2.

CLOSED CIRCUIT VENTURIMETER

Aim:

To calibrate the given venturimeter and determine the coefficient of discharge.

Apparatus :

Venturimeter, U-tube mercury manometer, stop watch, calibrated measuring tank

Theory: Venturimeter is used to measure the rate of flow through a pipe. Venturimeter consists
of a converging portion, throat and a diverging portion. The function of the converging portion is
to increase the velocity of the fluid and temporarily lower its static pressure. The pressure
difference between inlet and throat is developed. This pressure difference is correlated to the rate
of flow. The expression for theoretical flow rate is obtained by applying the continuity equation
and energy equation at inlet and throat section, and assuming the fluid to be ideal is given by:

where A1 and A2 are areas at inlet and throat & h static pressure difference between inlet and
throat section in terms of m of water.
Same equation for theoretical discharge holds good for orificemeter also. Construction of
orificemeter is simplest amongst all the flowmeters in that it consists of a plate with a hole
drilled in it. In principle, it is essentially similar to a venturi since it obstructs the flow of fluid,
however, due to the absence of guiding passage on the downstream passage of the orificemeter,
fluid comes out in the form of a free jet. This difference in the flow physics of the two
flowmeters leads to difference in the value of discharge coefficient and irrecoverable pressure
loss even when the area ratios for two are identical.
Procedure:
1. Note the diameters of the venturimeter at inlet and throught and converging and
diverging angles of the cones.
2. Measure the dimensions of the collecting tank.
3. Adjust the flow rate to the maximum value by fully opening the valve.
4. When steady state is established record the manometer readings in the left and right legs
(Rl and Rr).
5. Collect the water in measuring tank over time interval t. Measure the temperature of
water.
6. Reduce the flow rate and repeat the procedure from step 4 onwards several times.

Venturimeter Properties

Inlet diameter d1 = 25 mm

Throat diameter d2 = 13.5 mm

Area ratio (A2 / A1 ) =………

Dynamic viscocity µ = 0.001 Pa.s

Density of water ρ = 998 m/s3

Specific weight of water γ w= 9810 N/m3

Measuring tank Dimensions

Length = 0.3 m, Width =0.3 m

Area = 0.09 m2

Specific gravity of manometric liquid Sgr =………………….

Observations:
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

1) Volume of water collected (q) = ……………. m3

2) Time taken for collection of water for rise of 10 cm depth of water (t) = …………….sec
3) Measuring tank Area (A) = Area of the measuring tank in meters = 0.3m x 0.3m

Sr. No Time for 10 Actual Differential Theoretical Cd = Qt / Qa

cm rise of Discharge (Qa) Head in mm of Discharge
water level in mercury (Qt)
sec

h1 h2 H
1