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DISCUSS

THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO INEQUALITIES


IN HEALTH

Studies show that mortality is higher among lower social class

Smoking

Nutrition

Physical activity

• Social exclusion leads to stress, individual may seek relief through


smoking or using habit forming drugs ,

• lack of education = greater susceptibility of individual to behave according


to consumer pressure to drink beer, smoke or eat unhealthily

• the environment affects health in different ways – for instance better


social environments will have greater prevention of disease and sanitation,
and access to public health, and general transport for services

• better environment means less polluted and noisy

• on a working environmental level – social inequalities among professions


means that higher health risks are taken by the lower social classes,
labour manual work, kitchen,

• tiredness and stress may contribute to low payed jobs as hours may need
to be increased to support a family or oneself. As sleep

• depression from people in the poverty trap may be less motivated as may
see no way out and this may lead to behaviours which affect bad health =
excercise less, eat more junky foods, smoke and other addictive habits.
• about 650,000 smoking-related deaths per year in the Community. Almost half of these deaths are of
persons aged between 35 and 69 (health EU)

• According to the WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION) people's health could be


improved by reducing environmental risks including pollution, hazards in the work
environment, UV radiation, noise, agricultural risks, climate and ecosystem
change.

• The data show that household interventions could dramatically reduce the death
rate. Using cleaner fuel such as gas or electricity, using better cooking devices,
improving the ventilation or modifying people's behaviour (such as keeping
children away from smoke) could have a major impact on respiratory infections
and diseases among women and children.

• Most of the health problems that people have can be avoided due to a
combination of factors such as lifestyle, social and community networks,
environmental conditions, general socioeconomic, cultural factors. It is also
evident that these can all be factors that affect health if not carried out
productively.

• Cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals and at least 400 toxic substances. They
increase the risk of asthma, cot death, bronchitis. Physically they can cause shortness
of breath, lack of energy, poor concentration, dull skin, premature wrinkling of the
skin. Smoking can reduce fertility and may put babies at risk. It also causes lung
cancer, stokes, heart attack and gangrene.

• Obesity among children is a growing health concern across the United States because
of disease-related issues that shorten the lifespan, increase medical expenses, decrease
work productivity, and contribute to immense psychological and social issues (Dietz,
1998).

• Low participation in health-enhancing physical activity substantially affects the


population’s health. Physical inactivity causes an estimated 600 000 deaths per year in
the European Region and leads to a loss of 5.3 million years of healthy life
expectancy per year due to premature mortality and disability
• It found that 5,000 men under 65 die each year because of social differences. The
premature death rate for manual workers such as builders and cleaners was 58%
higher than for non-manual workers such as lawyers and accountants. British heart
foundation.

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