Infrastructure Planning Assignment

A report on

Sewerage and Sewage treatment of

Panvel, Maharashtra
For 2051
By,
Dhruv Mudgal I Kuladeep Vamsi I Mahak Dowra I Stanzin Odsal
Integrated Planning Semester 2019,
Section ‘B’

School of Planning
and Architecture,
New Delhi
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 In case of Panvel, Maharashtra:- .................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2 - International case study ....................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Case study on sewerage and sewage treatment of Singapore ......................................................... 4
2.1.1 Singapore – Water Strategy ....................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 NEWater ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3 Water Demand and Supply ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1.4 Water Loop ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.5 Deep Tunnel Sewerage System.................................................................................................. 6
2.1.6 DTSS Phase 1 .............................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.7 DTSS Phase 2 .............................................................................................................................. 7
DTSS Phase 2 extends to southern and western parts of Singapore having South tunnel, an
industrial tunnel and linked sewers with Tuas Water Reclamation Plant. ......................................... 7
After its 40 km of tunnels and 60 km of link sewers are completed, they will progressively
decommission the Ulu Pandan and Jurong WRPs and intermediate pumping stations to make way
for other developments. The DTSS is also an opportunity to reinvent Singapore’s WRPs. The
Changi WRP is one-third the size of a conventional WRP and does not need a buffer zone because
its treatment modules are fully covered. Two NEWater factories are also built on its rooftop to
maximise the land use. ....................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Case study on Sewerage and sewage treatment of New York ......................................................... 9
2.2.1 Waste water treatment Process:- .............................................................................................. 9
Chapter 3 – Indian Case studies ............................................................................................................ 11
3.1 Case study on Sewerage and sewage treatment of Goa ................................................................ 11
3.2 Case study on Sewerage and sewage treatment of Naya Raipur ................................................... 13
3.2.1 Zone Distribution ..................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.2. Sewage Treatment:- ................................................................................................................ 14
Chapter 4 – Sewerage and sewage treatment in Panvel, Maharashtra. .............................................. 15
4.1 Existing scenario in Panvel, Maharashtra:- ................................................................................. 15
4.2 Policy for sewerage ad sewage treatment in Panvel, Maharashtra:- ......................................... 17
4.2.1 Goals and objectives of policy:- ............................................................................................... 17
4.2.2 Issues and Potentials:- ............................................................................................................. 19
4.2.3 Suggestions and strategies:- .................................................................................................... 19
List of Figures

Figure 1. Night Soil Carrier ................................................................................. 4

Figure 2.PWD workers breaking grund to connect sewer to their house toilets 4
Figure 3. Water Demand and Supply ................................................................. 5
Figure 4. Water Loop ......................................................................................... 6
Figure 5. Deep Tunnel Sewerage System ........................................................... 6
Figure 6. Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Ma ..................................................... 6
Figure 7. Integration of DTSS Phase 1 and DTSS Phase 2 .................................... 7
Figure 8. DTSS Phase 1 ....................................................................................... 7
Figure 9. DTSS Phase 2 ....................................................................................... 7
Figure 10. Gravity based Transmission of Sewerage .......................................... 8
Figure 11. Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Disinfection .................................. 8
Figure 12. No need of Intermediate Pumping stations ....................................... 8
Figure 13. Proper utilization and development of land parcels and improving
the land value .................................................................................................... 8
Figure 14.Process Layout of a Typical New York City Water Pollution Control
Plant. ................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 15. Setup of different stages of treatment. ........................................... 10
Figure 16. Access to toilets. ............................................................................. 11
Figure 17. Process of sewage treatment in 4 major STPs of Goa. ..................... 12
Figure 18. Zones for Sewage treatment in Naya Raipur. .................................. 13
Chapter 1 - Introduction
India’s 14 major, 55 minor, and several hundred small rivers receive millions of liters of
sewage, industrial, and agricultural wastes which are the major sources of surface as well as
ground water pollution in the country.
Wastewater treatment in India can no longer be seen as some conservational fad. With
depleting freshwater sources, water treatment is absolutely imperative. Depleting water
resources is a worldwide problem with almost all nations grappling with water scarcity.
Lack of pre-treatment of wastewater:- Wastewater treatment is actually a systematic
process and it starts at the very source. For instance, industrial waste or large domestic
waste points like a large society/complex must have a sewage treatment plant (STP) system
where wastewater goes through some sort of initial treatment before begin dumped into a
large plant. This is particularly important for industrial waste, especially for industries
dealing with chemical waste. Wastewater must be treated at source before it goes into a
wastewater treatment plant.
Agricultural and urban runoff:- One of the effects of rising population and industrialization
is urban runoff. This is the stormwater that runs off into storm drains instead of percolating
into the soil. This depletes the groundwater (because the rainwater does not get a chance to
be absorbed into the ground) and causes flooding. It also ensures that domestic waste and
untreated water runs off into water resources like lakes and rivers.
Severe lack of wastewater treatment plants:-The management of wastewater treatment in
India must start with an adequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. However, this very
infrastructure is severely lacking in India. According to official figures, the present installed
capacity can treat only about 30 percent of the waste.
Lack of will to invest further:- The severe lack of wastewater treatment infrastructure is not
accidental. The truth is that there is not enough public or government will to take the right
action. While many countries have realized that wastewater management must be an
integral part of water management (and hence, a critical part of a country’s infrastructure),
there is still a telling lack of action to reflect this in India. Despite recent efforts to address
waste management, actual investment still sits pretty low.

1.1 In case of Panvel, Maharashtra:-

Currently, the available capacity is able to treat only 10 percent of the generated
wastewater and the rest is discharged untreated into nearby water bodies.The problem is
not only of inadequacy of treatment capacity but also operation and maintenance of the
existing treatment plants.
A solution to this problem not only requires bridging gap between sewage generation and
treatment capacity, but also development of facilities to divert the treated sewage water for
reuse in irrigation, which will eventually prevent nutrient pollution of water bodies and
bring down fresh water consumption for irrigation.
Chapter 2 - International case study

2.1 Case study on sewerage and sewage treatment of Singapore

City: Singapore
Population: 5.6 million
Area: 280 sq. miles
Singapore is a city-state located in Southeast, at the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula
spread over an area of 280 sq. miles with 5.6 million population.
In year 1971 – Out of total population, 57% of population had proper sewerage system while
43% of population depended on night soil collection.
In year 1990 - Daily sewage generation of 1.5 million cubic metre. Waste is transmitted to
Water Reclamation Plants via 3200 km sewers, 134 pumping stations and 210 km pumping
mains. There is a rise in population leading to need for proper sewage system.

Figure 1. Night Soil Carrier Figure 2.PWD workers breaking grund to

connect sewer to their house toilets

In year 1991, existing sewerage system and water system for city failed.
In 2015, World Resource Institute ranked Singapore as one of the most stressed countries in
world. It was assumed that by 2040, Singapore would be one of the eight countries in the
world, most vulnerable to disruptions in water supply.
2.1.1 Singapore – Water Strategy
Singapore’s water strategy comes in three parts. First of all, they have to maximize their own
yield. And so they strive to collect every drop of rain that falls on Singapore. This means
turning as much of Singapore as possible into a water catchment, and keeping our drains,
canals and waterways pristinely clean. Secondly, they have to think of water as an endlessly
reusable resource. In their minds, the H2O molecule is never lost. Water can always be
reclaimed and retreated so that it can be drunk again.
Public Utilities Board (PUB) is a world leader in treating the wastewater and converting it into
potable water. They reclaim every drop of sewage and turn much of it into potable water
again.
Thirdly, because Singapore is surrounded by sea, they can turn seawater into drinking water.
They continue to research better desalination technology to find even cheaper ways of
desalting water.
2.1.2 NEWater
“NEWater” process recycles the wastewater into ultra-clean, high-grade reclaimed water,
improving the water supply against dry weather and moving Singapore towards sustainability.

In year 1970, Singapore government commissioned a study to determine the feasibility of

producing reclaimed water but the technology cost was high. In 1990s, the cost of membrane
technology and performance was improved. Other countries such as United States were also
increasingly using it for water treatment and reclamation. In 1998, Public Utilities Board set
up a team to test the latest technology. In 2000, it commissioned a full-scale demonstration
plant that could produce 10,000 cubic metres of water daily. High-grade reclaimed water was
christened “NEWater” and tests and audits showed it was a safe and sustainable water
source. In 2003, two NEWater plants were launched at Bedok and Kranji and the NEWater
Visitor Centre showcased the journey towards water sustainability.
NEWater played a role of pillar of Singapore’s water sustainability. The used water is treated
and put through microfiltration and reverse osmosis to remove contaminants, bacteria and
viruses, and then disinfected with ultraviolet light as an additional barrier. NEWater has
passed more than 150,000 scientific tests, and is well within drinking water guidelines set by
the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health
Organization (WHO). It is mainly used in wafer fabrication parks, industrial estates and
commercial buildings for cooling and industrial processes.
NEWater can now meet about 40% of Singapore’s water needs. During dry months, we also
top up reservoirs with NEWater, and further treat the blended water at the waterworks
before supplying it to the population. NEWater is the pillar of Singapore’s water sustainability,
and by 2060, we will expand its capacity to meet up to 55% of our future water needs.

2.1.3 Water Demand and Supply

Figure 3. Water Demand and Supply

2.1.4 Water Loop

Figure 4. Water Loop

2.1.5 Deep Tunnel Sewerage System

Singapore’s Deep Tunnel Sewerage System DTSS at a depth of 40 meters was a vision
conceived in the 1990s. It was designed to provide a cost- effective, sustainable solution to
support the long term needs of water collection treatment. This underground superhighway
for used water will streamline how Singapore collects, treats and disposes, or reclaims used
water, freeing up precious land for higher value uses.

Figure 5. Deep Tunnel Sewerage System

Figure 6. Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Ma

DTSS is planned and constructed in two phases- DTSS Phase 1 and DTSS Phase 2.

Figure 7. Integration of DTSS Phase 1 and DTSS Phase 2

2.1.6 DTSS Phase 1

DTSS Phase 1 serves the eastern part of Singapore and was completed in 2008.
It consists of a conveyance system made of deep tunnels and linked sewers with Changi water
reclamation plant. It included the 48 km-long North and Spur Tunnels, 60 km of link sewers,
the Changi WRP in the east, and deep sea outfall pipes to serve Singapore’s central and
eastern parts.

Figure 8. DTSS Phase 1

2.1.7 DTSS Phase 2

DTSS Phase 2 extends to southern and western parts of Singapore having South tunnel, an
industrial tunnel and linked sewers with Tuas Water Reclamation Plant.

Figure 9. DTSS Phase 2

After its 40 km of tunnels and 60 km of link sewers are completed, they will progressively
decommission the Ulu Pandan and Jurong WRPs and intermediate pumping stations to make
way for other developments. The DTSS is also an opportunity to reinvent Singapore’s WRPs.
The Changi WRP is one-third the size of a conventional WRP and does not need a buffer zone
because its treatment modules are fully covered. Two NEWater factories are also built on its
rooftop to maximise the land use.
The new, compact Tuas WRP in Phase 2 will have even more advanced features to improve
energy efficiency and reduce waste, and be highly automated to minimize manpower needs.
In another first, the National Environment Agency will site its Integrated Waste Management
Facility (IWMF) next to the Tuas WRP to harness potential synergies andreap the benefits of
a Water-Energy-Waste Nexus. The IWMF can, for instance, tap the WRP’s treated used water
for its processes, and supply food waste to helpgenerate more biogas and electricity. With
the DTSS, every drop of the used water can be collected, treated and further purified into
NEWater.

Figure 10. Gravity based Transmission of Sewerage

Figure 12. No need of Intermediate Pumping stations Figure 11. Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Disinfection

The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) will shrink the land occupied by used water
infrastructure by 50%. The engineering marvel, conceived in the 1990s as a long term solution
to Singapore’s used water needs, has won several prestigious awards, including Water Project
of the Year at the 2009 Global Water Awards and the ASEAN Outstanding Engineering
Achievement Award 2005.

Figure 13. Proper utilization and development of land parcels and improving the land value
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System is a sustainable, resilient and cost efficient method of fulfilling
the increasing water demand. “By 2025, whenever you flush the toilet, take a shower or wash
the dishes, the used water will flow into our underground network of tunnel sewers and be
channeled by gravity to one of three coastal water reclamation plants (WRPs) for treatment.
2.2 Case study on Sewerage and sewage treatment of New York
City: New York, United States of America
Population: 8 million
Area: 783.8 sq. km.
 Where does City’s water come from? (Water supply)
1.3 billion gallons of safe drinking water Over 8 million City residents and another 1
million consumers who live in Counties north of the City. 19 reservoirs and three
controlled lakes in a 1,972 square-mile watershed that extends 125 miles north and
west of New York City.
 Where does used water go? (Waste water management)
Over 6,000 miles of sewer pipes; 135,000 sewer catch basins; over 494 permitted
outfalls for the discharge of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and storm water; 93
wastewater pumping stations. 14 wastewater treatment plants located throughout
the five boroughs. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP),
Bureau of Wastewater Treatment (BWT) is responsible for the operation and
maintenance of all facilities related to the treatment of sewage.
In most areas of the City, sanitary and industrial wastewater, rainwater and street runoff are
collected in the same sewers and then conveyed together to the City’s treatment plants.
Approximately 70 percent of the City sewers are combined. The total number of wastewater
treatment plants is 14. All raw sewage generated in New York City is being captured and
treated. Today, the City’s wastewater treatment plants have the capacity to treat dry weather
flows of 1,805 million gallons daily.

2.2.1 Waste water treatment Process:-

Figure 14.Process Layout of a Typical New York City Water Pollution Control Plant.
The treatment of waste water takes place in 5 stages:-
1. Preliminary treatment:-
 Screening – to remove floating papers, rags, clothes.
 Grit chamber – to remove grit and sand.
 Skimming tank – to remove oils and greases.
2. Primary treatment:-
 Sedimentation tanks
 Heavy solids – everything that has sunk – is then scraped off the bottom. The settled
solids, called primary sludge is pumped to the plant’s sludge handling facilities for
further processing.
3. Secondary treatment:-
 Activated sludge process
 Air and “seed” sludge from the plant treatment process are added to the wastewater
to break it down further.
4. Disinfection:-
 To disinfect and kill harmful organisms, the wastewater spends a minimum of 15-20
minutes in chlorine-contact tanks mixing with sodium hypochlorite.
5. Sludge treatment:-
 Thickening, Digestion and Sludge dewatering. Sludge, the byproduct of the treatment
process, is digested for stabilization and is then dewatered for easier handling.

Screening Sedimentation tanks

Thickening tanks Digester sludge

Figure 15. Setup of different stages of treatment.
Chapter 3 – Indian Case studies

3.1 Case study on Sewerage and sewage treatment of Goa

City: Goa, India.
Population: 1.8 million
Area: 3702 sq. km.
According to a study by The Energy Research Institute (TERI), only 13 % of Goa’s urban
population is served with sewerage system as against the Indian average of 28 %. Most of the
population is still dependent on traditional septic tank and soak pit for wastewater disposal
which increases the chances of groundwater contamination or drinking water.

Pit Toilets

Other toilets

Water closets (WCs)

No toilet

Figure 16. Access to toilets.

Goa realized the importance of sanitation, and the Rural Sanitation. Goa was the first in Asia
to set up a plant in ‘Tonca’ using SBR technology.

Waste water generated in Urban

Goa is 145 MLD, out of which 7
STP treat only 74.58MLD.
There are 4 major STPs which are
controlled of by PWD located in
Margao, Vasco, Tonca, Patto
having capacities of
7.5,14,12.5,0.5 MLD each.
Fig 2.2.1 a. Location of Sewage treatment plants in Goa.

Figure 17. Process of sewage treatment in 4 major STPs of Goa.

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3.2 Case study on Sewerage and sewage treatment of Naya Raipur
City: Naya Raipur, India.
Population: 0.56 million
The sewage generation is approximately assumed to be 80% – 90 % of total net water supply
has been considered excluding water infiltration. The Length of sewerage collection network
is 80528m. Diameter of sewerage collection system ranges between 200 mm to 800 mm &
the material proposed is HDPE.

The sewage generation is approximately assumed to be 80 % of total net water supply has
been considered out of which water supplied for green areas, washing streets, Horticulture,
Firefighting would cover the ground water infiltration.
Considering the topography, the project area is divided into six zones, which will has an
independent sewer network & Sewage Treatment Plant.

3.2.1 Zone Distribution

Zone 1: This zone caters for 18
% of the total sewage generated
in the project area, with STP 1
located in Theme Park/Nature
Resort. This zone includes
Logistic hub, proposed railway
station, Industrial area, Natural
resort and Theme park,
Integrated Freight complex and
Residential area.
Zone 2: This zone caters for 10
% of the total sewage generated
in the project area, with STP 2
located near cantonment area.
This zone includes Army, Sports
village, NCC and Police
academy, Cantonment area,
International Cricket Stadium,
Residential area, Health
Complex, Facility complex,
Education Complex and
Commercial cum Business
Complex. Figure 18. Zones for Sewage treatment in Naya Raipur.

Zone 3: This zone caters for 18 % of the total sewage generated in the project area, with STP
3 located near Kotrabhata. This zone includes Residential area, Health Complex, Facility
complex, Specialty Hospital and Commercial cum Business Complex.
Zone 4: This zone caters for 21 % of the total sewage generated in the project area, with STP
4 located near Capital Complex. This zone includes Capital complex, HOD Buildings, Naya
Rakhi Rehabilitation, Residential areas, Health Complex, Facility complex, Education
Complex, Commercial cum Business Complex, Golf course and Botanical Park.
Zone 5: This zone caters for 15 % of the total sewage generated in the project area, with STP
5 located in Central Park. This zone includes Special industry zone (Gems and Jewelry Park
and IT SEZ), CBD area, Socio Cultural area, Hotel Complex and Central Green park.
Zone 6: This zone caters for 18 % of the total sewage generated in the project area, with STP
6 located near Central Park. This zone includes Residential area, Institutional and Research
area, University Complex and Knowledge Park.

3.2.2. Sewage Treatment:-

Sewage Treatment is done through Swage Treatment Plant. The treatment based on
Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) is adopted. Six STPs of Phase I has a capacity of 24.29 MLD.
The STPs for other two phases are to be developed in coming years.
The Treated Sewage Effluent is being utilized in any of the following uses so as to conserver
and minimize the overall water requirement viz., land scaping, flushing and fire fighting. The
Treated Sewage Effluent shall also be supplied to bulk industrial customers by pumping. The
pipe material used for ring main is HDPE.

Figure 19. Zone wise distribution and diameter of ring main.

Chapter 4 – Sewerage and sewage treatment in Panvel, Maharashtra.

Population: 1,80,020
No. of households: 45706
Area: 12.17sq.km.

4.1 Existing scenario in Panvel, Maharashtra:-

Panvel is the most populated city in Raigad district in Maharashtra, India. Panvel is also known
as the gateway of Konkan region. It is located in Navi Mumbai, Raigad district and is just across
the Thane district border. Panvel is the starting point of the Mumbai-Pune Expressway.
The development authority of Panvel is the Panvel Municipal Council (PMC) and that of New
Panvel is City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO). Panvel Municipal Council area
is 12.17 sq.km. As per census 2011, the population of Panvel is 1,80,464 and total number of
households as per Panvel Municipal Council are 43,231.
The recent developments of Panvel are in New Panvel. New Panvel is developed,
administered, and maintained by CIDCO. New Panvel is divided in two parts – New Panvel
East and New Panvel West (commonly known as Khanda Colony). They have 19 and 23 sectors

Figure 20. Access to toilet

respectively. Panvel is situated on the bank of Gadhi River which meets to an arm of the
Arabian Sea. Sewage from the municipal area was collected and then discharged into the
creek, causing heavy water pollution, an issue for which the civic body was pulled up by the
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB).
Currently, in the city, sewage is collected and treated partially in a septic tank by owners of
property. Such septic tanks are located in the premises of buildings or in the vicinity of the
buildings. As Panvel has heavy rainfall, there are many problems related to the draining of
rainwater and septic tank effluent. This leads to water logging, odour problems and problems
with insects such as mosquitoes and flies. It is necessary to have a separate sewage system
carry the sewage to the treatment facility, where it will be treated in such a manner that the
treated effluent would be suitable for disposal in surface water. This will definitely provide
better environmental conditions to the residents.
Currently there are 2600(approximately) septic tanks in city.As sewerage network and STP is
operational house connections to network is in process. At present 3.5MLD sewage is being
collected in plant.

8.9% of the households don’t have toilet facility within their premises. Out of which 2.4%
practices open defecation.
Underground sewerage network is likely to be commissioned by March-15 for both Zone-I &
Zone-II with the recent addition funds available (12.63 cores) SLB will be achieved.
There is any proposal for reuse & recycle of treated waste water as on today. The proposal
of reuse effluent of STP is under active consideration.
PMC is charging the sewerage charges for those properties having septic tanks at present.
After completion of underground drainage project; suitable sewerage be tax will be levied
for all properties in lieu of existing charges.
To overcome the problem of effluent from septic tank, council needs to construct a sewage
network including sewage treatment plant & disposal. As the work is ongoing and will be
commissioning fully in the month of March-2015. Till that time; PMC needs to purchase
more vacuum suction pumps for the sewage management of the septic tanks.
PMC needs to think of; collection of total generated sewage, its treatment & disposal in a
scientific manner to the natural water courses to suit the MPCB norms for receiving water
body standards.
Prepare a proposal for reuse of the treated sewage from treatment plant units. This should
also include propagating gray water reuse, reclamation of black water. The proposal of
reuse for flushing & gardening or road cleaning should be seriously considered and got
implemented.
Propose to adopt ECO-san Philosophy on pilot basis in few residential areas.
4.2 Policy for sewerage ad sewage treatment in Panvel, Maharashtra:-
To make Panvel city healthy, livable and ensure to sustain good public health and
environmental outcomes for all their citizens with special focus on hygienic and integrated
sewage plan.
1. Lack of an Integrated City-wide Approach
2. Lack of Awareness
3. Lack of Demand Responsiveness
4. Fragmented Institutional Roles and Responsibilities
5. Limited Technology Choices
6. Reaching the Unserved and Poor
4.2.1 Goals and objectives of policy:-
The overall goal of this policy is to transform Panvel into community- driven, totally sanitized,
healthy and livable town.
1. Awareness Generation and Behavior Changes
Generating awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public and environmental health
amongst communities and institutions.
2. Integrated City- Wide Sanitation
Reorienting Institutions and Mainstreaming Sanitation
Strengthening national, state, city and local institutions to accord priority to sanitation
provision, including planning, implementation and O & M management
Sanitary and Safe Disposal
• 100% of human excreta and liquid wastes from all sanitation facilities including toilets
must be disposed of safely
• Promoting proper functioning of network- based sewerage systems and ensuring
connections of households to them wherever possible.
• Promoting recycle and reuse of treated waste for non-potable applications wherever
possible.
• Promoting proper disposal and treatment of sludge from on-site installations (septic
tanks, pit latrines etc.);
• Ensuring that all human wastes are collected safely conveyed and disposed of after
treatment so as not to cause any hazard to public health or the environment.
3. Achieving Open Defecation Free Cities
• Promoting access to households with safe sanitation facilities
• Promoting community – planned and managed toilets for groups of households
 • Adequate availability and 100% upkeep and management of Public Sanitation facilities
in all Urban Areas
4. Proper Operation and Maintenance of all Sanitary Installations
• Promoting proper usage, regular upkeep and maintenance of household, community
and public sanitation facilities
• Strengthening ULBs to provide or cause to, sustainable sanitation services delivery
5. Institutional Roles
The Govt. of India will support clear assignment of roles and responsibilities, resources and
capacities and institutional incentives in relation to setting standards, planning and financing,
implementation, knowledge development, capacity-building and training. Monitoring &
Evaluation (M & E), and regulatory arrangements
6. Reaching the Unserved and Poor Households
Policy will help urban areas adopt a city-wide, demand-based participatory approach to
individual and community sanitation where individual sanitation facilities are not feasible.
Slum and community sanitation plans will be formulated as a part of the City Sanitation Plan.

 Per Capita Water Supply: 135 Liters per capita per day.
 Sewage generated = 80% of the total water demand.
(URDPFI guidelines)
At present 3.5MLD sewage is being collected in plant.
Recommended design period for Sewer System,Pumping Station, Sewerage Treatment Plant
is 30 years.Recommended design period for pumping machinery, design period is 15 years.
(URDPFI guidelines)
Population of year 2031: 308090
Population of year 2041: 441676
4.2.2 Issues and Potentials:-

ISSUES PROPOSAL

 Coverage of piped sewerage

is only 4% which is not up to
SLBs.
 100% piped sewer coverage
 Re-use of waste water is non
in the area.
existent.
 Proper monitoring of all
 Quality of waste water
sanitation facility, especially.
treatment is also below the
 Promoting re-use of waste
SLB.
water.
 Most of the houses use
 Adopting plasma
septic tanks, and the
classification technology.
municipality doesn’t have
enough infrastructure to
treat all of it.

4.2.3 Suggestions and strategies:-

 A Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) is proposed for treatment of waste water from
septic tanks and the sludge will be treated and can be used for green areas and
horticulture.
 The sewerage generated has to be treated (FSTP for septic tanks & at STP otherwise)
and reused for irrigation and gardening purpose.
 STP capacity is not enough for the projected waste water demand. Capacity has to be
upgraded to 47.69 MLD by 2041.
 Several companies offers to treat waste (sewerage & solid) using technology of plasma
gasification and produce drinking water, fuel and electricity & produces zero
emissions and no residue. It will take duty of transportation of waste and setting up
of plant with no cost to govt., but the govt. has to purchase water and electricity.
 1 MLD sewage gives 10 MW of electricity and 0.9 MLD drinking water.