tracking and monitoring the fuel to
provide a facility for the management requirements by the administrator. This system
based on Arduino, GSM/GPS by which we can predict arrival time in addition to
graphically showing the bus location on Google map. The use of the fuel sensor in
this system is to monitor the fuel level.

3.2 GPS BASED TRACKING SYSTEM

AUTHOR:- Leeza Singla , Parteek Bhatia
International Conference on Computer.

In this fast life, everyone is in hurry to reach their destinations. In this case
waiting for the buses is not reliable. People who rely on the public transport their
major concern is to know the real time location of the bus for which they are waiting
for and the time it will take to reach their bus stop. This information helps people in
making better travelling decisions. This paper gives the major challenges in the

7
public transport system and discuses various approaches to intelligently manage it.
Current position of the bus is acquired by integrating GPS device on the bus and
coordinates of the bus are sent by either GPRS service provided by GSM networks or
SMS or RFID. GPS device is enabled on the tracking device and this information is
sent to centralized control unit or directly at the bus stops using RF receivers. This
system is further integrated with the historical average speeds of each segment. This
is done to improve the accuracy by including the factors like volume of traffic,
crossings in each segment, day and time of day. People can track information using
LEDs at bus stops, SMS, web application or Android application. GPS coordinates of
the bus when sent to the centralized server where various arrival time estimation
algorithms are applied using historical speed patterns.

3.3 COLLEGE BUS TRACKING SYSTEM (TRAVELINE)

AUTHOR:- DR B.M VIDYAVATHI, HUMAIRA SULTANA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.

In a world filled with busy schedules it becomes almost certain that a person is
not able to keep up with his commitments on time due to a number of reasons. One of
the main reasons being the inability to commute on time, i.e. we might be late to
catch the vehicle or the vehicle might be delayed due to traffic, roadblock or a
breakdown. Due to this very reason a lot of work is left unfinished and considerable
amount of valuable time is lost. In this work we address this very problem which is
quite prominent in institution, due to which a lot of teachers and students are unable
to arrive in time and proceed with their classes. This prompted us to come up with an
application that allows us to track all of the busses in institution, providing an
alternate bus, along with the shortest route from the user to the bus and also
informing the student or faculty when the bus is missed.

8
3. 4 DESIGN OF ANDROID MOBILE BASED BUS TRACKING SYSTEM
AUTHOR:- K SUJATHA P V NAGESWARA RAO K J SRUTHI
2014 First International Conference on Networks & Soft Computing

Tracking of organization buses while moving on highway is a crucial task. A

person patiently waiting for the bus may want to enquire about the position of current
location of the bus. Phone discussion is not always possible due to traffic
disturbances. Further it involves variant costs due to the calls and message service
over phone and the person in the bus may get annoyed if he gets multiple calls from
people boarding that bus. Mobile based Bus Tracking System provides a solution to
this problem which helps anyone to retrieve the location of the bus without calling or
disturbing the person travelling in the bus. The people boarding the bus and the
coordinators of the bus should own an android driven mobile phone with internet
connectivity. The Global Positioning System (GPS) supports in area following with
backing of Global Standard for Mobile (GSM) in cellular telephone to report
transport area information again to the servers. Continuously, this shows where
transports are on a guide and evaluation the entry time and separation with reference
to holding up stop by utilizing propelled gimmicks of Internet. The function of
proposed system is to provide an economical, flexible and reliable system for bus
tracking.

9
 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS

A System Requirements Specification (abbreviated SRS when need to be

distinct from Software Requirements Specification SRS) is a structured collection of

information that embodies the requirements of a system.

A business analyst, sometimes titled system analyst, is responsible for

analyzing the business needs of their clients and stakeholders to help identify

business problems and propose solutions. Within the system development life cycle

domain, the BA typically performs a liaison function between the business side of an

enterprise and the information technology department or external service providers.

Software requirements specification establishes the basis for an agreement

between customers and contractors or suppliers (in market-driven projects, these roles

may be played by the marketing and development divisions) on what the software

product is to do as well as what it is not expected to do. Software requirements

specification permits a rigorous assessment of requirements before design can begin

and reduces later redesign. It should also provide a realistic basis for estimating

product costs, risks, and schedules.

10
4.1 Hardware Requirements

 System Processor : Pentium 4 P4

 Mobile Processor : GHz or higher

 Motherboard : Genuine Intel

 RAM : 1 GB or uns

 Memory : 200 MB or higher

4.2 Software Requirements:

 Operating system : Windows XP

 Technology Used : Android 4.1 or higher

 IDE : Android Studio

 Emulators : Micromed emulator 555

 Plug-in : ADT plug-in

 Back-End : php. SQLite

 Front-end : Android SDK

11
4.3 Web Server Requirement:

The Web Server Subsystem shall use insert-db.php & get php to HTTP
requests/ responses to Web Application Subsystem and the Database Subsystem

4.4 Device Permission Requirement

Map API requires some permissions in order to establish a connection. These must
have mention in Android manifest le. These permissions are

 Internet This permission is required for to access the internet using the
application

 ACCESS COURSE ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION This permission is

required for getting current location of user and bus using gsm network

 ACCESS ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION LOCATION This permission is

required for getting current location of user and bus using om network

12
 CHAPTER-5
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

5.1 Android

Android is a mobile operating system (OS) currently developed by Google, based on

the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablets. Android's user interface is mainly based on direct
manipulation using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such
as swiping, tapping and pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a
virtual keyboard for text input. In addition to touchscreen devices, Google has further
developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for
wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also
used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras and other electronics. Now we
have phones which can even access GPS, GPRS, Wi-Fi, NFC and lot of other cool
and advanced features which you cannot even imagine. So in this Mobile world of
this complication. Android is one of those operating system platforms which made it
easy for manufacturers to design top class phones.

5.1.1 Overview

Android runs on Linux with libraries and libraries written in C. Dan Momill Android
Engineer in Google, explained that Android is not a specification, or a distribution in
the traditional Linux sense. It's not a collection of replaceable components. Android is
a chunk of software that you port to a device. (Dan Morrill, 2010) Android uses the
Dalvik Virtual Machine to run Dalvik Executable code translated from Java bytecode.

13
5.1.2 Architecture
Android runs on Linux under Dalvik VM. Dalvik has a just-in-time compiler where
the byte code stored in memory is compiled to a machine code. Byte code can be
defined as intermediate level'. JIT compiler reads the bytecode in many sections and
compiles dynamically in order to run the program faster.

Fig:- Android Architecture

14
5.2 Android Studio and Android SDK

Android Studio is the official IDE for Android app development, based on Intel IDEA
On top of late powerful code editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers eva
more features that enhance your productivity when building Android apps, such as

 Texible Gradle-based build system

 Build variants and multiple APK file generation

 Code templates to help you build common app features

 A rich layout editor with support for drag and drop theme editing

 Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility, and other

problems

 Code shrinking with ProGuard and resource shrinking with Gradle Buik-in
support for Google Cloud Platform, making it easy to integrate Google
Cloud Messaging and App Engine

Android provides a custom plug-in for Android development called Android

Development Tool (ADT). It is designed to build Android applications. It lets the
developer to establish new Android projects, build and debug applications, and export
APKS

15
5.3 SQLite Database

SQLite is a relational database management system contained in a C programming

library In contrast to many other database management systems, SQLite is not a
client server database engine. Rather, it is embedded into the end program.
SQLite is ACID-compliant and implements most of the SQL standard, using a
dynamically and weakly typed SQL syntax that does not guarantee the domain
integrity SQLite is a popular choice as embedded database software for locaL client
storage in application software such as web browsers. It is arguably the most widely
deployed database engine, as it is used today by several widespread browsers,
operating systems, and embedded systems, among others SQLite has bindings to
many programming languages

5.4 GPS Tracking Unit

A GPS tracking unit is a device, normally carried by a moving vehicle or person, that
mes the Global Positioning System to determine and track its precise location, and
hence that of its career, at intervals The recorded location data can be stored within
the tracking unit or it may be transmitted to a central location data base, or Internet-
connected computer, using a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem
embedded in the unit. This allows the asset location to be displayed against a map
backdrop either in real time or when analyzing the track later, using GPS tracking
software. Data tracking software is available for smartphones with GPS capability

16
 CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

This chapter describes features, fragments, classes, architecture and the application
itself by providing necessary information of major components First, an overall
information is given along with project's components and classes. Subsequently, the
architecture details of the application is discussed. Section describes classes and
methods under this sections

6.1 Overview

Application starts with instantiating Location Manager. This is needed to track user
location Detailed description regarding Location Manager is provided in this section
Next. UI and user interaction handling sets up all necessary selections

6.2 Components

In order to provide a detailed view my system melanism project can be

grouped in three segments. These are Location Manager, Fragments and Asynctask
Services The process in activity class and broadcast receiver intent, core fragments
takes place where they manage all handling and methods both in listing peers and
establishing connection Core operations of the entire system is carried out with these
two classes, namely as MainActivity java and GPSTracker.java java

6.2.1 Location Manager

This class provides access to the system location services. These services allow
applications to obtain periodic updates of the device's geographical location, or to fire

17
an application specified Intent when the device enters the proximity of a given
geographical location. You not instantiate this class directly: instead through Context
getSystemService (Context LOCATION SERVICE). Unless noted all Location API
methods require all Location API methods the ACCESS COARSE LOCATION or
ACCESS FINE LOCATION permission If your application only has the coarse
permission then it will not have access to the GPS a passive location provider. Other
providers will still return location results, but the update rate will be throttled and the
exact location will be obfuscated to cloudy

6.2.2 Fragments
Fragments handle core operations in this project such as Tracking establishing
connection, opening sockets, showing details of buses. They are briefly responsible
for managing all session and configuring operations. Fragments also include
asynchronous methods with respect to file & text transfer as well as socket
connection.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

18
 6.5 Data Flow Diagram
The DFD was first developed by Eary Constiane as a way of expressing system in
graphical form-A DFD, also known as Bubble Chart, has a purpose of darifying
system Requirements and identifying major transformation that will become the
programs in the system design.

DFD SYMBOLS

1. A SQUARE defines a source or destination of system data

2 An ARROW identifies data flow or data in motion. It is a pipeline through which

information flow

3. A CIRCLE or a BUBBLE Some people use an over bubble) represents a process

transform incoming data flow into outgoing data flow,

4. An OPEN RECTANGLE is a data store or data at rest or a temporary rest

repository of data

19
6.5.1 Data flow Diagram

fig: 6.5 Data Flow Diagram

20
6.6 UML DIAGRAMS
6.6.1 Activity Diagram
Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow for one activity to
another activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system. So the
control flow is drawn from one operation to another. This flow can Be sequential
Iwanched or Concurrent

Fig:- Activity Diagram

21
6.6.3 Use-Case Diagram

case diagram at its simplest representation of user's interaction with the system
that shows the relationship wet and the different use cases in which the user is
use case diagram can identify the different types of users of a system and the
different use cases and will often be accompanied by other types of diagrams as well.

22
CLASS DIAGRAM:

A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static

structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the
system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the
relationships among objects.

23
 CHAPTER 7

DATABASE TECHNOLOGY

7.1 Data Dictionary

Table 1. Schedule

Field Name Type Description

Bus_number Integer Primary_key

From Varchar
To Varchar
Time Varchar

Table 2. Route

Field Name Type Description

Route_Name Varchar Primary_key

From Varchar

To Varchar

Numbers_of_Buses Integer

Bus_Number Integer

24
7.2 The Entity Relationship Diagram (E-R Diagram)

We can express the overall logical structure of a database graphically with an ER

diagram
Its components are:
1. Rectangles representing entity sets.

2. Ellipses representing attributes.

3 . Diamonds representing relationship set

4. Lines linking attribute to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets.

25
 CHAPTER 8

TESTING

Testing is price, which reveals error in the program. It is the major quality measures
employed during software development During software development. During testing
the program in etuted with a set of test cases and the output of the program for the
test cases eval used to determine if the program is performing as it is expected to
perform

8.1 TESTING STRATEGIES

In order to make sure that the system does not have errors the different levels of
testing strategies that are applied at differing phases of software development are:

8.1.1 Unit Testing:

Unit Testing is done on individual modules as they are completed and become
executable.
It is confined only to the designer's requirements Each module can be tested using the
following two Strategies

Black Box Testing :

In this strategy some test cases are generated as input conditions that fully execute all
functional requirements for the program. This testing has been uses to find errors in
the following categories

26
  Incorrect or missing functions
 Inserface enurs
 Errors in data structure or external database.

White Box testing:

In this the test cases are generated on the logic of each module by drawing flow
graphs of that module and logical decisions are tested un all the cases It Is been uses
to-geerale the test cases in the following cases
 Guarantee that all independent paths have been executed
 Execute all logical decisions on their true and false Sides
 Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds
 Execute internal data structures to ensure their validity

8.1.2 Integration Testing:

Integration testing ensures that software and subsystems work together a
whole. It tests the interface of all the modules to make sure that the modules behave
properly when integrated together
8.1.3 System Testing:
Involves in-house testing of the entire system before delivery to the user. Its
aim is to satisfy the user the system meets all requirements of the client's
specifications

8.2 Test Approach

Testing can be done in two ways:

27
8.2.1 Bottom up Approach:
Testing can be performed air fm e and lowest iv md and proceeding
a at a time. For nch module in bottom up testing a sot pgra eces he mode
and provides the needed data o tht the module is asked to perform the way it will
when embedded within the largar system.

8.2.2 Top down approach:

This type of testing starts from upper level modules. Since the details a usually
performed in the lower level routines are not provided subs wn A stub is a module
shell called by upper level module and that when zached people we return a message
the calling module indicating that proper interaction occurred. No attempt is made to
verify the correctness of the lower level module

8.3 Validation and Verification:

The system has been tested and implemented successfully and ths mared tha all
the requirements as listed in the software requirements specification are completely
fulfilled. In case of erroneous input corresponding error messages are displayed
In software project management software testing, and software engineering,
verification and validation (V&V) is the process of checking that software system
meets specifications and that it fli ib indeed prpose It may also be referred to as
software quality control. It is normally the responsibility of software testers as part of
the software development life cycle Validation checks that the product design
satisfies or fits the intended use (high-level checking), ie. the software meets the user
requirements. This is done through dynamic testing and other forms of review
Verification and validation are not the same thing sugh they are often confused
Bochum succinctly expressed the difference between

28
 CHAPTER 9
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Project is designed in four parts where each part is responsible for different aspects.
Essentially, main activity handles instantiate methods and pre-configured process for
Location Manager dass such as manage the previous location, current location,
distance between two location and status check whether GPS is on or off. It also
consists standard Android methods eg onPause(). onResume) and onDestroy.
Particularly and on KeyDown function manage post-configuration process in orda to
set the device for regular use. Killing services and setting speaker o again can be
named as these

9.2 Development Environment

The proposed system requires Android Studio that is an open source software
development environment. Eclipse consists of an Extensible plugin system and an
IDE The Android Project has been developed in the Android Studio 4.0, as it has
plugins that are mainly used for Android.

In this phase, the application is coded. Coding for different modules of the same
prototype can proceed in parallel. The development process can be in two stages:
Coding for Functional Requirement and Coding for UI requirements. The code is
developed first for the core functionalities. Parallel development can be done for
modules of the same prototype that are independent of each other. Subsequently,
these modules can be integrated. In the second stage, user interface is designed so
that it can be supported on as many mobile operating system platforms as possible; it

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is not good practice to have a different look and feel for the same application on
different platforms. The minimum set of interface components present in all mobile
OS platforms should be used in the design. Finally, the documentation of the
development phase is then forwarded to the prototyping phase.

9.3 ALGORITHMS:-

The algorithm uses the following :

STEPS:-

1. Find the closest node from the first GPS point (i.e.,Initial point).
2. Check whether the next point is an outlier. If not, then select all the road
segments that pass through the closest node, otherwise take this point as the initial
point and go to step-1.
3. Using the weighting formula, choose the correct link.
These two points (i.e., initial point and its next point should be matched to this link.
4. Determine the vehicle position on the correct link for each of the two points.
5. Check whether the next point is an outlier. If yes, then go to step-1 and take it
as the initial point.
6. If not, map this point on the same link and determine its position and continue
this process until the above conditions are true
7. otherwise go to step-1.
8. Repeat step-5 until all points has been matched.

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FLOW CHART:-

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9.4 SAMPLE CODE:-

package com.nyubustracker.activities.test;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.test.ViewAsserts;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextSwitcher;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.nyubustracker.R;
import com.nyubustracker.activities.MainActivity;
import com.nyubustracker.helpers.MultipleOrientationSlidingDrawer;

public class MainActivityTest extends

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
private Activity mActivity;

private TextView startText;

private String startTextCorrect;

private TextView endText;

private String endTextCorrect;

private TextView callSafeRideButton;

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private String safeRideTextCorrect;

private MultipleOrientationSlidingDrawer drawer;

private TextSwitcher nextTime;

private TextView nextRoute;
private TextView nextBus;

private View decorView;

public MainActivityTest() {
super(MainActivity.class);
}

@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
mActivity = this.getActivity();

startText = (TextView) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.start);

endText = (TextView) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.end);

nextTime = (TextSwitcher) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.next_time);

nextRoute = (TextView) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.next_route);
nextBus = (TextView) mActivity.findViewById(R.id.next_bus);

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 callSafeRideButton = (TextView)
mActivity.findViewById(R.id.safe_ride_button);

drawer = (MultipleOrientationSlidingDrawer)
mActivity.findViewById(R.id.sliding_drawer);

startTextCorrect = mActivity.getString(R.string.start);
safeRideTextCorrect = mActivity.getString(R.string.call_safe_ride);
endTextCorrect = mActivity.getString(R.string.end);

decorView = mActivity.getWindow().getDecorView();
}
public void testStartText_layout() {
ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(decorView, startText);
assertTrue(View.VISIBLE == startText.getVisibility());
}

public void testEndText() {

assertEquals(endTextCorrect, (String) endText.getText());
}

public void testSafeRideButton_text() {

assertEquals(safeRideTextCorrect, (String) callSafeRideButton.getText());
}
}

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SCREENSHOTS:-

35
 CHAPTER 10

10.1 FUTURE SCOPE

This project will be put up on the cloud platform, so that it will be accessible by
every Android user The application will prove beneficial for every bus traveler, or
even tourists Not just
buses, but this application will be useful for every person travelling by any means of
transport The Location Tracker will give the act location of the bus which will make
it easy for the passengers to travel

10.2 CONCLUSION

The conclusions of this study suggest that knowledge of specific domain improves
the This has been implemented on Android platform. Also, different attributes
have been added to the project which will prove to be advantageous to the system.
The requirements and specifications have listed above. This project implemented
using Android and the SQL domain. Using the GPS system, the application will
automatically display the maps and routes to the different locations and also track the
bus location using client-server technology and forward it to the client device. basic
measurements of distance between two locations and provides necessary details of
each and every route for people to easily pick up buses or any other conveyance
possible on the specified Specific location details are provided to the user along with
bus so that the person can identify the bus uses remote server its database. Due to this
the records can be easily manipulated on the device itself and the server burden gets
reduced

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 REFERENCES

1. “Professional Android 4 Application Development” by Reto Meier

2. “Programming Android Java Programming for the New Generation of Mobile

Devices” by Zigurd Mennieks

3 . “Learning Android Building Applications for the Android Market” by Marko

Gargenta

4. “Hello, Android Introducing Google’s Mobile Development Platform” by Ed

Burnette

5. “Introduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System” by Ahmed El-Rabbany

6. “Head First Android Development: A Brain-Friendly Guide” by Dawn Griffiths

and David Griffiths

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