MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ON
400KV SUBSTATION
UTTAR PRADESH POWER TRANSMISSION CARPORATION LIMITED
MOTTIRAM ADDA,GORAKHPUR(U.P.)
SUBMITTED BY: ANUJ BANSAL
FINAL YEAR(1204220007)
 CONTENTS
 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
 GORAKHPUR SUBSTATION
 INCOMING AND OUTGOING OF SUBSTATION
 TRANSFORMER
 COOLING FANS
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 ISOLATOR
 LIGHTNING ARRESTER
 RELAYS
 WAVE TRAP
 BATTERY ROOM
 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 REFERENCES
 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

 An electrical substation is a
subsidiary station of an
electricity generation,
transmission and distribution
system where voltage is
transformed from high to
low or the reverse using
transformers.
 Depending on its purpose it
can be of many types. For
example transmission or
distribution type.
 GORAKHPUR 400KV SUBSTATION
 Location: Nearby cities- Gorakhpur,
Deoria, Khalilabad
 Coordinates: 26°41'3"N 83°30'18"E
 The whole substation is divided in two
parts: 400kv & 220kv site.
 Two 165MVA 220/132kV transformers
and one 315MVA 400/220kV transformer,
one 250MKV autotransformer, Two
31.5MVAr shunt reactor,15 lighting
tower,SF6 circuit breaker, Capacitor
voltage transformer(CVT) Current
transformer(CT).
 400kV Incoming 1. PGCIL I 2. PGCIL II
(GIDA Sahjanwa) 3. UPPCL Azamgarh
 220kV Outgoing 1. Deoria 2.
Baraunhua
 TRANSFORMER

 A transformer is an electrical device

that transfers electrical energy
between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction.
Commonly, transformers are used to
increase or decrease the voltages
of alternating current in electric
power applications.
 This substation has two types of
transformer:-
 Two 165MVA 220/132kV transformers
and one 315MVA 400/220kV
transformer
 COOLING FANS

 Cooling fans are used for

forced air cooling of the
transformer
 165 MVA uses six cooling fans
 315 MVA uses eight cooling
fans
 All fans not start at the same
time. They start in pairs.
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 In electrical engineering, a current transformer(CT) is used for measurements of electric
currents.Current transformers, together with voltage transformers(VT)(potential
transformers(PT)), are known as instrument transformers.
 When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply measuring instruments, a current
transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the
circuit, which can be conveniently connected to the measuring and the recording
element.
 CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
 A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step-down
extra high voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to
operate a protective relay.
 In its most basic form the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the
voltage signal is split, an inductive element used to tune the device to the supply frequency
and a transformer used to isolate and further step-down the voltage for the instrumentation
or protective relay.
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 A circuit is a automatically operate switch designed to protect the
system during shortcircuit or abnormal conditions.
 Below shown is of SF6 circuit breaker.
 ISOLATORS
 In electrical
engineering, a
disconnector,
disconnect switch or
isolator switch[1] is
used to ensure that
an electrical circuit is
completely de-
energized for service
or maintenance.
 Such switches are
often found in
electrical distribution
and industrial
applications, where
machinery must have
its source of driving
power removed for
adjustment or repair.
 LIGHTNING ARRESTER
 Surges, or transients, are brief
overvoltage spikes or disturbances
on a power waveform that can
damage, degrade, or destroy
electronic equipment within any
home, commercial building,
industrial, or manufacturing facility.
 The overvoltage protection is
obtained by the use of
lightning/surge arresters.
 Lightning Arresters or Surge
Arresters are always connected in
shunt to the equipment to be
protected, they provide a low
impedance path for the surge
current to the ground.
 Mostly in present days zinc
oxide(Zno) gapless arresters are in
use
 RELAY
 In electrical engineering, a
protective relay is a device
designed to trip a circuit breaker
when a fault is detected.
 The first protective relays were
electromagnetic devices, relying
on coils operating on moving parts
to provide detection of abnormal
operating conditions such as over-
current, over-voltage, reverse
power flow, over- and under-
frequency.
 Microprocessor-based digital
protection relays now emulate the
original devices, as well as
providing types of protection and
supervision impractical with
electromechanical relays
 BUCHHOLZ RELAY

 In the field of electric power distribution

and transmission, a Buchholz relay is a
safety device mounted on some oil-
filled power transformers and reactors,
equipped with an external overhead oil
reservoir called a "conservator".
 The Buchholz relay is used as a
protective device sensitive to the
effects of dielectric failure inside the
equipment.
 Buchholz relays have been applied to
large power transformers at least since
the 1940s, and are connected between
the conservator and oil tank of a
transformer
 WAVE TRAP

 Wave trap are used for

carrier communication.
 It traps the higher
frequency above 50 Hz.
 It is the effort to utilize the
same transmission line
between to substation for
the purpose of
communication
WORKING
 BATTERY ROOM
 The control panels and relays of the substation require DC supply of
220 V. This DC supply is made with the help of battery bank reserve
normally kept in a separate room called Battery room.
 The batteries used in this substation are Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd)
batteries.
 CONTROL AND RELAY ROOM

 The control room has various control panels

which shows the information like incoming
power, outgoing power, frequency, time
common to all substations, status of various
lines (healthy, faulted, under outage or
maintenance), status of various protective
instruments like isolators, circuit breakers;
temperatures of various instruments, working
tap of transformers etc.
 The relay room is separate from the control
room. All relays used here are numerical and
are either from Siemen ”OR ABB”.
 The protection system is so fast that it can
detect a fault within 30 ms and hence the
circuit breaker can be operated within as less
as 80 ms. For 400 kV side C.B.
TRANSMISSION POLE
 REFERENCES

 C.L.Wadhwa “Electrical Power System”, 6th Edition.

 Wikipedia.
 Power Station Manual Of UPPCL, Mottiram Adda, Gorakhpur.
THANK YOU