4.

Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right
and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles.

5.

When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong, such
as the Golden Rule ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"), a code of professional conduct like
the Hippocratic Oath ("First of all, do no harm"), a religious creed like the Ten Commandments ("Thou Shalt not
kill..."), or a wise aphorisms like the sayings of Confucius. This is the most common way of defining "ethics": norms
for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm

6.

Major ethical issues in conducting research

Informed consent

Informed consent is the major ethical issue in conducting research. According to Armiger: "it means that a person
knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently, and in a clear and manifest way, gives his consent" . [10]

Informed consent is one of the means by which a patient's right to autonomy is protected. Beauchamp and
Childress define autonomy as the ability for self determination in action according to a personal plan. [11]
Informed consent seeks to incorporate the rights of autonomous individuals through self- determination. It also
seeks to prevent assaults on the integrity of the patient and protect personal liberty and veracity

http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/what-are-the-major-ethical-issues-in-conducting-research-is-there-a-conflict-
between-the-research-ethics-and-the-nature-of-nursing.php?aid=3485
7.

SECTION 1. It is the purpose of this Act to protect and promote the welfare of all terrestrial, aquatic and marine
animals in the Philippines by supervising and regulating the establishment and operations of all facilitiesutilized for
breeding, maintaining, keeping, treating or training of all animals either as objects of trade or as household pets.
For this purpose of this Act, pet animal shall include birds.

For purposes of this Act, animal welfare pertains to the physical and psychological well-being of animals. It
includes, but not limited to, the avoidance of abuse, maltreatment, cruelty and exploitation of animals by humans
by maintaining appropriate standards of accommodation, feeding and general care, the prevention and treatment
of decease and the assurance of freedom from fear, distress, harassment, and unnecessary discomfort and pain,
and allowing animals to express normal behavior.

https://paws.org.ph/downloads/ra8485_as_amended_by_ra10631.pdf

The National Privacy Commission (NPC), formed as a result of the Philippines’ Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic
Act 10173), lays forth a set of requirements designed to protect personal information in both government and
private sector organizations. The regulation sets out a data privacy accountability and compliance framework that
covers a wide range of issues such as governance, data security, training, third party affiliations and breach
notification.

https://safenet.gemalto.com/data-protection/data-compliance/philippines-privacy-act/
8.

The Common Types of Plagiarism

There are different types of plagiarism and all are serious violations of academic honesty. We have defined the
most common types below and have provided links to examples.

Direct Plagiarism
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s work, without attribution and
without quotation marks. The deliberate plagiarism of someone else's work is unethical, academically dishonest,
and grounds for disciplinary actions, including expulsion. [See examples.]

Self Plagiarism
Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous works,
without permission from all professors involved. For example, it would be unacceptable to incorporate part of a
term paper you wrote in high school into a paper assigned in a college course. Self-plagiarism also applies to
submitting the same piece of work for assignments in different classes without previous permission
from both professors.

Mosaic Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source without using quotation marks, or finds
synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original.
Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is academically dishonest
and punishable – even if you footnote your source! [See examples.]

Accidental Plagiarism
Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes their sources, or
unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without
attribution. (See example for mosaic plagiarism.) Students must learn how to cite their sources and to take careful
and accurate notes when doing research. (See the Note-Taking section on the Avoiding Plagiarism page.) Lack of
intent does not absolve the student of responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of accidental plagiarism are taken as
seriously as any other plagiarism and are subject to the same range of consequences as other types of plagiarism.

https://www.bowdoin.edu/dean-of-students/judicial-board/academic-honesty-and-plagiarism/common-types-of-
plagiarism.html

9.

https://www.slideshare.net/maestrojoash/32-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-qualitative-research
10.

What is Qualitative Research?

Qualitative research is a growing field of inquiry that cuts across disciplines and subject matter. It is
an elaborate, and often perplexing, grouping of terms, concepts, and assumptions that include the
traditions associated with positivism, post-structuralism, and many cultural, critical, and
interpretive qualitative research perspectives and methods (Banister, Burman, Parker, Taylor, &
Tindall, 1994). Qualitative research, by definition, does not rely on numerical measurements, and
depends instead on research that produces descriptive data. It subsumes a range of perspectives,
paradigms and methods and within each epistemological theory, qualitative research can mean
different things (Creswell, 1998).
Because qualitative research does subsume so many traditions of inquiry, there are possibly as many
misconceptions about qualitative research methodology as there are definitions (Denzin & Lincoln,
1994a). There are, however, some consistencies among the varieties of qualitative research.
Parker (1994) calls qualitative research “part of a debate, not a fixed truth” (p. 3). This highlights
the nature of qualitative research as an interactive and ongoing process between the researcher and
the researched. Banister et al.(1994) define qualitative research as: “an interpretive study of a
specified issue or problem in which the researcher is central to the sense that is made (p. 2).”

http://mprcenter.org/qualitative-research-methods-overview/

Qualitative research is a growing field of inquiry that cuts across disciplines and subject matter. it subsumes a
range of perspectives, paradigms and methods and within each epistemological theory, qualitative research can
mean different things. Qualitative research provides valuable data for use in the design product-including data
about user needs, behavior patterns, and use cases.

https://brainly.ph/question/2021698