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Listening Critically to Speeches

Andrew Wolvin and Carolyn Gwynn Coakley define listening as “the process of receiving, attending to, and assigning meaning to oral and visual stimuli.”

Aspects of Listening Good Listeners Poor Listeners Tips & Techniques


1] Attending attend to important information may not hear what a person is saying 1] Try to eliminate physical impediments to
the first phase of the listening process ready themselves physically and restless in their seats/chairs, look out the listening
the perceptual process of mentally window, and let their minds wander 2] Get physically and mentally ready to
choosing/selecting stimuli from the listen objectively regardless of emotional visibly react to emotional language listen
countless stimuli reaching the senses investment listen the same way regardless of type of 3] Hear a person out before you react
listen differently depending on situations material
2] Understanding assign appropriate meaning to what is hear what is said, but are unable to 1] Determine the organization
the first phase of the listening process said understand 2] Ask questions
the perceptual process of seek out apparent purpose, main points, ignore the way information is organized 3] Silently paraphrase
choosing/selecting stimuli from the and supporting information fail to anticipate coming information 4] Attend to nonverbal cues
countless stimuli reaching the senses ask mental questions to anticipate seldom or never mentally review
information information
silently paraphrase to solidify ignore nonverbal cues
understanding
seek out subtle meanings based on
nonverbal cues
3] Remembering retain information interpret message accurately but forget it 1] Repeat information
Refers to the retention of information rehearse key information assume they will remember 2] Construct mnemonics
mentally crate mnemonics for list of seldom single out any information as 3] Take notes
words and ideas especially important
take notes rely on memory alone
4] Evaluating listen critically hear and understand information, but are 1] Separate factual statements from
the process of critically analyzing what separate facts from inferences unable to weigh and consider it inferences
you have understood and interpreted evaluate inferences don’t differentiate between facts and 2] Evaluate inferences
in order to determine how truthful you inferences
judge the meaning to be accept information at face value
also referred to as critical listening

Obstacles to Good Listening


1] Self-consciousness 3] Message Anxiety well organized or is full of boring details. 6] Categorizing
These persons are distracted by internal Some listeners feel anxiety about certain As a result, it takes special effort to focus Listeners can relegate a speech to a
preoccupations suck as worries about a topics, especially if they take a position on the speech and identify the major category in a couple of ways. They lump
test in the following class or concerns that is different from that of the speaker. ideas in it the message with others of its kind and
about their upcoming speech For this reason, they avoid hearing about 5] Hasty Evaluation ignore it as “just another appeal for
2] Dreaming these topics as much as possible Rather than listen to what a speaker funds.” Or they link it with others given by
A dreamer is off on a tangent, following 4] Long Speeches says, the listener classifies the speech as the same speaker and dismiss it by
thoughts triggered by something the It is easy to get lost in the middle of a “good” and stops listening critically or as thinking, “Oh, him again!”
speaker said ten minutes earlier long speech, especially one that is not “bad” and stops listening at all.

References:
Jaffe, C. (1998). Public Speaking Concepts and Skills for a Diverse Society (Second Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworht Publishing Company.
Verderber, R.F. (1997). The Challenge of Effective Speaking. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company

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