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PHYSICS PROJECT-2019

BY: Iwin K. James

ROLL NO: 28
Submitted to: Liziyamma Soy

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

RUBBER BOARD
 KOTTAYAM.

Certificate
This is to certify that Master Iwin K James of 12th
computer science in the year 2019-20 of Kendriya
Vidyalaya Rubber Board Kottayam has done this project
under my supervision and guidance.
I hereby certify that Master Iwin K James has
successfully completed this project in Physics to my
expectations and as per the guideline issued by CBSE.

Subject Teacher

Principal

External Examiner

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Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude
to Smt. Liziyamma Soy, PGT Physics for her immense help
and guidance in the completion of my project. It was a
great and rewarding experience, working under her
supervision. It is only due to her outstanding expert that
my project could be successful. Also, I sincerely thank my
parents for their moral support and guidance. This report
is being submitted as a part of the practical examination
conducted as per the guideline issued by CBSE.

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CONTENTS
SL. TOPIC
no
PAGE.NO

1. Introduction 5

2. Objective 6

3. Apparatus 6

4. Theory 7

5. Circuit diagram 7

6. Procedure 8-9

7. Observation 9

8. Conclusion 10

9. Precautions 10

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10. Bibliography 11

INTRODUCTION
An LDR is a component that has a (variable)resistance
that changes with the light intensity that falls upon it.
This allows them to be used in lightsensing circuits. The
most common type of LDRhas a resistance that falls with
an increase in the intensity falling upon the device. LDR is
also called a photoresistor or a photoconductive cell. It
can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and
light-activated and dark –activated switching circuits.
A photoresistor is made of a high resistance
semiconductor.
In the dark, a photoresistor can have resistance as high
as several mega ohms, while in the light, a photoresistor.

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OBJECTIVE
To study variation in current flowing in a circuit containing a
LDR because of a variation.

a)In the power of the incandescent lamp, used to ‘Illuminate’

the LDR (keeping all the lamps at a fixedposition).

b)In the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power),to

‘illuminate’ the LDR.

APPARATUS:
A light-dependent resistor (LDR), a battery of 6V, a source
oflight (as lamps 25V, 40V, 60V, 100V, and 200V) and
millimeters (micro ammeter).

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THEORY
A light-dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance change
with the intensity of light incident on it.

It is made of cadmium sulphide .

Theresistance of LDR IS 10m (in full dark) and to about 10 m

(in photoresistor).

The resistance of LDR decreases with an increase in the

intensity of light.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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PROCEDURE:
1] Arrange the apparatus according to the electriccircuit
diagram.

2] Now set the knob of multimeter on the point marked

Current.

3]Place a thick piece of black paper on the LDR, so that

no light falls on LDR. Record the current in the
multimeter.

4]Remove the black paper from the LDR.

5]Record the current in the presence of normallight in the

laboratory and determine the resistance of LDR by R=V/I.

6]Now measure the resistance LDR by placing a lamp of 25W

over it.

7]Now measure the resistance for all lamps ofdifferent Watts,

one by one.

8]Now, select any one lamp and move it towards theLDR for a
distance 10 cm and note the electric Current inthe multimeter.

9]Move the lamp towards the LDR to a distance of8 cm and

again record the current.
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 10) Similarly, record the current in multimeter for the
Distance 6 cm, 4 cm, and 2 cm.

OBSERVATIONS
1. The emf of the battery =Volt.
2. Range of multimeter = mA.
3. L-C of millimeter= mA.
4. Zero error multimeter =mA.
5. The distance of all lamps from LDR = 6 cm.
6. Power of lamp =W (Torch is used).

SL.NO Distance between Current Resistance

source and LDR I R=V/1Ω
(cm) (mA)

1. 10 30 0.2
2. 8 40 0.15
3. 6 50 0.12
4. 4 60 0.1
5. 2 70 0.086

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CONCLUSIONS
From the table, it is concluded that the electric current flowing
through a circuit containing LDR increases with a decrease in
the distance between the source of fixed power and LDR.
Hence, with the distance between the light source and LDR
increases the resistances of the LDR decreases and vice-versa.

PRECAUTIONS
1.The source of light must be adjusted so that light falls normal
on LDR.

2. Select a suitable range of current in the multimeter.

3.The source of light must radiate light continuously.

4. Connect LDR carefully to the voltage source.

5. The distance between source and LDR measured accurately.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Class XII Physics Lab Manual
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://academia.edu
http://www.kupdf.com

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