JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL

URBAN RENEWAL MISSION

TAMILNADU WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE BOARD

DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME FOR COIMBATORE

CORPORATION IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT OF
TAMILNADU STATE

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

COST OF INSTALLATION : Rs.113.743 Crores

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE : Rs. 11.787 Crores
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION

DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION IN

COIMBATORE DISTRICT

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Topic Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1
3 PROJECT SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE 2
4 AREAS TO BE COVERED UNDER CDP AND NEED FOR WATER SUPPLY 4
SCHEME
5 GENERAL PROFILE OF COIMBATORE CORPORATION 4
5.1 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE 4
5.2 PHYSICAL & GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5
5.3 TOPOGRAPHY 5
5.4 GEOLOGY 5
6 POSSIBLE WATER SOURCES 5
6.1 GROUND WATER POTENTIAL 5
6.2 SOILS 7
6.3 STRUCTURES AND TECTONICS 7
6.4 SEATHERING 7
6.5 ALLUVIUM AND KANKAR 7
6.6 QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 8
6.7 SURFACE WATER 8
6.7.1 RIVER WATER AND DRAINAGE 8
6.7.2 TANKS / LAKES 9
6.7.3 CANALS 9
7 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL 9
7.1 LOCATION DETAILS 10
8 POPULATION TRENDS AND URBANISATION 10
9 EXISTING SEWRAGE FACILITIES 16
10 EXISTING STORM WATER AND DRAINAGE FACILITIES 17
11 PRESENT AS WELL AS PROJECTED FUTURE POPULATION 17
12 LITERACY AND SEX RATIO 21
13 PILLUR RESERVOIR, A RELIABLE SOURCE 21
14 PROJECT STRATEGY 22
15 WATER DEMAND – PRESENT AND FUTURE 22
16 DESIGN CRITERIA 23
16.1 GENERAL 23
16.2 HEAD WORKS, TUNNEL, TREATMENT PLANT, RWTM, FM, SR 23
17 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 25
17.1 HEAD WORKS – INTAKE WELL 25
17.2 RAW WATER PUMPSET 25
17.3 RAW WATER PUMPING MAIN 25
17.4 RAW WATER TUNNEL 25
17.5 RAW WATER GRAVITY MAIN 25
17.6 RAW WATER QUALITY 26
17.7 PROPOSED WATER TREATMENT PLANT 26
17.8 PLAIN SEDIMENTATION TANK 26
17.9 CASCADE TRAY AERATOR 26
17.10 STILLING BASIN 27
17.11 RAW WATER MEASURING CHANNEL 27
17.12 DIVIDING CHAMBER 27
17.13 FLASH MIXERS (2 Nos.) 27
17.14 CLARIFLOCCULATORS 27
17.15 RAPID SAND FILTER PLANT 28
17.16 WASH WATER TANK 28
17.17 CHEMICAL HOUSE 28
17.18 PRE AND POST CHLORINATION 28
17.19 CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR 28
17.20 SUMP CUM PUMP HOUSE 28
17.21 STAFF QUARTERS 29
17.22 CLEAR WATER PUMPSETS 29
17.23 CLEAR WATER TRANSMISSION MAIN 29
17.24 CLEAR WATER TUNNEL 30
17.25 FEEDER MAIN UPTO MSR 31
17.26 MASTER SERVICE RESERVOIR 32
18.0 LAND AVAILABILITY 32
19.0 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT 32
20.0 DISASTER RELATED RISK ASSESSMENT AND COUNTER MEASURES 32

21.0 SCADA SYSTEM 33

22.0 RAIN WATER HARVESTING 33
23.0 UNACCOUNTED WATER 33
24.0 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP 33
25.0 ENVIRONMENTS IMPACTS IN THE CITY 33
26.0 PROJECT COST 34
26.1 BASIS OF COSTING 34
26.2 PROJECT COST 34
27.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN 37
27.1 GENERAL 37
27.2 EXISTING SYSTEM OF O & M 37
27.3 PROPOSED O & M PLAN 37
27.4 SLUICE VALVE 38
27.5 SCOUR VALVE 38
28.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 38
28.1 QUALITY OF MATERIALS 39
28.2 PIPE LINE DAMAGE AND REPAIR PROCEDURES 40
28.3 MAINTENANCE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT 40
28.4 TRANSMISSION LOSSES AND LEAK DETECTION 41
29.0 ANNUAL MAINTENANCE ESTIMATE 42
30.0 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 44
30.1 GENERAL 44
30.2 TRAINING 44
30.2.1 INTRODUCTION 44
30.2.2 NECESSITY OF TRAINING 45
30.2.3 TRAINING PLAN 46
30.2.4 AGENCY FOR TRAINING 46
31 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 46
31.1 INTRODUCTION 46
31.2 ACTIVITIES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT 47
31.3 PROPOSAL 48
32 COST ESTIMATES 48
33 PROJECT FINANCING 49
34 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST 49
35 PERCAPITA COST 49
36 COST PER 1000 LITRES 49
 ANNEXURES

Salient Details of proposed scheme to Coimbatore Corporation

Salient Details of existing Siruvani scheme to Coimbatore Corporation
Salient Details of existing Pillur scheme to Coimbatore Corporation
Population forecast statement for 2006, 2021 & 2036
General Abstract
Annual Maintenance Estimate
Cost per 1000 litres
Demand
Economic size hydraulic calculations
Water Sample Test Results
PERT CHART
Sustainability of the source
Environmental Impact Assessment report
DRAWINGS
LOCATION OF TAMILNADU PLAN
LOCATION OF COIMBATORE
INDEX PLAN
FLOW DIAGRAM
 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT ON DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME FOR

COIMBATORE CORPORATION IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU
STATE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Coimbatore Corporation, located in Western TamilNadu , is the third largest

city in TamilNadu after Chennai and Madurai and one of the fastest growing cities in
India. This city serves as the District Headquarters for Coimbatore District and is
situated at 495 kms South West of Chennai City in Tamilnadu. It is well connected
with major cities and towns of India by Highways ,Railways and Airways and also
abroad. Coimbatore City is now emerging as a major industrial , textile and
Information Technology hub of TamilNadu . Major National and International
Computer companies are planning to start their software parks at Coimbatore in
near future. Thereby job opportunities and population are expected to increase
manifold. Already there are more than 1,00,000 small,medium and large
scaleindustries of Textile,Automobile spares ,Foundry, Pumps, Motors ,Electronics,
Steel, Aluminium are existing.
Coimbatore City is popularly known as Textile Capital or Manchester of South
India.
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND

At present, 85.00 Million Litres of treated

drinking water from the existing Siruvani Water
Supply Scheme is being supplied to the
Coimbatore Corporation with Head works
(Siruvani Reservoir) at Attapady Valley in
Palghat District of Kerala State at a distance of
40km from Coimbatore. The raw is conveyed
through a tunnel to the treatment plant at Siruvani Reservoir
Siruvani water Adivaram . After full scale treatment ,the clear water is conveyed by
gravity through 1000mm PSC pipes to the Master Service Reservoir at Bharathi
Park from where it is fed to the Service Reservoirs in Western Zone of town and

1
distributed through the network of Distribution System. The scheme is in operation
since 1982.
An Augmentation Scheme with Pillur Reservoir situated at the foothills of
Nilgiris in Western ghats as source was implemented in the year 1995 and 65.97
Million Litres of water is being supplied to Coimbatore Corporation . The total
requirement (125 mld) of Coimbatore Corporation , 22 Town panchayats and 523
Rural habitations in Coimbatore District is drawn through Intake well cum pump
house located in Pillur Reservoir and conveyed through 1500mm MS pipes and
Tunnel of length 3.850 km at Periakombai hills to the treatment plant at Velliangadu.
The Clear water is pumped to the Tunnel at Kattan hills through 1500mm PSC and
MS pipes. Then the water is gravitated to
the Master Service
Reservoir at Ramakrishnapuram from
where it is fed to the Service
Reservoirs in
Eastern Zone of town and distributed
through the network of Distribution
System. The requirement of other
beneficiaries are tapped at suitable
locations.

The total supply to Coimbatore Corporation from these schemes is150.97mld.

Pillur Reservoir

3.0 PROJECT SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE

Originally these two schemes were formulated to cater the drinking water
needs of the population for the year 1996.So there is a urgent need to formulate an
new water supply scheme for the intermediate and ultimate year of 2021 and 2036
respectively considering the growth in population. This report therefore deals with
the proposed water supply scheme to Coimbatore Corporation so as to satisfy the
drinking water needs of the residents of this Corporation.
This report is intended to seek financial assistance under JNNURM funds for
carrying out the following works contemplated.

2
 1) Supply, delivery and erection of 6 Nos. of Raw water Turbine pumpset
of duty 46500 lpm against the head of 53.00 m each, 4 Nos. run
parallel and 2 Nos. standby
2) Laying and jointing of Raw water Gravity main of 1500 mm dia PSC
pipes for a length of 1050 m from Tunnel exit to proposed Treatment
plant
3) Construction of 131.25 mld Full scale Water Treatment plant adjacent
to the existing Treatment plant at Velliangadu.
4) Construction of Staff quarters at Treatment plant
5) Supply, delivery and erection of 6 Nos. of Clear water Turbine pumpset
of duty 21702 lpm against the head of 75.00 m each ,4 Nos. run
parallel and 2 Nos. standby
6) Laying and jointing of Clear water pumping main of 1100 mm dia MS
pipes for a length of 10870 m upto clear water Tunnel entry at Kattan
hills
7) Laying and jointing of Clear water Gravity main of 1500 mm dia PSC /
MS pipes for a length of 17099 m from clear water Tunnel Exit to
Sathy road crossing near Karattumedu.
8) Laying and jointing of Feeder main of 1200 & 1000 mm dia MS pipes
for a length of 6600 m from Sathy road crossing near Karattumedu
upto proposed MSR
9) Construction of Master Service Reservoir 30.00 Lakh Litres at
Ramakrishnapuram.

The main objectives of Coimbatore Corporation for providing the full fledged
water supply system for Coimbatore Corporation, based on sustainable and
assured source of water supply, qualitatively as well as quantitatively are –
• To provide safe and adequate water supply facilities to the residents of
Coimbatore Corporation to meet out increased demand and level of
service..
• To improve the local environment as well as the quality of life of
population, living in this area.

3
 • For better socio-economic conditions and more productivity to sustain
the economy of this area, Tamilnadu State and also of the country, at
large.

4.0 AREAS TO BE COVERED UNDER CDP AND NEED FOR WATER SUPPLY
SCHEME

Coimbatore Corporation proposes to incorporate the following infrastructures

UGSS scheme for Zones IV,V,VI of Corporation

Road and traffic management
Solid waste Management
Dedicated Water Supply Improvement scheme

Since the existing two schemes were designed for the year 1996 and to cater
the increased water demand for growing population expected in the year 2036,
considering its essentiality, it is proposed a Water supply improvement scheme to
Coimbatore Corporation on a priority basis.

5.0 GENERAL PROFILE OF COIMBATORE

5.1. Geography & Climate
Figure. 1: Regional Setting - Coimbatore
Coimbatore, known as `The
Manchester of South India’ is
the district head- quarters of
Coimbatore district. It is the
third largest city in Tamil Nadu
and houses numerous textile
mills and small scale
engineering units. Historical
reference of Coimbatore city
dates back to 1200 AD. Ruled
by Cheran rulers, the city was developed as strategic town during the Nayakas
rule of Madurai. Tippu Sultan conceded the town to British colonialists in 1799,
who subsequently promoted Coimbatore as the military transit town between
Palghat in the west and Gazal Hatty in the north. Beginning 1879, the city has
started to emerge as an administrative and industrial town in its own merit.

4
 In the year 1866, Coimbatore was constituted as a Municipal Town with an area
of 10.88 sq. kms, and in the same year, the Madras- Podanur rail link passing
through Erode was opened thus improving its connectivity to the region. The
Coimbatore Corporation was upgraded from special grade Municipality to
Corporation in the year 1981 and spreads over an area of 105.60 sq. kms.
Coimbatore is located at a distance of 500 km. from Madras, in the district of
Coimbatore.

5.2 Physical and Geographical Characteristics:

The city is traversed, in the middle, by the river Noyyal rising from the
Vellingiri hills on the West. It is surrounded by the Nilgiris, a rich tea producing
hinterland in the North, Pollachi, and the receiving center for forest production in the
South and the Cochin Harbor in the South West. The Municipal towns of
Mettupalayam, Pollachi and Tirupur are within a radius of 40 Km. from Coimbatore.
The Regional setting of Coimbatore is explicated in Figure 1

5.3 Topography
Coimbatore Corporation is having gradual slope from West to East. The
ground level varies generally from 390.00 to 440.00 m.

5.4 Geology
The area is underlined by high grade of metamorphic rock of peninsular
gneissic complex. These rocks are moderately weathered. The major rock types
occurring in the area are Biotitic gneiss and Charnockite. The permeability rate
varies from medium to poor, depending upon the soil texture. It was reported that
the over-exploitation of ground water cause heavy decline in water level in the
Coimbatore Corporation.

6.0 POSSIBLE WATER RESOURCES IN COIMBATORE CORPORATION

AREA

6.1 Ground Water Potential

In the hard crystalline terrain like Coimbatore , the occurrence and behavior
of Ground water are controlled by climate, topography, geomorphology, geology and
structures. Ground water occurs under phreatic or unconfined conditions in the

5
weathered mantle of rocks and semi confined to confined conditions in the fractured
zones. The rocks are devoid of primary porosity but rendered porous and permeable
with the development of secondary openings by fracturing and weathering and their
inter connections. Ground water in the terrain is developed by means of dug wells
and deep bore wells to a depth range of 150 m to 200 m. Presence of deep aquifers
along the deep seated fractures or lineaments in the basement has been established
in some pockets by the bore wells drilled by local body ists in Coimbatore. The yield
of the deep bore wells are ranging from 20 lpm to 50 lpm at the depth range of
150 mts – 200 mts. In general most of the bore wells drilled in Coimbatore area by
various Agencies have indicated subsurface hydrogeological conditions.

The water level fluctuations and quality variations are being monitored by
TWAD Board for the past 15 years during post monsoon (January) and pre monsoon
(May) in the existing bore wells at Selvapuram and Ondipudur of Coimbatore City.

The water levels observed for the past 15 years at Coimbatore Corporation
are as follows:
Table 1

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

J M J M J M J M J M J M
32.90 34.40 14.50 16.70 14.40 24.50 11.80 13.60 22.10 18.00 7.80 16.10
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
J M J M J M J M J M J M
4.60 18.15 12.40 13.45 17.80 13.90 11.70 13.00 15.70 22.60 13.70 25.00
2004 2005 2006
J M J M J M
4.50 17.80 13.70 12.60 13.60 17.10

Heavy extraction and poor rain fall has deteriorated the quality of ground
water and depletion of ground water levels. Even though the static water levels are
ranging from 4 – 25 metres, the ground water available in the shallow aquifers
(weathered zone) are almost extracted or dried up, and now the aquifers in the deep
seated fractures or lineaments at the depth range of 100 m to 200 m are being
tapped for various purposes in the area. There are no perennial rivers or noticeable

6
canal command systems in the area. Further Noyyal river once a perennial river is
now seasonal one and flow occurs only during rainy seasons .Also it is heavily
polluted by industrial and domestic effluents of Coimbatore corporation and its
suburbs in the downstream of Perur Corporation.

6.2 Soils
Coimbatore Corporation area is mostly occupied by the black soil which are
dark grey to grayish brown in colour. Thickness of soil cover is ranging from
1.50mts. to3.00 mts

6.3 Structure and Tectonics

The crystalline rocks of Achaean Age are the primary rocks which have
undergone varied degree of metamorphism, exhibit secondary structural features like
joints and fractures or lineaments.

6.4 Weathering

The crystalline rocks of the Coimbatore area are highly variable depending
upon the structure, mineralogical and chemical composition of the rocks. Gneiss in
general is less resistant to weathering than charnockite and granite due to highly
foliated and fissile nature. The average depth of weathering in this block is 15 mts.
And the maximum is about 30 m from G.L.

6.5 Alluvium and Kankar

Occurrences of alluvium are seen whereas extensive surface cover of Kankar

is noticed . Kankar, which is a product of chemical weathering of the country rocks is
a hard, indurated, white to buff coloured material Composed of Calcium carbonate.

Precipitation is the main source of recharge which is scanty or erratic

perennial rivers or noticeable canal command system are not present for promoting
recharging.

• Quality of water is generally not potable. Excess of TDS is noticed

7
 • Tapping additional quantity of about. 125mld in the crystalline
metamorphic terrain like Coimbatore area is not at all feasible and will
affect the entire aquifer system of the area.
• Formulation of WSIS for Coimbatore Corporation based on the local
ground water or surface water is not dependable both qualitatively and
quantitatively because of the over extraction of water for domestic,
Agricultural and Industrial purposes as well as deterioration of water
quality in the years of summer period.
• Hence a sustainable and assured source of water from Pillur Dam is
recommended to satisfy the increasing demand of drinking water,
particularly in this area, where scarcity of water is being experienced
during the years of scanty and erratic rainfall.

6.6 Quality of Ground Water

The chemical quality of ground water in the district is generally influenced by

recharge, draft and nature of soils, irrigation practices etc.,
In order to study the chemical quality of ground water and evaluate the
suitability for drinking purposes, the water quality monitoring is being done in the
bore well at Coimbatore Corporation.(Selvapuram and Ondipudur observation wells
of TWAD Board)
High values of TDS are noticed which are more than permissible limit. The
chemical parameters observed at Coimbatore Corporationare as follows:
Table 2

2004 2005 2006

Jan. May Jan. May Jan. May
1) Total 3990 4375 3640 4368 3934 3433
Dissolved
solids

6.7 Surface water

6.7.1 River Water and Drainage ( Hydrology )

In this semi-arid of Coimbatore Corporation, rainfall pattern is very scattered

and scanty. River Noyyal is flowing in the south east of corporation and it is

8
ephemeral in nature and completely polluted. Sanganur Pallam Odai, a tributary of
Noyyal is flowing in the heart of the city and it is also heavily polluted.
6.7.2 Tanks / Lakes

There are 9 Tanks namely Periyatank, Kumarasamy tank, Selvampathi tank,

Narasampathi tank, Krishnampathy tank, Selvachinthamani tank, Valan tank,
Amman tank, Singanallur tank located within Coimbatore Corporation area forming
Noyyal system. These are the main sources of recharge of the ground water in the
Corporation.
6.7.3 Canals

There is no perennial canal system traversing in the area for promoting

ground water potential for the sustainability of the existing sources.
7.0 Climate and Rainfall. :
The climatic condition is moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious
owing to its proximity to the continuous stretch of hills covered with thick forests and
the cool breeze blowing through the Palghat gap during the monsoon. The average
maximum and minimum temperatures are 39.6° C and 17.3°C, respectively. The
area receives rainfall mainly from North East monsoon and the contribution from
South West is marginal only. Nearly 55% of the rainfall receives from North East
monsoon. The average normal rainfall of Coimbatore is 623.00 mm whereas it is
714.00 mm for Coimbatore District. The actual rainfall figures from the years 1991 to
2005 in Coimbatore Block nearest rain gauge station are shown in Table 3:
Table No.3
Annual Rainfall figures in Coimbatore Block
Rainfall in Rainfall in
Year Year
millimeter millimeter
1991 359.30 1999 621.00
1992 685.80 2000 496.10
1993 520.90 2001 702.30
1994 863.60 2002 531.90
1995 561.80 2003 649.50
1996 783.30 2004 925.00
1997 882.70 2005 830.60
1998 923.50

9
7.1 Location Details

The geographical location details of Coimbatore Corporation as per Survey

of India topographical map are:

Latitude : 10o58’00” N

Longitude : 76o58’ 00”E

Fig 2

Metupalayam Sathy Road

Thadagam
Avinashi
65 72

66
71
60 63 3
61 62
64
67 70 17
69 1
68
59 34 Avarampalayam
33 2
32 30 Peelamedu

18
57 29
31
19 16
49 35 9
58 20
50 28 10 4

36 21 15
51 48
27
47 26
52 8 5
56 46 37 22 11
45 25 14
55 38 23 AD
44 T RICHY RO

Trichy
53 40
43 41 39 24
6

Perur Road
7
42
54 13

Cochin Road 12

Figure 2.2: Linkage & Connectivity - Coimbatore

8.0 Population Trends and Urbanization

The population of Coimbatore City is 9.3 lakhs as per the 2001 census. The
population has grown from 0.47 lakhs in 1911 to 9.3 lakhs by the year 2001 with an
average annual growth rate of 2.7 % and an average decadal growth rate of 27.34%.
The population of Coimbatore is more than a Million by the end of 2005. The
population of the Local Planning Authority works out to be about 16.4 lakhs

10
 Figure 3: Population Growth Rate
The availability of Population Growth Rate
power, clubbed with 20

raw material availability

15

% of growth
for textile processing,
from 1935 has led to 10

the establishment of
5
many industries
thereby resulting in a 0
1961 1971 Year 1981 1991 2001
nearly 52% increase in
population between Year Growth Rate
1941-1951.

The city has registered the highest decadal growth rate of 49.2 % between the
period 1971-1981. This is attributed to the up gradation of Coimbatore Municipality to
the status of Corporation, whereby additional areas were included in its jurisdiction
shows the population Growth Rate of Coimbatore Corporation. The administrative
wards are furnished in Map 4.

The total area of Coimbatore Corporation is 105.60 Sq.km.Coimbatore

Corporation comprises 72 wards. The population details of the wards are shown in
Table 4
Table No.4

Wardwise Population of Coimbatore Corporation

Sl. No. Ward No. Population –census 2001

1. 1 13218
2. 2 13663
3. 3 13534
4. 4 18398
5. 5 14201
6. 6 14632
7. 7 14663
8. 8 11037
9. 9 17753
10. 10 16768
11. 11 14889
12. 12 12326

11
13. 13 15097
14. 14 11935
15. 15 13505
16. 16 21525
17. 17 18294
18. 18 13126
19 19 15451
20 20 8602
21 21 12746
22 22 14213
23 23 15320
24 24 11542
25 25 9532
26 26 14810
27 27 11495
28 28 10035
29 29 9997
30 30 9243
31 31 8886
32 32 9290
33 33 11825
34 34 15954
35 35 6155
36 36 11022
37 37 7081
38 38 6781
39 39 6349
40 40 10911
41 41 8072
42 42 12336
43 43 12086
44 44 14057
45 45 8724
46 46 10019
47 47 10042
48 48 9771
49 49 10613
50 50 5677
51 51 9156
52 52 12451
53 53 13461
54 54 26056
55 55 12901
56 56 15425
57 57 14466
58 58 11146
59 59 13868
60 60 13282

12
 61 61 15085
62 62 10821
63 63 10490
64 64 9810
65 65 11640
66 66 21799
67 67 12863
68 68 5668
69 69 20917
70 70 16153
71 71 11058
72 72 32360
TOTAL 930882

13
FIG 4 : Administrative wards of Coimbatore Corporation
Overlay Legend

Above 45000 Persons/Sq.Km

25001 - 45000 Persons/Sq.Km

65 72 15001 - 25000 Persons/Sq.Km

66 10001 - 15000 Persons/Sq.Km

71
63
60
61
62 17 3 8831 - 10000 Persons/Sq.Km
64
67
1
68 69 70 Below 8830 Persons/Sq.Km
34
33 2
59 32 30
57 35 18

29
31
16
49 19
10 4
58 50 28 20 9

51 36
21
48 15
27
47
26 8
52 14
46 37 22 11 5
56 45
25 23
38
53 44
55
40
43 41 24
39 7
42 6
12
54 13

14
Fig 5: Coimbatore Localplanning area Map

15
 Municipal Corporation manages delivery of services in all 72 wards
withincorporation limits, covering an area of 105.6 sq. Km. The City is divided into four
Zones namely, North Zone, South Zone, West Zone, and East Zone with 18 wards
each and as tabulated below in Table 5.

Table 5: Zone wise Details of Municipal Corporation

Zone Area Population Density

Sq.Km Nos Persons / Sq.Km
North Zone 28.1 256,434 9,115
East Zone 33.0 261,889 7,945
South Zone 21.5 202,021 9,383
West Zone 22.8 210,538 9,235

Source: Analysis

It can be noted from Table 5 that, North South and West zones have equitable
density of about 9200 persons per Sq.Km, while the east zone has density of about
7945 owing to its bigger area when compared to the other zones.

1. The summary of density pattern is tabulated below in Table 6.

Table 2.5: Summary of Density Range Number of Wards

Pattern-Coimbatore ensity
Pattern
(Persons per Sq.Km) Nos.
Very Low 0-8830 20
Low 3062 - 10000 3
Medium 10000-15000 16
High 15000-25000 18
Very High 25000-45000 10
Saturated >45000 5

9.0 EXISTING SEWERAGE FACILITIES

Presently, there is an Under Ground Sewerage System covering Zones I, II,

and III of Coimbatore Corporation was completed in the year 1998 is in operation.And
for the Zones IV,V and VI separate Under Ground Sewerage System Scheme is now
under finalisation . After finalisation, the work would be taken up for execution under
JNNURM programme.
The proposed water supply system, now based on 135 litres / capita / day, will
create larger volume of domestic waste water (sewage) with increasing population,
day by day. The existing open drainage system will not be capable to handle the
increasing sewage flow for the coming years and it will definitely require sewerage

16
system. If this is not taken proper care with advance planning by the Corporation, the
acute problems of health and hygiene of the Corporation dwellers will be created. As
such, to cope up with such serious problems of environmental pollution and
degradation of the local ecology along with the health of the public, the Corporation
shall have to take precautionary measures with advance planning for the control and
abatement of such serious problems as well as water borne diseases etc. As such,
the full fledged underground sewage system is a must with adequate numbers of lift
station and full fledged sewage treatment plant with proper and scientific disposal
system; so as not to create any environmental pollution problems due to disposal of
sewage of this Corporation in the surrounding area.
10.0 EXISTING STORM WATER DRAINAGE FACILITIES

In Coimbatore Corporation, at present, there is full-fledged storm water

drainage facilities in most of the parts. . At present, the storm (rain) water also find its
own way towards the nearby Sanganur Pallam odai and ultimately joins with the
Noyyal river at Singanallur area as per the configuration of the Corporation area
Besides, during the heavy rainfall time and frequent flash flood situations in the
Corporation area which may require the system for the quick disposal of the rain
waters and also to prevent any damage to life, properties, business, transportation
etc. of the Corporation substantially under normal conditions.
Now, the sullage and part of sewage are collected through the storm water
drains and finally find its own way towards the nearby Noyyal river through canal
system of Noyyal river.

11.00 PRESENT AS WELL AS PROJECTED FUTURE POPULATION OF

COIMBATORE

This project is proposed to provide water supply for the projected future
population for the design period of 30 years i.e. for the year 2036 AD. The design
period for the proposed system is considered from the base year of 2006 AD.

The past census figures of population of Coimbatore Corporation from the year
1971 to 2001 are shown in Table No.7 along with the decadal population increase and
the percentage variations of population.

17
 Table No.7
Population Increase and Decadal percentage variations of population of
Coimbatore Corporationas per census figures (from year 1971 to 2001)

Decadal
Population of
Increase in Percentage
Sl.No. Census year Coimbatore
population variation in
Corporation
(Nos.) population
1 1971 571956 -
2 1981 704514 132558 ( + ) 23.18%
3 1991 816321 111807 ( + ) 15.87%
4 2001 930882 114561 ( + ) 14.00%

Various standard methods for future population projections viz.,

• Arithmetical Increase Method

• Geometrical Increase Method
• Incremental Increase Method
• Graphical Method
• Line of Best Fit Method
• Exponential Method
• Decadal Growth Method

have been adopted as per CPHEEO ‘Manual on Water Supply and Treatment’,
Ministry of Urban Department, New Delhi (Third Edition – May 1999) for the estimation
of the anticipated population of Coimbatore Corporation for different years for
comparison. The detailed calculations for these methods are worked out, as well as
the graphs are also plotted

The projected future population of Coimbatore Corporation by various methods

of population estimation, as discussed above, are shown in Table No.8
Table No.8

Projected
future Arith- Geo- Incremen
Line of Expo- Decadal
Sl. population Metical Metrical tal Graphical
Best Fit nential growth
No. of increase increase increase method
method method method
Coimbatore method method method
for the years

1 2006 1001392 1009677 990068 1000000 1124540 994054 996202

2 2021 1212924 1288387 1122328 1250000 1568556 1210475 1192162
3 2036 1424455 1644032 1186640 1600000 2187888 1474014 1388122

18
There are three main factors, responsible for changes (growth or reduction) in
population. They are –
Births
Deaths
Migrations

All these factors are influenced by social and economical considerations

and conditions prevailing in various communities of the area. For example, birth rates
may decrease due to extensive family planning practices and legalized abortions.
Spread of education and development of extra recreational facilities for community
also tend to reduce the birth rates. Similarly, the death rates may also decrease with
the development and advance of medical science as well as medical facilities, thereby
controlling infant mortality rates and adult death rates due to control of infectious as
well as water-borne diseases. However, the migrations of people from rural areas,
other part of district are dependent upon the commercialization or industrialization as
well as urbanization of a particular Corporationr city. People, generally, migrate from
villages to Corporations and cities, where more opportunities of various types of jobs
are available. Besides, where better facilities of secondary and higher education,
health and housing, medical, transport as well as basic infrastructure facilities of water
supply, drainage, roads, lights etc. are available, people will be attracted to migrate to
such places even for upgrading their economical as well as social status with
upgraded living standards. All these varying influences make the task of predicting
future population very very difficult and highly unexact and also to evaluate all
theseeconomic and social factors. It is therefore more common to rely upon
mathematical formulae and graphical solutions, based on previous population records.

Various mathematical population projection methods are available forestimating

future population of a particular Corporation/city. However, any particular method to
be adopted for a particular case or for a particular Corporation or city depends largely
on various development factors and the selection is left to the discretion of the
designer. However, as pointed out, even none of these methods is exact and they are
all based on the law of probably and thus, only approximate estimates for the possible
future populations can be made.

Under these circumstances, we have now to depend upon the rate of

urbanization in Tamilnadu state. As discussed earlier in para 2.0 of this report, the
rapid rates of urbanization in Tamilnadu in last three decades are as under:

19
 Table 9

Rate of urbanization in
Decade percentage of total population
of state
1971 38.64%
1981 27.98%
1991 19.59%
2001 42.79%

This rate of urbanization is expected to go high in coming three decades

forTamilnadu, considering the fast development of the state with prestigious projects,
road improvement programme, power projects, communication, industrialization etc.

Apart from the higher percentage of urbanization of larger cities like Chennai,
Madurai,Trichy and Tiruppur which are growing faster, the Corporation like
Coimbatore etc. also cannot escape from the effect of urbanization. Considering the
development in this area, it is expected that the present population of 923085of the
year 2001 may reach to more than 1474000 in the year 2036 AD, depending upon
the development programme to be implemented by various authorities and
commercial importance and industrial growth.
Besides, the past development under the prevailing conditions also indicates
that the population as per 1971 census of Coimbatore Corporation was 571956souls;
which has increased in 3 decades i.e. in the year 2001 has reached to 930882 i.e.61
% increased over 1971 Census population. With the same similarity and with better
scope now for the development of these area, the population of Coimbatore of
930882 of the year 2001 may expect to cross a figure of more than 1644032
population by the year 2036 (for period of 3.5 decades).
Considering the prospects of various development in this area, the population
estimation by the Geometrical increase method for Coimbatore Corporation nearly
tallies with above projected population, in comparison to arithmetic increase method,
incremental increase method ,semi log method, graphical method, line of best fit
method, Decadal growth method etc and it is approved in the Coimbatore City
Development Plan.
Therefore, the projected population estimation by this method for Coimbatore
Corporation are adopted as shown in Table No.10

20
 Table No.10

Adopted projected population figures for the year 2036 for Coimbatore Corporation

Projected Population of Coimbatore

Sl.No. Projected Population
CorporationCorporationfor the years
1 2001 (Census year) 930882
2 2006 (Base year) 1009677
3 2021 (Intermediate Stage) 1288387
4 2036 (Ultimate stage) 1644032

12.00 Literacy and Sex Ratio

As per 2001 census, the percentage of literacy in Coimbatore Corporation is

83.07%. The literacy rate of the town is significantly high when compared to the
average Corporation literacy rate of 82.45% and urban literacy rate of 82.07 %. Sex
ratio has also been on the decrease since 1901. The highest during the year 1901
(1046 females per 1,000 males) and lowest during the year 1961 (921 females for
1,000 males).

13.0 PILLUR RESERVOIR – A RELIABLE SOURCE FOR COIMBATORE

CORPORATIONCORPORATION

Pillur Dam is constructed in Bhavani River, a tributary of Cauvery. The Dam is

located in the downstream of the confluence point of its main tributary Kundha River
which originates in the Nilgiris hills of western ghats. The average rainfall of the basin
is ranging from 1000 mm to 4000 mm. The catchment of the river lies in both
Tamilnadu and Kerala states and forms part of the western ghats.
3 Nos. of hydel power projects are located in the upstream of Pillur Dam.

The major tributaries like Siruvani,

Kodingiyar, Varahapallam,

Intake well cum pumphouse at

Pillur reservoir

21
 Kundha River are confluencing in river Bhavani in the upstream of Pillur Dam.
The total storage capacity of Pillur Dam is 1566 mcft and FRL is 426.72 m and Dead
Storage level is 356.60 m. The minimum inflow into the Dam is 600 cusecs. About
53.65 cusecs(131.25 mld) is already tapped for Pillur I Scheme. So another 53.65
cusecs(131.25 mld) may be safely tapped from the Dam for Pillur II Scheme.
The Total requirement for Dedicated water supply scheme for Coimbatore
Corporation is 131.25 mld . In absence of any adequate and sustainablelocal sources
in this area the long distance surface source Pillur Reservoir is absolutely required to
be utilized.

14.0 PROJECT STRATEGY

Most reliable source of water supply – i.e. Pillur Reservoir water is considered
for this project; so as to ensure long term sustainability of the scheme for the design
period.
The water supply at the rate of 135 litres / capita / day has been considered for
this project.
While preparing this report, technical guidelines, stipulated in the revised
“Manual on Water Supply and Treatment – May 1999” have been considered. The
computer outputs for design of ECP have been incorporated in the report.
The ‘C’ values, as recommended for the design purpose by the “Manual on
Water Supply and Treatment” – May 1999 have been adopted for the designs for this
water supply project.
The cost estimates for this report is based on TWAD Board Schedule of Rates
for 2006-07 and local rates.
15.0 WATER DEMAND – PRESENT AND FUTURE

The base year for the proposed scheme is taken as 2006 and the ultimate
stage water demand for Coimbatore Corporation is as shown in Table No.11
Table No.11

Sl.No. Description Requirement

1 Ultimate population in the year 2036 16,44,032

2 Demand at 135 lpcd 221.944 MLD

3 Demand including losses @ 15% 255.236 MLD
4 Industrial and Commercial demand 17.250 MLD
5 Sub total 272.486 MLD

22
 6 Deduct supply from existing Siruvani 85.000 MLD
scheme
7 Balance Requirement 187.486 MLD

The water that could be drawn from Pillur Reservoir for this scheme is 125.00
mld due to the carrying capacity of Raw water and clear water tunnel. Hence this
scheme is designed for intermediate stage only. The intermediate stage demand of
Coimbatore Corporation is as shown in Table No.12
Table No.12

Sl.No. Description Requirement

1 Intermediate population in the year 12,88,387
2021
2 Demand at 135 lpcd 173.932 MLD
3 Demand including losses @ 15% 200.022 MLD

4 Industrial and Commercial demand 9.978 MLD

5 Sub total 210.000 MLD
6 Deduct supply from existing Siruvani 85.000 MLD
scheme
7 Balance Requirement 125.000 MLD

16.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

16.1 General

Design standards adopted for the water supply improvement scheme shall be
in accordance with guidelines specified in the CPHEEO manual. A design period of
15 years is considered for designing the water supply improvement scheme. A per
capita demand of 135 lpcd is adopted based on the source availability .
16.2 Design Criteria –
Head works:
24 hours pumping is proposed since separate electric feeder main is
available
Raw water and clear water pumpsets are designed for intermediate
stage

Tunnel

The existing Raw and Clear water tunnels are adequate for Pillur I
scheme and the proposed scheme .

23
Treatment Plant

New treatment plant is proposed for ultimate stage due to limited

availability of land.

Raw Water & Clear Water Transmission Main

Selection of Pipe Material

In practice, metallic and non-metallic pipes are in usage depending upon the
need and requirements for conveyance of water. Following factors are considered for
selection of pipe materials.
• Hydraulic smoothness (c)
• Ability to withstand internal / external pressure and surge pressure
• There should not be any difficulty in handling and lowering of pipes
• Corrosion resistance
• Depending upon the type of soil including Black cotton soil prevalent in
some reaches
• Pipe jointing materials should be effective and reliable
• Trouble-free maintenance operation should be ensured
• Availability of specials
• Economy in cost
• Economic calculations of pumping main using Computer software
programme.

MS pipes are proposed for pumping mains .In gravity mains PSC pipes are
proposed and MS pipes are proposed in the black cotton soil reaches and NH
roads where vehicular density is high
Hazen Williams’s Coefficient
The value of Hazen Williams’s Coefficient ‘C’ for the proposed PSC and MS
lined pipe materials for use in the raw water and clear water transmission
main is 140 upto 1200mm and 145 above 1200mm
Master Service Reservoirs
New Master Service Reservoir of 30.00LL capacity is proposed in addition to the
existing Master Service Reservoir of 30.00LL capacity with 18.55 m staging height.
Infrastructural facilities to Coimbatore Corporation such as Feeder mains, Zonal
Service Reservoirs and Distribution system including strengthening and rewamping of
existing Distribution system throughout corporation area comes under Phase II.

24
 All the components from intake well upto Master Service Reservoir is now
considered in the project under Phase I.

17.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE PROJECT :

17.1 HEAD WORKS.

The proposal for drawing 131.25 mld additionally from the Pillur reservoir has
been cleared by the Water Utilisation Committee of Public Works Department of Govt.
of TamilNadu.
Existing Intake well with pump house of 21 m dia in Pillur reservoir will be
utilised. Intake well consist of bottom shaft of 18.0m dia and the upper shaft consist of
21.0m dia.Pump house of dia 21.0 m and 9.32 m height from the roof slab of the well
The Foot valve level of the pumpset is 403.500m. The floor level is 429.50 m. The
FRL of the reservoir is 426.720 m.
17.2 RAW WATER PUMPSET

Supply, delivery and erection of 6 Nos. of Raw water Turbine pumpset of duty
46500 lpm against the head of 53.00 m each 4 Nos. run parallel and 2 Nos standby
are proposed for intermediate stage. The foot valve level of pumpset is 403.500m.
17.3 RAW WATER PUMPING MAIN
Existing Raw water pumping main of 1500 mm dia MS pipes for a length of
480 m upto Tunnel entry from Collection well is utilized.
17.4 RAW WATER TUNNEL
The existing raw water tunnel of 3850
m length is proposed to be utilized for this
scheme and also for the proposed Augmentation
of water supply scheme to Palladam
Municipality, 23 Town Panchayats and 965 rural
habitations with Pillur Reservoir as source. The
existing raw water tunnel was constructed for
the ultimate requirements of 262.50 mld. Hence
a separate Tunnel is not required.
Raw water Tunnel
17.5 RAW WATER GRAVITY MAIN
A Raw water main of 1500 mm dia PSC main from Raw water tunnel exit to
Treatment work site for a length of 1050 m is proposed

25
17.6 RAW WATER QUALITY
Raw water quality observed for the past 6 months are tabulated below;
Table 13
Sl.No. Parameter Range
1 Turbidity 0-56
2 PH 6.5-7.9
3 Iron 0-7.2
4 TDS 60-86

17.7 TREATMENT PLANT

A treatment plant of capacity 131.25 mld is proposed to be constructed
adjacent to the existing treatment plant of 131.25 mld at Velliangadu. The details of
various components of the treatment plant are as detailed below:-
17.8 PLAIN SEDIMENTATION TANK:
A Plain Sedimentation Tank comprising 8 unit (7 Nos. + 1 No. standby) of each
unit 60 m x 12 m x 3.5 m with inlet arrangements of 600 mm dia CI pipes are
proposed. Surface loading adopted as 26042 lpd / sq.m. Sludge withdrawal
arrangements with 150 mm dia CI pipe is proposed. The full supply level at this Plain
Sedimentation Tank will be 438.000 m.

17.9 AERATOR

The raw water will flow through cascade multiple tray type aerator in order to
remove the odour, iron, etc. The diameter of the trays are given below:

1st tray : 3m
2nd tray : 6m
3rd tray : 9m
4th tray : 12 m
Collection channel : 15 m

As the aerator is above G.L. column and column footings

are proposed.
Cascade Aerator

26
17.10 STILLING CHAMBER

6.0 m dia Stilling chamber is proposed to maintain the steady flow in the
measuring device. The effective depth of chamber will be 3.6 m. The total depth is
4.0m including 0.40 m free board.

17.11 RAW WATER MEASURING CHANNEL

From the Stilling chamber water will flow through RCC open channel of 2.7m
width and 20 m length. Apart from the Parshall flume an automatic measuring device
with all its accessories will be provided. The floor slope will be 1 in 10.

17.12 DIVIDING CHAMBER

The water from measuring channel will flow through dividing chamber of 6.10
m dia in order to bifurcate the flow to two flash mixers. The total depth will be 4 .20m.

17.13 FLASH MIXER

From Dividing chamber the water will flow through bottom of flash mixer
wherein alum solution will be thoroughly mixed with raw water. The flash mixer
(2 Nos.) will be of 4.0 m dia and 4.10 m depth. A weir will be provided at the outlet of
flash mixer to admit water fall so as to ensure proper mixing of alum. The flash mixer
is provided with a central slab on which the mixing motors will be located.

17.14 CLARIFLOCCULATOR

Two numbers of
clariflocculators are proposed. The
diameter of flocculator will be 25 m
and clarifier will be 60.50 m. The
water depth at the periphery will be
3.0 m. The floor is provided with a
slope of 1 in 12 and cleaning will be
done hydrostatically by telescopic
Clariflocculator
arrangements. The clarifier will be provided with M.S. bridge mechanism with
scrapper running on rails and from the bridge the paddles will be hung in the
flocculator chamber. The water from clarifier will flow into outlet channel through V
notch.

27
17.15 FILTER HOUSE

The clarified water from the clariflocculator will pass through the RCC channel
and flow into rapid gravity filter. 20 Nos. of twin type filter (2 Nos. being standby)
(each filter of size 6.5 m x 8 m) have been proposed in two rows. A filtered water
channel will be provided at centre. The total depth of filter media will be 1.2 m. The
filter beds will have under drains outlet chamber, wash water inlet, waste water outlet
etc.

17.16 WASH WATER TANK

A wash water tank of 8 lakh litres capacity is proposed for this treatment plant
for back washing. An Annex building to house pump set, office etc. will be
constructed adjoining the filter house.

17.17 CHEMICAL HOUSE

The Chemical house is proposed to store 3 months stock of chemicals and also
to have three nos. of alum and lime tanks. The chemical shall be stored in the ground
floor and the solution tanks will be at first floor of the Chemical House.

17.18 PRE AND POST CHLORINATION

A separate chlorination room has been provided to store the chlorine cylinder.
17.19 CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR

A Clear Water Reservoir of 52.00 Lakh Litres capacity of Two compartments of

25 m x 35 m each is proposed to be constructed with detention time of 1 hour.

17.20 SUMP-CUM-PUMP HOUSE

The sump cum pump house will be constructed at treatment works site to
accommodate heavy duty pumpsets at the treatment works site at Velliangadu. The
size of the pump room is 21.00 m x 6.00 m .The motors will be placed at 3.00 m c/c
over the floor slab of the sump. Accordingly the beams for the floor slab are arranged
at c/c spacing of 2.50 m, 1.15 m, 1.85 m, 1.75 m, 1.85 m etc.
The size of sump is 28.66 m x 10.25 m. The FVL of sump is 422.6m.

28
It is also proposed to construct the following rooms.

1) M.V. switch gear room of size 12.00 m x 7.00 m x 4.00 m

2) H.V. group control switch gear room of size 6.00 m x 6.00 m x 4.00 x 4.00 m
3) Battery room of size 3.66 m x 3.66 m x 4.00 m

17.21 STAFF QUARTERS

5 Nos. of ‘B’ type (Twin type) and 5 Nos. of ‘C’ type (Twin type) quarters are
proposed to be constructed at treatment works site.
17.22 CLEAR WATER PUMPSETS

Supply, delivery and erection of 6 Nos. of Clear water Turbine pump set of
duty 21702 lpm against the head of 75.00 m each , 4 Nos. run parallel and 2 Nos
standby are proposed for intermediate stage.

17.23 CLEAR WATER TRANSMISSION MAIN

The treated quantity of 125 mld is proposed to be pumped through proposed

Clear water transmission main of size 1100 mm dia MS Pipes of various classes as
detailed below:.
0 - 540 540 1100 mm dia MS 16 KSC
540 - 1860 1320 1100 mm dia MS 20 KSC
1860 - 2430 570 1100 mm dia MS 22 KSC
2430 - 3900 1470 1100 mm dia MS 22 KSC
3900 - 4260 360 1100 mm dia MS 16 KSC
4260 - 4500 240 1100 mm dia MS 18 KSC
4500 - 5460 960 1100 mm dia MS 20 KSC
5460 - 5850 390 1100 mm dia MS 22 KSC
5850 - 7350 1500 1100 mm dia MS 24 KSC
7350 - 7740 390 1100 mm dia MS 24 KSC
7740 - 8100 360 1100 mm dia MS 22 KSC
8100 - 9300 1200 1100 mm dia MS 20 KSC
9300 - 10080 780 1100 mm dia MS 20 KSC
10080 - 10650 570 1100 mm dia MS 18 KSC
10650 - 10740 90 1100 mm dia MS 16 KSC
10740 - 10870 130 1100 mm dia MS 14 KSC

29
 MS Pipe alone is proposed now considering the problems being encountered
during the maintenance of the Pillur I scheme. The topography of the clear water pipe
line profile from Velliangadu to Kattan Hills is not in uniformly rising grade but with
more undulations with steep dip and rise. Considering the aspects like peculiar type
of alignment profile, huge size of the pumping main, high working pressure, surge
effects, water hammer effects, higher discharge and reliability of the pipe line in the
long run, MS Pipes are proposed. The same is cleared by Regional Technical
Committee held on 16-9-2004. Further, provision for Surge Protection Measures is
included in the scheme.

17.24 CLEAR WATER TUNNEL

The existing Clear water tunnel of 800 m length is proposed to be utilized for
this scheme and also for the proposed Augmentation of water supply scheme to
Palladam Municipality, 23 Town Panchayats and 965 rural habitations with Pillur
Reservoir as source.
From Clear water tunnel exit to Sathy road crossing (i.e. upto LS 28769 m) a
new main to Coimbatore Corporation of size 1500 mm dia PSC/ MS Pipes of various
classes as detailed below has been proposed to carry the total requirement of 125.00
mld, (86806 lpm) for Coimbatore Corporation at Ultimate stage (2036). In Pillur I
Scheme from LS 18500 m to LS 26000 m reach, frequent bursts and leaks are being
encountered due to the expansive nature of black cotton soil present. Considering
the operation and maintenance problems experienced , it is now proposed to lay the
1500 mm MS pipe in the above reach. As per the opinion of the PSG Collage of
Technology Coimbatote, it is also proposed to make trenches upto 4.25 m depth
below Ground level or where the clay ends in between LS 21250 m to LS 22250 m
which is considered as more critical reach and to refill this critical reach ( LS 21250 m
to 22250 m) with non expansive soil upto middle of pipe from the bottom of trench.
(Level between bottom of pit and 2.75 m from Ground level (middle of MS pipe). The
above proposal was cleared by Regional Technical Committee on 12-10-2004 at
Coimbatore.

30
 Proposed clear water transmission main from CW Tunnel exit to LS 28769m in
Sathy road crossing at Karattumedu

11670 - 12300 630 1500 mm dia PSC 6 KSC

12300 - 12660 360 “ 6 KSC
12660 - 13995 1335 “ 10 KSC
13995 - 15900 1905 “ 12 KSC
15900 - 17055 1155 “ 14 KSC
17055 - 18500 1445 “ 16 KSC
18500 - 20175 1675 1500 mm dia MS 12 KSC
20175 - 22485 2310 “ 14 KSC
22485 - 26000 3515 “ 16 KSC
26000 - 27609 1609 1500 mm dia PSC 16 KSC
27609 - 28389 780 “ 14 KSC
28389 - 28769 380 “ 12 KSC

17.25 FEEDER MAIN UPTO MASTER SERVICE RESERVOIR(MSR):

From LS 28769 m at Sathy road crossing it is proposed to lay 1200 mm and

1000 mm dia MS pipes of various classes for a length of 6600 m as detailed below
upto proposed MSR at Ramakrishnapuram and in addition to the existing 1000 mm
PSC main to the existing MSR.

0 - 3240 - 3240 1200 mm dia MS 12 KSC

3240 - 4260 - 1020 1200 mm dia MS 14 KSC
4260 - 5100 - 840 1200 mm dia MS 12 KSC
5100 - 6017 - 917 1200 mm dia MS 10 KSC
6017 - 6600 - 583 1000 mm dia MS 10 KSC

Now the existing 1000 mm PSC main upto existing MSR at

Ramakrishnapuram will carry only 30000 lpm and hence the proposed 1200mm MS
main is designed to carry 56806 lpm.
Further an additional 700 mm CI main is proposed to be laid from the proposed
1200mm MS main at LS 6017 m to the existing MSR to supplement a quantity of
16397 lpm while the proposed 1000mm MS main will carry 30786 lpm beyond LS
6017 m to the proposed MSR at Ramakrishnapuram.
The requirement of 9623 lpm for the high level zone 3 SRs and 4 Sumps will
be tapped at LS 6017m of proposed main to the new MSR.

31
 The existing Main of 1000 mm dia PSC at Karattumedu is proposed to be
delinked from the existing transmission main and to be linked with the proposed
Transmission main.

17.26 MASTER SERVICE RESERVOIR OF 30 LAKH LITRES CAPACITY AT

RAMAKRISHNAPURAM

The Master Service Reservoir of 30 lakh litres capacity is proposed to be

constructed at Ramakrishnapuram which is a Corporation land. The MWL of reservoir
will be 448.050 m and the LWL of the reservoir will be 444.050 m. The average
ground level of the site proposed is 425.500 m. The staging height is 18.55 m.
The Master Service Reservoir will be in 2 compartments. The inner
compartment is 24.00 m (Clear dia) and the outer compartment is 31.46 m (clear
dia).

18.00 LAND AVAILABILITY:

Treatment Plant: New treatment plant is proposed to be constructed in the
already acquired site adjacent to existing plant at Velliankadu in Pillur I
Scheme. .Available Site area is 420m x150 m

Raw and Clear Water Mains: To be laid on the other side of service road
already acquired along the cross country in the existing Pillur I scheme

Master Service Reservoir: Proposed to be constructed in the land

belonging to the Corporation.

19.00 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT

This proposal does not involve any rehabilitation and resettlement since all the
infrastructures are proposed to be located in Govt. lands /TWAD lands/Local body
lands

20.00 DISASTER RELATED RISK ASSESSMENT AND COUNTER MEASURES

Service Reservoirs are designed to resist the earthquake and other natural
disasters

32
21.0 SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISTION SYSTEM(SCADA):
To minimize unaccounted water and efficient monitoring of the system during
operation and maintenance of the scheme, SCADA system is incorporated in this
project
22.00 RAIN WATER HARVESTING:
The Rain Water Harvesting structures has been done in all the buildings of this
Corporation in the year 2003.Now it is made mandatory to install rain water
harvesting structures in the newly constructed buildings.

23.00 UNACCOUNTED FOR WATER AND LEAK DETECTION:

The leaks in the distribution system and feeder mains are attended frequently
and hence the percentage of unaccounted water in this Corporation at present is 19%.
Revamping of existing Distribution system and proposed will be taken up in Phase II.

24.00 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP:

The NGOs in this Corporation are voluntarily helping the Corporation in keeping
the water supply installations clean and hygiene. Public are trained to utilize the water
judiciously and inform the local body immediately whenever leakages of pipeline
noticed.

25.00 Environmental impacts in city:

25.1 Water Pollution.

The City lies within the watershed expanse of the Noyyal River Basin and
consists of a network of tanks and canals. About 18 tanks in around the city act as
storage and percolation tanks and are major sources of ground water used for
domestic and industrial activities. Canals that act as natural drainage courses, serves
as storm water drains for the city.

An analysis of nine water bodies of city by a local NGO indicates that most of the
water bodies are contaminated. The discharge of industrial and domestic effluents,
encroachments of tank and canal beds, reclamation and exploitation of ground water
are some of the important factors causing damage to these water bodies. A key factor
responsible for polluting the water bodies is the discharge of untreated effluents from
small- scale industrial units lacking in adequate individual treatment facilities. With
major water bodies being polluted, an immediate effect is noticed on the health of the

33
vulnerable communities residing on the banks of the canals and tanks.

Further, there is a risk of contamination to ground water, resulting from over

exploitation of ground water by domestic and industrial users.

25.2 Air Pollution.

The principal sources of Air pollution in Coimbatore are from vehicular

emissions, industrial emissions and construction related activities. Industrial emissions
are mainly from the foundries and small scale industries located within the city. Most
of the large industries have installed pollution control equipment like air filters,
electrostatic precipitators, etc. whereas the small-scale ones lack these devices. In
addition, the impact of emissions manifested from levels of Total Suspended Particles
and Carbon Monoxide cannot be quantified due to the absence of data. The Tamil
Nadu Pollution Control Board limits its monitoring to the individual industry level and is
specific for large industries alone.

25.3 Pollution from Solid and Hazard Wastes.

The main causes for pollution include increasing household and commercial
wastes as well as hazardous wastes from the industrial activities. However, the
Corporation is making efforts to ensure collection and disposal of the same,
inadequacies in operations results in accumulation of wastes. Inability to dispose
waste in a scientific manner has been a prime major factor resulting in pollution. In
addition, hazardous wastes and medical wastes are disposed along with the domestic
wastes without any separation at the source posing a potential health hazard. The
disposal facilities at Mettupalyam Road and Ukkadam are devoid of facilities and the
wastes are disposed in an unscientific manner. The city does not have a sanitary
landfill and the disposal points are close to the residential areas causing grave danger
to the health of the nearby residents.

26.0 PROJECT COST

26.1 Basis of Costing

The project cost of the proposed improvements to the Water Supply System of
Coimbatore Corporation has been estimated based on the following:
• TWAD Board Standard Schedule of Rates (SOR) – 2006-07
• Highways Dept. Standard schedule of rates for 2006-2007
• Quotations received from reputed firms

34
26.2 Project Cost

A summary of the estimated cost for the proposed improvements is furnished in

Table 18.
TABLE 18 SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATE

Amount
Sl.No. Description Rs. in
Lakhs
Raw Water Pumpset of duty 46500 lpm x 53 m head - 6 Nos
1 ( 2 Nos standby) & Clear water Pumpset of duty 21702 lpm x 1427.00
75 m head - 6 Nos ( 2 Nos standby ) and accessories.
Raw water Gravity Main from existing Raw water Tunnel exit
2 to Treatment plant. - 1050 m 135.15
Construction of Full scale Treatment plant of capacity 131.25
3 1613.21
mld
Construction of Clear water Reservoir of capacity 52.00 LL at
4 Treatment plant site. 124.00
Construction of Sump cum pump house at Treatment plant
5 78.25
site.
Construction of Staff quarters of B type and C type at
6 Treatment plant site 68.00
Clear water Pumping Main from Treatment plant to existing
7 Clear water Tunnel entry. (LS 0 m -10870m ) 2339.00

Clear water Transmission Main from Clear water Tunnel exit -

8 LS 11670 to LS 28769 m (Sathy road crossing) and upto 4827.00
M.S.R.
Construction of Master Service Reservoir of 30 lakh litres
9 capacity at Ramakrishnapuram 298.00

10 Telemetry System 62.40

11 Provision for machineries such as excavator cum loader, tipper
and dewatering pumpset 65.00

Sub Total - I 11043.01

Petty Supervision at 2.5% 276.08

Unforeseen items at about 2.5% 276.08

Sub Total - II 11595.17

Centage charges @ 8% for Corporation. 927.61
Investigation charges. 125.00
TOTAL 12647.78

35
Abstract and detailed estimates of proposed water supply system
components are enclosed in the following annexures as listed in Table 19

TABLE 19 : LIST OF ANNEXURES

No. Description
1 Raw Water Pumpset of duty 46500 lpm x 53 m head - 6 Nos
( 2 Nos standby) & Clear water Pumpset of duty 21702 lpm x
75 m head - 6 Nos ( 2 Nos standby ) and accessories.
2 Raw water Gravity Main from existing Raw water Tunnel exit
to Treatment plant. - 1050 m
3 Construction of Full scale Treatment plant of capacity 131.25
mld
4 Construction of Clear water Reservoir of capacity 52.00 LL at
Treatment plant site.
5 Construction of Sump cum pump house at Treatment plant site.
6 Construction of Staff quarters of B type and C type at
Treatment plant site
7 Clear water Pumping Main from Treatment plant to existing
Clear water Tunnel entry. (LS 0 m -10870m )
8 Clear water Transmission Main from Clear water Tunnel exit -
LS 11670 to LS 28769 m (Sathy road crossing) and upto
M.S.R.
9 Construction of Master Service Reservoir of 30 lakh litres
capacity at Ramakrishnapuram
10 Telemetry System
11 Data for lead statement and rate analysis for materials and
works
12 Salient Details of proposed scheme to Coimbatore Corporation
13 Salient Details of existing Siruvani scheme to Coimbatore
Corporation
14 Salient Details of existing Pillur scheme to Coimbatore
Corporation
15 Population forecast statement for 2006,2021 &2036
16 General Abstract

17 Annual Maintenance Estimate (Existing and Proposed )

18 Cost per 1000 litres

19 Present worth of existing scheme
20 Demand
21 Economic size hydraulic calculations
22 Drawings
23 Pert Chart

36
27.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN

27.1 General

A well designed Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Plan for a water

supplysystem is critical to the efficient functioning of the system. Proper
implementation of the O&M plan results in low maintenance costs and ensure longer
service life of all system components.
Since the water supply system to the Siruvani Zone of Coimbatore Corporation
functions predominantly as gravity assisted system, the dependence on pump stations
and electricity is very much reducedin the Siruvani water feeding areas. However, the
Pillur Zone, which is a pumping system involves pumping at head works and
treatment plant. The critical issues that will be dealt in development of an O&M plan
shall be the maintenance of pumping stations,Treatment plant, pipelines, valves and
other appurtenances and the system of installing connections.

27.2 Existing System of O&M

The existing Siruvani scheme comprising headworks, treatment plant,

conveying gravity main upto master service reservoir is being maintained by
TamilNadu Water Supply and Drainage Board since its inception from 1982 and
internal distribution is maintained by Coimbatore Corporation . This scheme serves
western portion of the corporation.
The existing Pillur scheme comprising headworks ,treatment plant, pumpsets,
pumping/gravity mains upto master service reservoir is being maintained by
TamilNadu Water Supply and Drainage Board since its inception from 1995 and
internal distribution only is maintained by Coimbatore Corporation . This scheme
serves Eastern portion of the corporation.

27.3 Proposed O&M Plan

Proper maintenance of this water supply system will result in trouble-free

operation and long service life. Maintenance problems in WTP, pipelines normally
differ, based on location and site conditions encountered. Selection of the suitable
process of water treatment and periodical maintenance of the water supply and
distribution system is essential in ensuring that consumers get potable protected water
supply at the most economical rate with minimum breakdowns culminating in
consumer satisfaction.

37
 The objective of installing appurtenances in a piping system is to permit control
of water supply, protect pipelines and assist with periodical cleaning. Normally
installed pipe appurtenances at transmission main are described below.

27.4 Sluice valves

Sluice valves are required to control and regulate water supply and shall be
provided at regular intervals, say at a distance of minimum 1000-m on long length of
transmission mains. Defects normally reported on sluice valves are:

• Gland leaks: Gland leaks can be rectified by replacing the hemp packing
at specified intervals or through visual observation.

• Spindle damage: Unequal application of pressure results in damage to the

spindle, which can be avoided by training valve operators to operate the
valve in accordance with manufacturer recommendations on tightening
pressure. It is necessary to have spare spindles for the full range to
ensure replacement in the shortest possible time frame.

• Partial valve closure: Debris accumulated in the valve seat and around
spindle heads causes this problem and can be removed by opening the
top cover of the sluice valves. Round out of spindle heads are a direct
consequence of wear and tear and this can be reduced by using specially
prepared caps.

It is a recommended practice to provide a name plate near the curb or edge of

a footpath detailing sluice valves with location, size and direction of opening. This will
incidentally reduce the complaint regarding sluice valves getting buried during road
construction and or trench back fill. Where possible, sluice valves shall be installed
along pavements. Sluice valves in roads where there is intense traffic shall be
provided with heavy-duty CI / pre-cast concrete cover slabs to avoid intentional or
accidental damage. The longer side of the cover shall be kept parallel to the pipeline
to indicate alignment.

27.5 Scour Valves

Scour valves are provided at the bottom of pipelines (normally horizontal) and
operated to flush and drain the water mains during preventive and breakdown
maintenance.

28.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Preventive maintenance may increase the initial project cost marginally, but will
result in economical maintenance of the water supply system over the project life.

38
Specifically in the transmission main, Preventive Maintenance will increase the life of
water mains and appurtenances, which in turn will assure regular and uninterrupted
water supply to consumers. Salient points to be considered while planning are
enumerated below:

• Materials of superior quality shall be examined and implemented

accordingly.

• Newly laid transmission mains shall be regularly tested.

• Precautionary measures against corrosion shall be performed.

• Ducts shall be provided across streets in large towns to permit easy laying
of mains if required.

• Use of equipment such as submersible pumps, pipe cutting machines,

pressure cutting machines, pipe detectors, leak detectors, lighting
sets,excavators,tippers etc.

• Use of portable chlorinators

• Preparation of 'ward manuals' with details of transmission mains, valves

etc.

• Maintaining emergency labour teams to work on Sunday and holidays to

attend to emergency works.

• Liaison with other utilities for proper work co-ordination and reduced
interference.

• Adequate staff training

• System of information dissemination to consumers on possible disruption

in supply

28.1 Quality of Materials

The water supply system will work without (or with very minimal) interruption if
materials such as piping appurtenances are of good and standard quality. It is
therefore necessary to use standard materials of approved make and establish testing
procedures right from procurement of materials to installation.

Piping procured shall be subjected to hydraulic pressure tests as specified in

relevant specifications. If the testing facility does not exist, a manufacturer's test
certificate shall be insisted, obtained and filed for reference. Manufacturers shall test
pipes in the presence of the representative of concerned officials and submit a test
certificate while delivering the pipes.

39
 Valves, hydrants,pumpsets, and other appurtenances shall be tested prior to
installation. It is recommended to invest more in procuring good quality materials
rather than purchasing inferior materials and then incur high maintenance
expenditure.

28.2 Pipeline Damage & Repair Procedures

In case of a damage (burst) resulting on a trunk main, the following operational

sequence shall be adopted:

• Labour workforce (skilled & unskilled) shall be mobilised and required

materials shall be assimilated and the team shall be directed to the
breakdown site.

• Main control stations, senior officers concerned with maintenance and

distribution shall be informed of the situation and kept updated on
progress.

• The concerned control office shall be intimated to isolate the damaged

main and alternative supply arrangements (if possible tankers) for water
supply to the localities affected shall be pressed into action.

• Utilities such as Gas, Electricity and Telephones shall be informed on the

breakdown and request them to be present at site to ensure contractor co-
ordination.

• The local Traffic police shall be informed to ensure proper traffic

regulation.

• Isolation of the water main by closing sluice values on both the sides. This
will have to be done if the pipe is damaged severely (pipeline burst).

28.3 Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant

Important aspects to be considered in the maintenance of Water Treatment

Plant are:
• Measurement of inflows / outflows: Supply and Discharge flows shall be
measured to ensure that they tally. Water level indicators and flow
indicators / recorders shall be in working condition.

• Structural leakage: All structural damages and leak shall be promptly

repaired.

• General cleanliness in and around the Water Treatment Plant should be

maintained and observed.

• A garden around the Water Treatment Plant structure may be maintained

for aesthetic reasons.

40
 • A program to clean the Water Treatment Plant atleast once in a year shall
be undertaken. Such cleaning process shall be performed during periods
of low turbidity (summer season usually) or a facility to by-pass the water
supply shall be in place.

• Appropriate safety measures to prevent entry of unauthorised persons

shall be provided.

• All guide and hand railings shall be maintained in a safe and firm
condition.

28.4 Transmission Losses & Leak Detection

Wastage of water is the principal problem and concern in a water supply

system. Wastage of water, in some systems, is as high as 30% of the total flow and is
often due to the following reasons:
• Leaks from balancing service reservoirs due to cracks, leaky joints and
valves.
• Leaks in water mains due to defective joints, corroded pipes, fractures in
connections, valves and hydrants.
• Leaks due to flow through abandoned or unused pipes and damaged
pipes.
• High pressure in the water supply system intensifying existing leakage.
• Leaks in piping and fittings within the premises due to faulty joints,
corrosion, faulty washers or glands in stop valves and faucets.
• Unregulated and excessive use of water by staff from garden watering,
flushing, cleaning utensils and washing.
• Failure to close faucets inside or outside premises wilfully or inadvertently
or complete removal of taps leading to uncontrolled flow and wastage of
this precious commodity.
• Misuse of protected water for miscellaneous purposes.

Major areas in a water supply system that contribute to a high wastage of water
are piping and connections to taps, hydrants and leaky plumbing fixtures. Leak in a
water supply system can be significantly reduced or even eliminated through
systematic detection and damage control procedures.

The O&M Plan shall also incorporate a regular Leak Detection program for the
entire water supply system such that each section of the system turns up for leak
detection at least once in three years. Leaks and damages detected should be
promptly repaired. Causes of wastage through leaks such as (i) high pressure in water
supply system (ii) corrosive soils, (iii) corrosive water, (iv) inferior quality of piping and
fittings, (v) age of mains and (vi) gland packing of valves shall be identified and
attended to in the leak detection program. Engineer-in-charge of this operation

41
 shall be equipped with the required authority to inspect transmission main for water
supply and ascertain the authenticity noticed.

29.0 Annual Maintenance Cost

The annual maintenance cost for this scheme has been categorized into the
following expenditure heads:

• Establishment Charges
• Energy Charges
• Chemicals
• General Repairs/ Renewals/ Replacement

Table 20 shows the estimated annual maintenance cost of proposed scheme.

TABLE 20 : ANNUAL O&M COST

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE ESTIMATE

Rate per Amount
Sl.No. Qty. Description
( in Rupees)
I. ESTABLISHMENT CHARGES
1 2 Nos. Asst. Executive Engineer 25000 Month 50000
2 8 Nos. Asst. Engineers 22000 Month 176000
3 1 No. Water works Superintendent 15000 Month 15000
4 2 No. Electrical Superintendent 15000 Month 30000
5 3 Nos. Electrician Grade I 10000 Month 30000
6 3 Nos. Electrician Grade I I 8000 Month 24000
7 1 No. Chemist 11000 Month 11000
8 1 No. Laboratory Assistant 7000 Month 7000
9 6 Nos. Filter Bed Operator 7000 Month 42000
10 10 Nos. Fitter (Grade I ) 7000 Month 70000
11 6 Nos. Fitter (Grade II ) 5500 Month 33000
12 60 Nos. Maintenance Assistant 4000 Month 240000
13 2 Nos. Driver 7000 Month 14000
14 2 Nos. Gardener 4000 Month 8000
15 2 Nos. Assistant 7000 Month 14000
Total 764000
Annual Establishment charges
= 12 x 764000 9168000

42
II. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
RAW WATER PUMPSETS
ENERGY CHARGES = (2650) HP x 0.5
x
0.746 x 24 x 365 x 3.60 = 31171759
KVA CHARGES = 2650 HP x 0.5
0.9325 x 12 x 150 = 2224013
ADD for lights 24228
Inspection charges for HT line
by Electrical Inspector 20000
Total 33440000
CLEAR WATER PUMPSETS
ENERGY CHARGES = 1790 HP x
0.746 x 24 x 365 x 3.60 42111282
KVA CHARGES = 1790 x 0.9325 x 12 x
150 3004515
ADD for lights 66203
Inspection charges for HT line 18000
By Electrical Inspector
Total 45200000
Total Energy Cost ( 33440000 +
45200000 ) 78640000
III COST OF CHEMICALS
Alum dosage = 40 mg/lit.
Qty. of water to be treated = 131.25 mld
Alum required =131.25 x 106 x 40 x
365 / 106 x 1000 1916
Tonnes
Cost of Alum @ Rs.3060/Tonne
= 1916 x 3060 = 5862960
Chlorine dosage - 5 ppm
Qty. to be treated = 131.25 mld
Qty. of chlorine required =
131.25 x 106 x 365 x 5/106 = 239531
Kg
Cost of chlorine = 239531 x
18981/1000 4546543
Total cost of chemicals (5862960 +
4546543) 10409503
IV REPAIRS & RENEWALS
Repairing charges and cost of renewals
And spares for pumpsets in Head
works 500000
Site.
Repair charges and cost of renewals 1000000
and spares for pumpsets in Treatment
works site.
Repair charges and cost of renewals of
mains 1000000
Total 2500000
V Telephone Charges 52497

43
 ABSTRACT ESTIMATE FOR ANNUAL MAINTENANCE

1 Establishment charges Rs 9168000

2 Electrical Energy charges Rs 78640000

3 Cost of Chemicals Rs 10409503

4 Repairs and renewals Rs 2500000

5 Telephone charges Rs 52497

Total Rs 100770000

COMBINED ABSTRACT FOR PILLUR AND SIRUVANI SCHEMES

Sl.No. Description Pillur Siruvani Total

1 Establishment charges 9168000 6096000 15264000

2 Electrical Energy charges 78640000 2600000 81240000

3 Cost of Chemicals 10409503 7752712 18162215

4 Repairs and renewals 2500000 600000 3100000

5 Telephone charges 52497 51288 103787

Total 100770000 17100000 117870000

30.0 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND TRAINING

30.1 General

Good organisation set-up is a prerequisite for efficient maintenance of a water

supply system. A Corporation with a good organisational set-up and definite tasks
assigned to its employees will have minimum maintenance problems. The engineering
department of Coimbatore Corporation presently handles all related infrastructure
such as water supply, roads, drains, buildings and other utilities.

30.2 Training for Water Supply Personnel

30.2.1 Introduction

Recruitment of trained engineering personnel for management of water works

is an important issue confronting organisations such as TWAD board, Corporation and
Industries possessing their own waterworks. Of equal importance is the problem of

44
keeping such personnel technically updated. Special efforts to impart in-service
training or continuing professional education should go along with employment of such
personnel.

In view of the rapidly changing pace of science and technology, individuals

initially educated in traditional disciplines in engineering and employed in the
waterworks industry should obtain additional training, if they are to continue
performing their technical duties effectively. Formal academic education may not
equip an employee to cope indefinitely with challenges posed.

30.2.2 Necessity of training

A valuable resource in a waterworks utility is the personnel. Their proficiency

directly influences quality of service and overall economy. Creative, hard-working and
well-trained employees capable of achieving high standards of performance enhance
the status of a utility company. Resultant additional benefits such as:

• Increased efficiency of operation with advanced knowledge of operational

practice;
• Overall economy by virtue of expanded skilled operation and
maintenance;
• Improvement in quality of treated water;
• Improved public relations; and
• Improved public health conditions due to supply of water of superior
quality and closely controlled by trained laboratory staff

In recent years, there has been an increased realisation of importance of

maintaining specialised operating personnel and attention has also been focussed on
the need for training employees at different levels. Training cannot end with just one
course. To be effective, it has to be a continuous process. Each employee should be
trained year after year through employment. In this town,Corporation staff and TWAD
board staff are being trained regularly to improve the efficiency. It is therefore
necessary that periodical intensive training be given to the operations staff and shall
include the following areas of focus:
• Interaction with consumers
• Need for providing potable water supply
• Description and application details of instruments and other accessories
required for maintenance work
• Need for proper maintenance of the same and how each activity shall be
operated upon / performed.
• During emergency break down, system has to be restoring within a
minimum breakdown period.

45
 • Training shall include field visits to other project sites to get first hand
information about proper maintenance procedures.
• Maintain records and necessary field documents with regard to Operation
and Maintenance (O&M) of various units in the water supply scheme and
periodical interaction with the higher authorities for effective follow up
action.

30.2.3 Training Plan

The operating staff of Coimbatore Corporation needs to be trained in the following:

• Basic principle of Pump working

• Basic Knowledge in the working of motor, starters, circuit breakers &
switches.
• Purpose of various types of valves – Sluice valve and Scour valve etc.
• Valve operations within pump room and in the pumping mains
• Preventive maintenance of electrical and mechanical equipment
• Attending to minor repairs, major repairs – procedure to be followed
• Various types of pipes and pipe materials – pressure ratings
• Log books – maintenance & upkeep of records
• Importance of keeping good health and hygiene
• Management crises in the Operation & Maintenance

30.2.4 Agency for training

Various agencies available for training are:

• TWAD Board – This organisation conducts training for field staff at

Chennai
• Universities conduct short term courses for water supply field staff on
request from the concerned departments
• Conferences and seminars conducted by engineering institutions and
other organisations like Indian Water Works Association etc.

31.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

31.1 Introduction
The project implementation is sub divided into four major components are
given below:

• Raw water transmission main

• Water Treatment Plant
• Clear water transmission Main
• Master Service Reservoir

46
 Table 21 shows the overall components and duration of implementation of the
scheme
TABLE 21 : OVERALL COMPONENTS AND DURATION

Activity Time
Sl. Major Component pending
No. Item No. in
weeks

I Administrative sanction Administrative sanction 2 8

II Technical sanction & tender Technical sanction & tender 3 12

finalisation finalisation
III Obtaining permission from Obtaining permission from 4 16
Highways, Railways etc. Highways, Railways etc.
IV Raw water Gravity main Raw water Gravity main 5 32

V Treatment works Treatment works 6 52

VI Clear water transmission main Clear water transmission main 7 52

VII Master Service Reservoir Master Service Reservoir 8 52

VIII Supply, delivery and erection of Supply, delivery and erection of 9 8

pumpset pumpset
IX Commissioning & Maintenance Commissioning & Maintenance 10 6

31.2 Activities in Implementation of the Project

The major activities for implementation of the project are identified as follows:

Getting Administrative and Technical sanction

Inviting bids and selecting agencies for bid evaluation and tender
finalisation and obtaining permission from SH, NH, Railways

Manufacturing and Procurement of pipes for raw water and clear water
transmission mains
Laying, jointing, testing of water mains
Construction of appurtenances like valve chambers etc.
Construction of water treatment plant ,Master Service Reservoir,
Erection of pump sets
Testing, Commissioning, Trial runs and handing over of the system

47
 Based on the activities, time required in weeks and interrelation with events, the Pert chart
diagram has been drawn and furnished. The time required in weeks for completion of each
activity in each component is listed in Table 21

31.3 Proposal

The construction would be carried out by the contractors who are pre-
qualified and negotiated by open bids
The work would be carried out as a turnkey job through agencies of repute
and adequate experience, who satisfy the eligibility and financial turn over
criteria
Detailed supervision would be entrusted to the TWAD board who had
done the detailed engineering for the project
Project management comprising the following tasks shall be performed by
the TWAD Board
Detailed supervision
Technical clarifications
Design modifications based on site conditions
Witness performance guarantee tests
Record measurements
Payment evaluation and recommendation to contractor
Monitor progress
Project finance management
Preparation of completion plans
Handing over completed project to the local body
Financial management would form part of project management. TWAD
Board would deploy key personnel with financial skills to monitor drawal of
loan, project expenditure, optimum utilization of funds etc
The construction contractor would operate and maintain the completed
project for at least one year before handing over the scheme to the local
body
Training would be imparted to the local body during O&M phase of project
implementation to enable the local body to operate and maintain the
system
Operating manuals and guarantee certificates would be handed over to
the local body
TWAD Board higher officials would monitor the progress of the project
TWAD Board would ensure quality of the work and conformity to the
drawings, witness performance guarantee tests, prepare as built drawings
and hand over the system
The local body would recruit the operating personnel sufficiently in
advance so that they can be trained and deployed on the job as soon as
the system is taken over
The financing agency would review progress, physical and financial
periodically
There would be no need for the local body to deploy a huge organization
for project construction that later on may become surplus

32.0 COST ESTIMATES :

The estimate cost for Dedicated Water Supply Scheme to Coimbatore
Corporation under Phase I works out to Rs.113.743 Crores.

48
33.0 PROJECT FINANCING

This proposal is posed under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission Programme (JNNURM) as per the following financial pattern will be as under
:
Table 22 Funding Pattern (%)
Grant ULB / Parastatal
Central State Government share / loans from
Government banks / F.I.
50 20 30

34.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST

The Operation and Maintenance cost of water supply system of Coimbatore

Corporation has been worked out, considering the costs of the following items:

• Energy Cost
• Cost of Chemical Consumptions
• Cost of Maintenance and Repairs
• Cost of O & M staff

The estimated O & M cost is worked out as Rs.11.787 Crores for the year 2021.

35.0 COST PER CAPITA OF THE PROJECT

The capital cost per capita for various stages have been worked out as under

• For the year 2006 ( base year ) - Rs.1127 / capita

• For the year 2021 ( Intermediate stage ) - Rs.883 / capita

36.0 COST OF WATER PER 1000 LITRES

The cost of water per 1000 litres for different stages are worked out for the year
2021 AD and 2036 AD are as follows:

• For the year 2021 AD - Rs.5.12 per 1000 litres.

49
DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION WITH
PILLUR RESERVOIR AS SOURCE

SALIENT DETAILS
Present Intermediate Ultimate
1 Population (2006) (2021) (2036)

Coimbatore
1009677 1288387 1644032
Corporation

Pro rata supply Corporation - 135 lpcd

Present Intermediate Ultimate

Requirements in (2006)
2 (2021) (2036)
mld mld mld mld
Requirement to
136.306 173.932 221.944
Corporation
Requirement
156.752 200.022 255.236
including15% losses
Industrial demand 7.000 9.978 17.250

Total 163.752 210.000 272.486

Existing supply from
85.000 85.000 85.000
Siruvani
Existing supply from
65.970 65.970 65.970
Pillur
Net clear water
requirement from
3 Pillur Reservoir after 78.752 125.000 187.486
deducting existing
Siruvani supply

Net raw water

4 82.690 131.250 196.860
requirement

Raw water pumping to Periakombai hills

5 and there on by gravity to treatment unit 182292 -
at Velliangadu in lpm (24 hours)

Clear water pumping from treatment unit

6 at Velliangadu to Kattan hills in lpm (24 86806 -
hours)

Clear water gravity main from Kattan hills

7 to 30 LL MSR at Coimbatore in lpm (24 86806 -
hours) - 125.00mld

50
8 Existing water supply arrangements

Siruvani water supply project

Siruvani reservoir (capacity - 650 mcft) - Intake arrangement

Source storage capacity

Designed supply 87.314 mld to Coimbatore Corporation and

10.062 mld to other beneficiaries. The present supply to
Present status Coimbatore Corporation is 85 mld only.

Augmentation of water supply to Coimbatore Corporation from Pillur reservoir

(Scheme - I)

River Bhavani - Pillur reservoir near Nellimarathur Tribal

Source settlement about 0.5 km on the upstream side of Pillur Dam
. Intake well 21m dia.

Designed supply of 65.97 mld now being supplied to

Present status Coimbatore Corporation and 59.03 mld to 22 erstwhile Town
Panchayats and 523 Habitations..

9 Necessity of the Increasing the supply from Siruvani reservoir is not possible
Scheme due to limited availability of water since increasing the
storage in dam will involve inter state problem.
Pillur Scheme-I has been designed to meet the intermediate
demand during the year 1996. Hence to meet the
intermediate requirement of the year 2021, this proposal is
now formulated.

10 Brief description of the proposed scheme

River Bhavani - Existing Intake well (21 m dia) - near

a. Source Nellimarathur Tribal settlement about 0.5 km on the
upstream side of Pillur reservoir is to be utilized.

6 Nos. of Turbine pumpsets (Proposed)

b. Raw water pumpset (2 Nos. being standby for intermediate stage)
including other Duty - 45600 lpm x 53 m
beneficiaries

11 Raw water Transmission main

a. From Head works to

12 Periakombai hills Existing 1500 mm dia MS pipe 480 m is to be utilized.
tunnel entry

51
 b. Periakombai hills
raw water tunnel
( including the 3850 m ( Existing )
requirement of other
beneficiaries)
c. From Periakombai
hills tunnel exit to
treatement plant 1500 mm dia PSC pipes 1050 m ( Proposed)
at Velliangadu (gravity
main)

13 Treatment works 131.25 mld (Proposed)

14 Clear water Transmission main

Clear water pumping

main from treatment
a Proposed - 1100 mm dia MS -10870m
unit to Kattan Hill
tunnel entry

Clear water Pumpset 6 Nos. of Turbine pumpsets (Proposed)

b at proposed treatment (2 Nos. being standby for intermediate stage)
plant Duty - 21702 lpm x 75 m

Kattan hill clear

water tunnel
c ( including the 800 m long(existing) (250 mld capacity)
requirement of other
beneficiaries)
Proposed
1500 mm dia PSC pipes 9600m
1500 mm dia MS pipes 7500m
Clear water dedicated 1200 mm dia MS pipes 6017m
gravity main to 1000 mm dia MS pipes 583m
d
Coimbatore 700 mm dia CI pipes 60 m
Corporation
Existing
1000 mm PSC main 6017m

15 Master Service Reservoir to Coimbatore Corporation

a At Ramakrishnapuram Capacity 30 Lakh litres (Proposed)- 1No.

b At Ramakrishnapuram Capacity 30 Lakh litres (Existing) - 1No.

18 Cost

Estimate cost Rs.113.743 Crores

52
 EXISTING SIRUVANI SCHEME - SALIENT DETAILS

1. Source : Siruvani Dam

2. Head works : Intake tower 6 m dia

3. Raw water Tunnel : 1550 m length, 1.80 x 2.10 m

4. Pick up weir & Raw water Gravity main : The water from the dam let out
in the Anayar stream at tunnel
exit is picked up at Adivaram by
a pick up weir, after its travel
through a length of 1.6 km in
the Anayar stream. The water
heading up at the pick up weir
is let into a Collection well and
conveyed to the Treatment
works through 1000 mm dia
PSC pipes.

5. Treatment Plant : 106.50 MLD consists of

Aerator, Clariflocculator, Filter
house and Clear water
reservoir.

6. Clear water Gravity main upto MSR : 1000 mm PSC pipe 31330 m

7. Master Service Reservoir : 38.00 Lakh litres

8. Service Reservoirs : 19 Nos.

53
 EXISTING PILLUR I SCHEME - SALIENT DETAILS

1. Source : Pillur Reservoir across River Bhavani.

2. Head works : Collection well 21 m dia

3. Raw water pumpsets : 6 x 442 HP (2 Nos. standbye)

Vertical Turbine pumpsets of
duty 91200 lpm x 61.99 m

4. Raw water pumping main : 1500 mm dia MS pipe 482 m

5. Raw water Tunnel : 3850 m length, 2.20 m D’ shaped

tunnel.

6. Raw water Gravity main : 1500 mm PSC pipe 1050 m

7. Treatment Plant : 131.25 MLD consists of Plain

Sedimentation Tank, Aerator,
Clariflocculator, Filter house,
Clear water reservoir and
Sump-cum-pump house.

8. Clear water pumping main : 1500 mm PSC / MS pipe 10870 m

9. Clear water tunnel : 800 m length, 2.20 m D’ shaped tunnel

10. Clear water Gravity main upto : 1500 & 1000 mm PSC pipe 23700 m
MSR

11. Master Service Reservoir : 30 Lakh litres

12. Feeder mains : 43.026 km

13. Service Reservoirs : 16 Nos.

54
 Name of Project: Dedicated Water Supply Scheme to Coimbatore Corporation
with Pillur Reservoir as source

ABSTR ACT OF COST

Sl.No. Description Estimated Approval

Cost Cost
(Rs.in (Rs. in
Lakhs) Lakhs)
Head Works consists of Intake well, Approach 615.20 -
1. Bridge, Control room and Staff Quarters (2 Nos.
(Existing components utilized)
Raw Water turbine Pumpset of duty 15676 lpm x 1050.00 -
62 m Head – 6 Nos ( 2 Nos Standby ) & Clear
2. a) Water turbine Pumpset of duty 14929 lpm x 66 m
Head – 6 Nos ( 2 Nos Standby) with accessories
(Based on original demand)
Raw Water turbine Pumpset of duty 45600 lpm x - 1427.00
53 m Head – 6 Nos ( 2 Nos Standby ) & Clear
b) Water turbine Pumpset of duty 21702 lpm x 75 m
Head – 6 Nos ( 2 Nos Standby) with accessories
(Based on revised demand)
Raw Water Pumping Main from Head Works to 137.70 -
3. existing Raw Water tunnel entry (Existing main
utilized)
Raw Water Gravity Main from existing Raw Water 135.15 135.15
4.
Tunnel exit to Treatment Plant
Construction of full scale treatment plant of 131.25 1613.21 1613.21
5.
Mld capacity (Rapid sand filtration)
Construction of Clear Water Reservoir of 52.00 LL 124.00 124.00
6.
capacity
Construction of sump cum Pump house at 78.25 78.25
7.
Treatment Plant site (1 No.)
Construction of Staff Quarters of B Type and C 68.00 68.00
8.
Type at Treatment Plant site (10 Nos.)
Clear Water Pumping Main from Treatment Plant 2339.00 2339.00
9.
to existing Clear Water Tunnel entry ( 10870 m)
Clear Water Transmission Main from Clear Water 4827.00 4827.00
10. Tunnel exit 17100 m ( Sathy Road Crossing) and
upto MSR
Construction of Master Service Reservoir of 30 298.00 298.00
11.
Lakh Litres Capacity at Ramakrishnapuram
Providing infrastructural facilities to Coimbatore
12
Corporation
a) Common Conveying Main 1120.95 -
Feeder main, branch feeder mains, Service 3180.40 -
b)
Reservoirs and Provision for Distribution system
SCADA System for Raw & Clear water pumping 250.00 68.40
13 stations and Water Treatment Plant ( Provisions
made for service reservoirs deleted)

55
Sl.No. Description Estimated Approval
Cost Cost
(Rs.in (Rs. in
Lakhs) Lakhs)
Provision for Machineries such as excavator cum 65.00 65.00
14. loader, tipper and dewatering pumsets for
maintenance.
TOTAL 15901.86 11043.01
748.14 -
Petty Supervision Charges @ 2.5%, Unforeseen
items @ 2.5%, Centage charges @ 8% and Cost
of preparation of DPR and Deducting present
worth of existing scheme

Contingencies @ 3% 331.29

TOTAL 16650.00 11374.30

56
 COIMBATORE CORPORATION
----------------------

CENSUS FIGURES
-----------------------------------
Year Population
-----------------------------------
1961 366799
1971 571956
1981 704514
1991 816321
2001 930882

-----------------------------------

1. Arithmatic Increase Method:

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Population in the Year 2001 = 930882

Population in the Year 1961 = 366799
=============
Increase in 4.00 Decade = 564083
=============

564083
Average increase per Decade = ------------
4.00

= 141021

Intermediate Population 2006 = Pop(2001) + 0.50 x (Ave.Increase)

= 930882 + 0.50 x 141021
= 1001392

Ultimate Population 2021 = Pop(2001) + 2.00 x (Ave.Increase)

= 930882 + 2.00 x 141021
= 1212924
=======================================================================================

2. Incremental Increase Method:

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Population Increase Incremental
(X) Increase (Y)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1961 366799 -- --
1971 571956 205157 --
1981 704514 132558 -72599
1991 816321 111807 -20751
2001 930882 114561 2754

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_ 564083 _ -90596
Average X = --------- Average Y = ----------
4.00 3.00

= 141021 = -30199

Intermediate
Population 2006 = Pop(2001) + 0.50 x (Ave.X) + 0.50 x ( 0.50+1)/2 x (Ave Y)

57
 = 930882 + 0.50 x 141021 + 0.38 x -30199
= 990068

Ultimate
Population 2021 = Pop(2001) + 2.00 x (Ave.X) 2.00 x ( 2.00+1)/2 x (Ave Y)
= 930882 + 2.00 x 141021 + 3.00 x -30199
= 1122328
=======================================================================================

3. Geomentrical Increase :
* * * * * * ** * * * * * * *

Formula:
--------

1/n
(1+r1)
P(First Popl.) ----------- = P(Last.Popl)
100
===========================================

1) Considering the population from 1961 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/4.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r1= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1961) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/4.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
r1= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 366799 ³ ³
À Ù

r1= 26.217
=======================================================================================

2) Considering the population from 1971 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/3.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r2= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1971) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/3.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
r2= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 571956 ³ ³
À Ù

r2= 17.628
=======================================================================================

3) Considering the population from 1981 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/2.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r3= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1981) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/2.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
58
 r3= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 704514 ³ ³
À Ù

r3= 14.948
=======================================================================================

4) Considering the population from 1991 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/1.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r4= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1991) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/1.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
r4= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 816321 ³ ³
À Ù

r4= 14.034
=======================================================================================

1/4
Geometrical Mean Value r = (r1xr2xr3xr4)
1/4
= (26.217x17.628x14.948x14.034)
= 17.646
0.50
Ú r ¿
Intermediate Population 2006 = Pop(2001) x ³ 1 + ------- ³
À 100 Ù
= 930882 x 1.085
= 1009677

2.00
Ú r ¿
Ultimate Population 2021 = Pop(2001) x ³ 1 + ------- ³
À 100 Ù
= 930882 x 1.384
= 1288387
=======================================================================================

4. Line of Best fit :

* * * * * * * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Population Log of Popl. 2
Y T T x Y T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1961 366799 5.5644 -2.000 -11.1288 4.000
1971 571956 5.7574 -1.000 -5.7574 1.000
1981 704514 5.8479 0.000 0.0000 0.000
1991 816321 5.9119 1.000 5.9119 1.000
2001 930882 5.9689 2.000 11.9378 4.000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 29.0505 0.000 0.9635 10.000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2
Tot T x Y = M x Tot T + C x Tot T ........... (1)

Tot Y = M x T + C x N ........... (2)

(Where N - No.of Census decade considered)

59
 0.9635 = M x 10.000 + C x 0.000 ....... (3)

29.0505 = M x 0.000 + C x 5.00 ...... (4)

From Equ.(3) Value of M is,

0.9635
M = -------------
10.000
M = 0.096

From Equ.(4) Value of C is,

29.0505
C = --------------
5.00
C = 5.810
=======================================================================================

a. Anticipated intermediate
Population 2006 = Antilog of ((N/2+1) x M + C)

Y(2006) = Mt + C
where t - decade from the base year

Year 2006 - 1981 = 25

i.e 2.50 decades

Y(2006) = 0.241 + 5.810

= 6.051

Intermediate Population 2006 = Antilog 6.051

= 1124540

b. Anticipated Ultimate
Population 2021 = Antilog of ((N/2+1) x M + C)

Y(2021) = Mt + C
where t - decade from the base year
Year 2021 - 1981 = 40
i.e 4.00 decades
Y(2021) = 0.385 + 5.810

= 6.196

Ultimate Population 2021 = Antilog 6.196

= 1568556
=======================================================================================

5. Semilog method :
* * * * * * * * * * * *

From the semi-log graph, the Intermediate population (2006)

and Ultimate population (2021) are arrived as follows:-

Intermediate Population (2006) = 1000000

Ultimate Population (2021) = 1250000

Results
~~~~~~~
------------------------------------------------------------

60
Sl Method of calcuations Int. Ult.
No. Pop Pop.
2006 2021
------------------------------------------------------------
1.Arithmatic Increase Method 1001392 1212924
2.Incremental Increase Method 990068 1122328
3.Geometric Increase Method 1009677 1288387
4.Line of Best fit Method 1124540 1568556
5.Semilog Method 1000000 1250000

------------------------------------------------------------

61
Decadal Growth Rate Method
COIMBATORE Corporation In Coimbatore District

Considering the Decadal growth rate of : 10.90% As per Statement 3.1 of Census of India 2001- series
34 - Paper 2 of 2001
Corporations in the state

Population 2001 : 930882

Population 2006 : 930882 +(0.109) * 0.5 * 930882

: 981615
Population 2021 : 930882 +(0.109) * 2 * 930882
: 1133814
Population 2036 : 930882 +(0.109) * 3.5 * 930882
: 1286013
Considering the Decadal growth rate of : 13.08% As per Statement 3.1 of Census of India 2001- series
34 - Paper 2 of 2001
Corporations in Coimbatore District

Population 2006 : 930882 +(0.1308) * 0.5 * 930882

: 991762
Population 2021 : 930882 +(0.1308) * 2 * 930882
: 1174401
Population 2036 : 930882 +(0.1308) * 3.5 * 930882
: 1357040
Considering the Decadal growth rate of
COIMBATORE Corporation In Coimbatore 14.03%
District :
Population 2006 : 930882 +(0.14034) * 0.5 * 930882
: 996202
Population 2021 : 930882 +(0.14034) * 2 * 930882
: 1192162
Population 2036 : 930882 +(0.14034) * 3.5 * 930882
: 1388122

68
 COIMBATORE CORPORATION
----------------------

CENSUS FIGURES
-----------------------------------
Year Population
-----------------------------------
1961 366799
1971 571956
1981 704514
1991 816321
2001 930882

-----------------------------------

1. Arithmatic Increase Method:

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Population in the Year 2001 = 930882

Population in the Year 1961 = 366799
=============
Increase in 4.00 Decade = 564083
=============

564083
Average increase per Decade = ------------
4.00

= 141021

Intermediate Population 2021 = Pop(2001) + 2.00 x (Ave.Increase)

= 930882 + 2.00 x 141021
= 1212924

Ultimate Population 2036 = Pop(2001) + 3.50 x (Ave.Increase)

= 930882 + 3.50 x 141021
= 1424455
===================================================================================

2. Incremental Increase Method:

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Population Increase Incremental
(X) Increase (Y)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1961 366799 -- --
1971 571956 205157 --
1981 704514 132558 -72599
1991 816321 111807 -20751
2001 930882 114561 2754

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_ 564083 _ -90596
Average X = --------- Average Y = ----------
4.00 3.00

= 141021 = -30199

Intermediate
Population 2021 = Pop(2001) + 2.00 x (Ave.X) + 2.00 x ( 2.00+1)/2 x (Ave Y)

62
 = 930882 + 2.00 x 141021 + 3.00 x -30199
= 1122328

Ultimate
Population 2036 = Pop(2001) + 3.50 x (Ave.X) 3.50 x ( 3.50+1)/2 x (Ave Y)
= 930882 + 3.50 x 141021 + 7.88 x -30199
= 1186640
===================================================================================

3. Geomentrical Increase :
* * * * * * ** * * * * * * *

Formula:
--------

1/n
(1+r1)
P(First Popl.) ----------- = P(Last.Popl)
100
===========================================

1) Considering the population from 1961 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/4.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r1= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1961) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/4.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
r1= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 366799 ³ ³
À Ù

r1= 26.217
===================================================================================

2) Considering the population from 1971 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/3.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r2= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1971) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/3.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
r2= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 571956 ³ ³
À Ù

r2= 17.628
===================================================================================

3) Considering the population from 1981 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/2.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r3= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1981) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/2.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³

63
 r3= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 704514 ³ ³
À Ù

r3= 14.948
===================================================================================

4) Considering the population from 1991 to 2001

----------------------------------------------------
Ú 1/1.0 ¿
³ ³ P(2001) ³ ³
r4= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ P(1991) ³ ³
À Ù

Ú 1/1.0 ¿
³ ³ 930882 ³ ³
r4= ³ ³ --------- ³ - 1 ³ x 100
³ ³ 816321 ³ ³
À Ù

r4= 14.034
===================================================================================

1/4
Geometrical Mean Value r = (r1xr2xr3xr4)
1/4
= (26.217x17.628x14.948x14.034)
= 17.646
2.00
Ú r ¿
Intermediate Population 2021 = Pop(2001) x ³ 1 + ------- ³
À 100 Ù
= 930882 x 1.384
= 1288387

3.50
Ú r ¿
Ultimate Population 2036 = Pop(2001) x ³ 1 + ------- ³
À 100 Ù
= 930882 x 1.766
= 1644032
===================================================================================

4. Line of Best fit :

* * * * * * * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Population Log of Popl. 2
Y T T x Y T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1961 366799 5.5644 -2.000 -11.1288 4.000
1971 571956 5.7574 -1.000 -5.7574 1.000
1981 704514 5.8479 0.000 0.0000 0.000
1991 816321 5.9119 1.000 5.9119 1.000
2001 930882 5.9689 2.000 11.9378 4.000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 29.0505 0.000 0.9635 10.000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2
Tot T x Y = M x Tot T + C x Tot T ........... (1)

Tot Y = M x T + C x N ........... (2)

(Where N - No.of Census decade considered)

64
 0.9635 = M x 10.000 + C x 0.000 ....... (3)

29.0505 = M x 0.000 + C x 5.00 ...... (4)

From Equ.(3) Value of M is,

0.9635
M = -------------
10.000
M = 0.096

From Equ.(4) Value of C is,

29.0505
C = --------------
5.00
C = 5.810
===================================================================================

a. Anticipated intermediate
Population 2021 = Antilog of ((N/2+1) x M + C)

Y(2021) = Mt + C
where t - decade from the base year

Year 2021 - 1981 = 40

i.e 4.00 decades

Y(2021) = 0.385 + 5.810

= 6.196

Intermediate Population 2021 = Antilog 6.196

= 1568556

b. Anticipated Ultimate
Population 2036 = Antilog of ((N/2+1) x M + C)

Y(2036) = Mt + C
where t - decade from the base year
Year 2036 - 1981 = 55
i.e 5.50 decades
Y(2036) = 0.530 + 5.810

= 6.340

Ultimate Population 2036 = Antilog 6.340

= 2187888
===================================================================================

5. Semilog method :
* * * * * * * * * * * *

From the semi-log graph, the Intermediate population (2021)

and Ultimate population (2036) are arrived as follows:-

Intermediate Population (2021) = 1250000

Ultimate Population (2036) = 1600000

65
 Results
~~~~~~~
------------------------------------------------------------
Sl Method of calculations Int. Ult.
No. Pop Pop.
2021 2036
------------------------------------------------------------
1.Arithmatic Increase Method 1212924 1424455
2.Incremental Increase Method 1122328 1186640
3.Geometric Increase Method 1288387 1644032
4.Line of Best fit Method 1568556 2187888
5.Semilog Method 1250000 1600000

------------------------------------------------------------

66
DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION
WITH PILLUR RESERVOIR AS SOURCE

Cost per 1000 litres

A Cost of installation Rs. 1137430000

Annuity factor for HUDCO loan for 22 years for

B 8.50% interest (0.1019) Rs 115904117

C Annual maintenance estimate cost Rs. 117870000

Total A+B Rs. 233774117

(233774117*1000)/(
Cost per 1000 lit. 125.00*106*365)

Rs 5.12

Per capita cost

Total cost of installation Rs. 1137430000

Present population 2006 1009677

Intermediate population 2021 1288387

Present Rs. 1127

Intermediate Rs. 883

69
 DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION WITH PILLUR RESERVOIR AS SOURCE

DEMAND STATEMENT

EX SUPPLY IN NET CLEAR WATER NET CLEAR WATER

CLEAR WATER NET RAW WATER NET RAW WATER
MLD FROM REQUIREMENT IN MLD REQUIREMENT IN
POPULATION REQUIREMENT IN MLD REQUIREMENT IN MLD REQUIREMENT IN MLD REQUIREMENT IN LPM
SIRUVANI AND INCLUDING LOSSES LPM INCLUDING
INCLUDING LOSSES 15% INCLUDING LOSSES INCLUDING LOSSES
SI LOCAL SOURCES 15% LOSSES
DESCRI PTION
NO

2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036 2006 2021 2036

Coim batore
I Corporation @ 1009677 1288387 1644032 136.306 173.932 221.944 156.752 200.022 255.236 85.00 85.00 85.00 71.752 115.022 170.236 49828 79876 ##### 75.340 120.773 178.748 52319 83870 124130
135 lpcd

Industries,Publi
c Institutions
2 6.087 8.676 15.000 7.000 9.978 17.250 7.000 9.978 17.250 4861 6929 11979 7.350 10.477 18.113 5104 7276 12578
and Floating
population

Grand Total 1009677 1288387 1644032 142.393 182.608 236.944 163.752 210.000 272.486 85.00 85.00 85.00 78.752 125.000 187.486 54689 86805 ##### 82.690 131.250 196.860 57423 91146 136709

70
NAME OF WORK :AUGMENTATION OF WS TO COIMBATORE DD PAGE NO : 1
PUMPING MAIN :RAW WATER MAIN

Constants Used. Static Head Calculation.

--------------- ------------------------
Equ. Cost Factor = 0.16500 Static Head = MWL-FVL+T.H
Cap. Cost Factor = 0.15300 449.45-403.50+ 6.00= 51.95

Ave. Working Hrs(Int) = ( 24 + 24 x 0.627)/2 = 19.52

Ave. Working Hrs(Ult) = ( 24 + 24 x 0.688)/2 = 20.26

ECONOMICAL SIZE OF PUMPING MAIN

Hydraulic Calculations - Ultimate Stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM TO LEN. DIS. GRD. F.L HGL G.L R.H TYPE & SIZE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL456.50 O.L 0.19 456.31 429.50 26.81
0 480 480 182292 561 0.86 455.45 446.00 9.45 1500 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hydraulic Calculations - Intermediate Stage

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM TO LEN. DIS. GRD. F.L HGL G.L R.H TYPE & SIZE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL456.50 O.L 0.19 456.31 429.50 26.81
0 480 480 182292 561 0.86 455.45 446.00 9.45 1500 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Head Calculations

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERMEDIATE STAGE | ULTIMATE STAGE
COMP STATIC -------------------------------|--------------------------------
No. HEAD DIS(I) F.L O.L T.H | DIS(U) F.L O.L T.H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 51.95 182292 0.86 0.19 53.00 182292 0.86 0.19 53.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost of Pumpset B.H.P = Q(U)xT.HxEFF./60x76.06

Equivalent cost = Cost x Eq.Co.fa.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERMEDIATE ULTIMATE
Comb B.H.P. RATE COST B.H.P. RATE COST Eq.Cost TOTAL
No. Pro. /H.P Pro. /H.P
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 2650.0x2 11500 60950000 2650.0x2 11500 60950000 10056750 71006750
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

71
 Cost of Electrical Energy-Intermediate Stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. B.H.P UNITS. COST OF FIXED MET. COST | CAP.CO E.Co TOTAL

No (ACT) E.E CHA. CHAR. RENT (Int) | (Int) (Ult) COST
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 2646.3 14065564 49229474 1482675 2500 50714649 .331E+9 56704924 .388E+9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost of Electrical Energy- Ultimate stage

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. B.H.P UNITS. COST OF FIXED MET. COST CAP. E.Co.
No (ACT) E.E CHA. CHAR. RENT (Ult) COST (Ult)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 2646.3 14598787 51095755 1482675 2500 52580930 .343E+9 56704924
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

72
NAME OF WORK :AUGMENTATION OF WS TO COIMBATORE DD PAGE NO : 2
PUMPING MAIN :RAW WATER MAIN

Cost of Pumping Main

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP SIZE & TYPE LENGTH RATE AMOUNT TOTAL
No. OF PIPE Met. /Met AMOUNT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 1500 MS 14 KSC 480 30466 14623680 14623680
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total cost
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Combination COST OF COST OF E.B COST OF TOTAL
No. PUMPSET CHARGES P' MAIN AMOUNT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comb. 1 71006750 388173218 14623680 473803648
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Combination No 1 is found to be Economical

73
Clear Water Pumping Main from Treatment Plant to Kattan Hills
Constants Used. Static Head Calculation.
--------------- ------------------------
Equ. Cost Factor = 0.16500 Static Head = MWL-FVL+T.H
Cap. Cost Factor = 0.15300 472.60-422.60+ 6.00= 56.00

Ave. Working Hrs(Int) = ( 24 + 24 x 0.639)/2 = 19.67

Ave. Working Hrs(Ult) = ( 24 + 24 x 0.695)/2 = 20.34

ECONOMICAL SIZE OF PUMPING MAIN

Hydraulic Calculations - Ultimate Stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM TO LEN. DIS. GRD. F.L HGL G.L R.H TYPE & SIZE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL484.60 O.L 1.13 483.47 428.50 54.97
0 540 540 86806 2234 0.24 483.23 433.43 49.80 1400 MS 12 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 2234 0.59 482.64 404.29 78.35 1400 MS 18 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 2234 0.26 482.38 393.23 89.15 1400 MS 20 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 2234 0.66 481.72 416.53 65.19 1400 MS 20 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 2234 0.16 481.56 428.23 53.33 1400 MS 14 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 2234 0.11 481.45 406.96 74.49 1400 MS 16 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 2234 0.43 481.02 392.72 88.30 1400 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 2234 0.17 480.85 382.17 98.68 1400 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 2234 0.67 480.18 372.69 107.49 1400 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 2234 0.17 480.01 382.86 97.15 1400 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 2234 0.16 479.85 399.33 80.52 1400 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 2234 0.54 479.31 390.01 89.30 1400 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 2234 0.35 478.96 401.17 77.79 1400 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 2234 0.26 478.70 410.15 68.55 1400 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 2234 0.04 478.66 421.35 57.31 1400 MS 18 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 2234 0.06 478.60 465.71 12.89 1400 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL486.60 O.L 0.98 485.62 428.50 57.12
0 540 540 86806 1547 0.35 485.27 433.43 51.84 1300 MS 12 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 1547 0.85 484.42 404.29 80.13 1300 MS 18 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 1547 0.37 484.05 393.23 90.82 1300 MS 20 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 1547 0.95 483.10 416.53 66.57 1300 MS 20 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 1547 0.23 482.87 428.23 54.64 1300 MS 14 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 1547 0.16 482.71 406.96 75.75 1300 MS 16 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 1547 0.62 482.09 392.72 89.37 1300 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 1547 0.25 481.84 382.17 99.67 1300 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 1547 0.97 480.87 372.69 108.18 1300 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 1547 0.25 480.62 382.86 97.76 1300 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 1547 0.23 480.39 399.33 81.06 1300 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 1547 0.78 479.61 390.01 89.60 1300 MS 22 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 1547 0.50 479.11 401.17 77.94 1300 MS 22 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 1547 0.37 478.74 410.15 68.59 1300 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 1547 0.06 478.68 421.35 57.33 1300 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 1547 0.08 478.60 465.71 12.89 1300 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL491.60 O.L 1.83 489.77 428.50 61.27
0 540 540 86806 974 0.55 489.22 433.43 55.79 1200 MS 14 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 974 1.36 487.86 404.29 83.57 1200 MS 18 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 974 0.59 487.27 393.23 94.04 1200 MS 20 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 974 1.51 485.76 416.53 69.23 1200 MS 20 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 974 0.37 485.39 428.23 57.16 1200 MS 16 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 974 0.25 485.14 406.96 78.18 1200 MS 18 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 974 0.99 484.15 392.72 91.43 1200 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 974 0.40 483.75 382.17 101.58 1200 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 974 1.54 482.21 372.69 109.52 1200 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 974 0.40 481.81 382.86 98.95 1200 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 974 0.37 481.44 399.33 82.11 1200 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 974 1.23 480.21 390.01 90.20 1200 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 974 0.80 479.41 401.17 78.24 1200 MS 20 KSC
74
 10080 10650 570 86806 974 0.59 478.82 410.15 68.67 1200 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 974 0.09 478.73 421.35 57.38 1200 MS 18 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 974 0.13 478.60 465.71 12.89 1200 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL497.60 O.L 1.77 495.83 428.50 67.33
0 540 540 86806 631 0.86 494.97 433.43 61.54 1100 MS 16 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 631 2.09 492.88 404.29 88.59 1100 MS 20 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 631 0.90 491.98 393.23 98.75 1100 MS 22 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 631 2.33 489.65 416.53 73.12 1100 MS 22 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 631 0.57 489.08 428.23 60.85 1100 MS 16 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 631 0.38 488.70 406.96 81.74 1100 MS 18 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 631 1.52 487.18 392.72 94.46 1100 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 631 0.62 486.56 382.17 104.39 1100 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 631 2.38 484.18 372.69 111.49 1100 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 631 0.62 483.56 382.86 100.70 1100 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 631 0.57 482.99 399.33 83.66 1100 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 631 1.90 481.09 390.01 91.08 1100 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 631 1.24 479.85 401.17 78.68 1100 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 631 0.90 478.95 410.15 68.80 1100 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 631 0.14 478.81 421.35 57.46 1100 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 631 0.21 478.60 465.71 12.89 1100 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL509.60 O.L 3.28 506.32 428.50 77.82
0 540 540 86806 392 1.38 504.94 433.43 71.51 1000 MS 16 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 392 3.37 501.57 404.29 97.28 1000 MS 20 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 392 1.45 500.12 393.23 106.89 1000 MS 22 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 392 3.75 496.37 416.53 79.84 1000 MS 22 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 392 0.92 495.45 428.23 67.22 1000 MS 20 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 392 0.61 494.84 406.96 87.88 1000 MS 20 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 392 2.45 492.39 392.72 99.67 1000 MS 22 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 392 0.99 491.40 382.17 109.23 1000 MS 24 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 392 3.83 487.57 372.69 114.88 1000 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 392 0.99 486.58 382.86 103.72 1000 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 392 0.92 485.66 399.33 86.33 1000 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 392 3.06 482.60 390.01 92.59 1000 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 392 1.99 480.61 401.17 79.44 1000 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 392 1.45 479.16 410.15 69.01 1000 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 392 0.23 478.93 421.35 57.58 1000 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 392 0.33 478.60 465.71 12.89 1000 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL530.60 O.L 5.14 525.46 428.50 96.96
0 540 540 86806 232 2.33 523.13 433.43 89.70 900 MS 20 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 232 5.69 517.44 404.29 113.15 900 MS 24 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 232 2.46 514.98 393.23 121.75 900 MS 26 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 232 6.34 508.64 416.53 92.11 900 MS 26 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 232 1.55 507.09 428.23 78.86 900 MS 20 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 232 1.03 506.06 406.96 99.10 900 MS 20 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 232 4.14 501.92 392.72 109.20 900 MS 22 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 232 1.68 500.24 382.17 118.07 900 MS 24 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 232 6.47 493.77 372.69 121.08 900 MS 26 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 232 1.68 492.09 382.86 109.23 900 MS 26 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 232 1.55 490.54 399.33 91.21 900 MS 24 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 232 5.17 485.37 390.01 95.36 900 MS 22 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 232 3.36 482.01 401.17 80.84 900 MS 22 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 232 2.46 479.55 410.15 69.40 900 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 232 0.39 479.16 421.35 57.81 900 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 232 0.56 478.60 465.71 12.89 900 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

75
Hydraulic Calculations - Intermediate Stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM TO LEN. DIS. GRD. F.L HGL G.L R.H TYPE & SIZE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL484.60 O.L 1.13 483.47 428.50 54.97
0 540 540 86806 2234 0.24 483.23 433.43 49.80 1400 MS 12 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 2234 0.59 482.64 404.29 78.35 1400 MS 18 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 2234 0.26 482.38 393.23 89.15 1400 MS 20 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 2234 0.66 481.72 416.53 65.19 1400 MS 20 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 2234 0.16 481.56 428.23 53.33 1400 MS 14 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 2234 0.11 481.45 406.96 74.49 1400 MS 16 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 2234 0.43 481.02 392.72 88.30 1400 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 2234 0.17 480.85 382.17 98.68 1400 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 2234 0.67 480.18 372.69107.49 1400 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 2234 0.17 480.01 382.86 97.15 1400 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 2234 0.16 479.85 399.33 80.52 1400 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 2234 0.54 479.31 390.01 89.30 1400 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 2234 0.35 478.96 401.17 77.79 1400 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 2234 0.26 478.70 410.15 68.55 1400 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 2234 0.04 478.66 421.35 57.31 1400 MS 18 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 2234 0.06 478.60 465.71 12.89 1400 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL486.60 O.L 0.98 485.62 428.50 57.12
0 540 540 86806 1547 0.35 485.27 433.43 51.84 1300 MS 12 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 1547 0.85 484.42 404.29 80.13 1300 MS 18 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 1547 0.37 484.05 393.23 90.82 1300 MS 20 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 1547 0.95 483.10 416.53 66.57 1300 MS 20 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 1547 0.23 482.87 428.23 54.64 1300 MS 14 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 1547 0.16 482.71 406.96 75.75 1300 MS 16 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 1547 0.62 482.09 392.72 89.37 1300 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 1547 0.25 481.84 382.17 99.67 1300 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 1547 0.97 480.87 372.69108.18 1300 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 1547 0.25 480.62 382.86 97.76 1300 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 1547 0.23 480.39 399.33 81.06 1300 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 1547 0.78 479.61 390.01 89.60 1300 MS 22 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 1547 0.50 479.11 401.17 77.94 1300 MS 22 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 1547 0.37 478.74 410.15 68.59 1300 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 1547 0.06 478.68 421.35 57.33 1300 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 1547 0.08 478.60 465.71 12.89 1300 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL491.60 O.L 1.83 489.77 428.50 61.27
0 540 540 86806 974 0.55 489.22 433.43 55.79 1200 MS 14 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 974 1.36 487.86 404.29 83.57 1200 MS 18 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 974 0.59 487.27 393.23 94.04 1200 MS 20 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 974 1.51 485.76 416.53 69.23 1200 MS 20 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 974 0.37 485.39 428.23 57.16 1200 MS 16 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 974 0.25 485.14 406.96 78.18 1200 MS 18 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 974 0.99 484.15 392.72 91.43 1200 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 974 0.40 483.75 382.17101.58 1200 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 974 1.54 482.21 372.69109.52 1200 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 974 0.40 481.81 382.86 98.95 1200 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 974 0.37 481.44 399.33 82.11 1200 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 974 1.23 480.21 390.01 90.20 1200 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 974 0.80 479.41 401.17 78.24 1200 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 974 0.59 478.82 410.15 68.67 1200 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 974 0.09 478.73 421.35 57.38 1200 MS 18 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 974 0.13 478.60 465.71 12.89 1200 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL497.60 O.L 1.77 495.83 428.50 67.33
0 540 540 86806 631 0.86 494.97 433.43 61.54 1100 MS 16 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 631 2.09 492.88 404.29 88.59 1100 MS 20 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 631 0.90 491.98 393.23 98.75 1100 MS 22 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 631 2.33 489.65 416.53 73.12 1100 MS 22 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 631 0.57 489.08 428.23 60.85 1100 MS 16 KSC
76
 4260 4500 240 86806 631 0.38 488.70 406.96 81.74 1100 MS 18 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 631 1.52 487.18 392.72 94.46 1100 MS 20 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 631 0.62 486.56 382.17104.39 1100 MS 22 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 631 2.38 484.18 372.69111.49 1100 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 631 0.62 483.56 382.86100.70 1100 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 631 0.57 482.99 399.33 83.66 1100 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 631 1.90 481.09 390.01 91.08 1100 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 631 1.24 479.85 401.17 78.68 1100 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 631 0.90 478.95 410.15 68.80 1100 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 631 0.14 478.81 421.35 57.46 1100 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 631 0.21 478.60 465.71 12.89 1100 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL509.60 O.L 3.28 506.32 428.50 77.82
0 540 540 86806 392 1.38 504.94 433.43 71.51 1000 MS 16 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 392 3.37 501.57 404.29 97.28 1000 MS 20 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 392 1.45 500.12 393.23106.89 1000 MS 22 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 392 3.75 496.37 416.53 79.84 1000 MS 22 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 392 0.92 495.45 428.23 67.22 1000 MS 20 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 392 0.61 494.84 406.96 87.88 1000 MS 20 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 392 2.45 492.39 392.72 99.67 1000 MS 22 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 392 0.99 491.40 382.17109.23 1000 MS 24 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 392 3.83 487.57 372.69114.88 1000 MS 24 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 392 0.99 486.58 382.86103.72 1000 MS 24 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 392 0.92 485.66 399.33 86.33 1000 MS 22 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 392 3.06 482.60 390.01 92.59 1000 MS 20 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 392 1.99 480.61 401.17 79.44 1000 MS 20 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 392 1.45 479.16 410.15 69.01 1000 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 392 0.23 478.93 421.35 57.58 1000 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 392 0.33 478.60 465.71 12.89 1000 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ L.S 0 M HGL530.60 O.L 5.14 525.46 428.50 96.96
0 540 540 86806 232 2.33 523.13 433.43 89.70 900 MS 20 KSC
540 1860 1320 86806 232 5.69 517.44 404.29113.15 900 MS 24 KSC
1860 2430 570 86806 232 2.46 514.98 393.23121.75 900 MS 26 KSC
2430 3900 1470 86806 232 6.34 508.64 416.53 92.11 900 MS 26 KSC
3900 4260 360 86806 232 1.55 507.09 428.23 78.86 900 MS 20 KSC
4260 4500 240 86806 232 1.03 506.06 406.96 99.10 900 MS 20 KSC
4500 5460 960 86806 232 4.14 501.92 392.72109.20 900 MS 22 KSC
5460 5850 390 86806 232 1.68 500.24 382.17118.07 900 MS 24 KSC
5850 7350 1500 86806 232 6.47 493.77 372.69121.08 900 MS 26 KSC
7350 7740 390 86806 232 1.68 492.09 382.86109.23 900 MS 26 KSC
7740 8100 360 86806 232 1.55 490.54 399.33 91.21 900 MS 24 KSC
8100 9300 1200 86806 232 5.17 485.37 390.01 95.36 900 MS 22 KSC
9300 10080 780 86806 232 3.36 482.01 401.17 80.84 900 MS 22 KSC
10080 10650 570 86806 232 2.46 479.55 410.15 69.40 900 MS 18 KSC
10650 10740 90 86806 232 0.39 479.16 421.35 57.81 900 MS 16 KSC
10740 10870 130 86806 232 0.56 478.60 465.71 12.89 900 MS 14 KSC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Head Calculations

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERMEDIATE STAGE | ULTIMATE STAGE
COMP STATIC -------------------------------|--------------------------------
No. HEAD DIS(I) F.L O.L T.H | DIS(U) F.L O.L T.H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 56.00 86806 4.87 1.13 62.00 86806 4.87 1.13 62.00
C 2 56.00 86806 7.02 0.98 64.00 86806 7.02 0.98 64.00
C 3 56.00 86806 11.17 1.83 69.00 86806 11.17 1.83 69.00
C 4 56.00 86806 17.23 1.77 75.00 86806 17.23 1.77 75.00
C 5 56.00 86806 27.72 3.28 87.00 86806 27.72 3.28 87.00
C 6 56.00 86806 46.86 5.14 108.00 86806 46.86 5.14 108.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

77
Cost of Pumpset B.H.P = Q(U)xT.HxEFF./60x76.06
Equivalent cost = Cost x Eq.Co.fa.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERMEDIATE ULTIMATE
Comb B.H.P. RATE COST B.H.P. RATE COST Eq.Cost TOTAL
No. Pro. /H.P Pro. /H.P
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 1480.0x2 11500 34040000 1480.0x2 11500 34040000 5616600 39656600
C 2 1520.0x2 11500 34960000 1520.0x2 11500 34960000 5768400 40728400
C 3 1640.0x2 11500 37720000 1640.0x2 11500 37720000 6223800 43943800
C 4 1780.0x2 11500 40940000 1780.0x2 11500 40940000 6755100 47695100
C 5 2070.0x2 11500 47610000 2070.0x2 11500 47610000 7855650 55465650
C 6 2570.0x2 11500 59110000 2570.0x2 11500 59110000 9753150 68863150
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost of Electrical Energy-Intermediate Stage

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. B.H.P UNITS. COST OF FIXED MET. COST | CAP.CO E.Co TOTAL
No (ACT) E.E CHA. CHAR. RENT (Int) | (Int) (Ult) COST
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 1474.2 7895519 27634317 828060 2500 28464877 .186E+9 31712521 .217E+9
C 2 1521.7 8150194 28525679 850440 2500 29378619 .192E+9 32730674 .224E+9
C 3 1640.6 8786909 30754182 917580 2500 31674262 .207E+9 35288229 .242E+9
C 4 1783.3 9551041 33428644 995910 2500 34427054 .225E+9 38355169 .263E+9
C 5 2068.6 11079199 38777197 1158165 2500 39937862 .261E+9 44494668 .305E+9
C 6 2567.9 13753476 48137166 1437915 2500 49577581 .324E+9 55234268 .379E+9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost of Electrical Energy- Ultimate stage

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. B.H.P UNITS. COST OF FIXED MET. COST CAP. E.Co.
No (ACT) E.E CHA. CHAR. RENT (Ult) COST (Ult)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 1474.2 8164456 28575596 828060 2500 29406156 .192E+9 31712521
C 2 1521.7 8427806 29497321 850440 2500 30350261 .198E+9 32730674
C 3 1640.6 9086209 31801732 917580 2500 32721812 .213E+9 35288229
C 4 1783.3 9876369 34567292 995910 2500 35565702 .232E+9 38355169
C 5 2068.6 11456579 40098027 1158165 2500 41258692 .269E+9 44494668
C 6 2567.9 14221947 49776815 1437915 2500 51217230 .334E+9 55234268
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of Pumping Main
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP SIZE & TYPE LENGTH RATE AMOUNT TOTAL
No. OF PIPE Met. /Met AMOUNT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1 1400 MS 12 KSC 540 28626 15458040 311164620
1400 MS 18 KSC 1320 28626 37786320
1400 MS 20 KSC 570 28626 16316820
1400 MS 20 KSC 1470 28626 42080220
1400 MS 14 KSC 360 28626 10305360
1400 MS 16 KSC 240 28626 6870240
1400 MS 20 KSC 960 28626 27480960
1400 MS 22 KSC 390 28626 11164140
1400 MS 24 KSC 1500 28626 42939000
1400 MS 24 KSC 390 28626 11164140
1400 MS 22 KSC 360 28626 10305360
1400 MS 20 KSC 1200 28626 34351200
1400 MS 20 KSC 780 28626 22328280
1400 MS 18 KSC 570 28626 16316820
1400 MS 18 KSC 90 28626 2576340
1400 MS 14 KSC 130 28626 3721380
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78
C 2 1300 MS 12 KSC 540 24277 13109580 263890990
1300 MS 18 KSC 1320 24277 32045640
1300 MS 20 KSC 570 24277 13837890
1300 MS 20 KSC 1470 24277 35687190
1300 MS 14 KSC 360 24277 8739720
1300 MS 16 KSC 240 24277 5826480
1300 MS 20 KSC 960 24277 23305920
1300 MS 22 KSC 390 24277 9468030
1300 MS 24 KSC 1500 24277 36415500
1300 MS 24 KSC 390 24277 9468030
1300 MS 22 KSC 360 24277 8739720
1300 MS 22 KSC 1200 24277 29132400
1300 MS 22 KSC 780 24277 18936060
1300 MS 18 KSC 570 24277 13837890
1300 MS 16 KSC 90 24277 2184930
1300 MS 14 KSC 130 24277 3156010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 3 1200 MS 14 KSC 540 21334 11520360 231900580
1200 MS 18 KSC 1320 21334 28160880
1200 MS 20 KSC 570 21334 12160380
1200 MS 20 KSC 1470 21334 31360980
1200 MS 16 KSC 360 21334 7680240
1200 MS 18 KSC 240 21334 5120160
1200 MS 20 KSC 960 21334 20480640
1200 MS 22 KSC 390 21334 8320260
1200 MS 24 KSC 1500 21334 32001000
1200 MS 24 KSC 390 21334 8320260
1200 MS 22 KSC 360 21334 7680240
1200 MS 20 KSC 1200 21334 25600800
1200 MS 20 KSC 780 21334 16640520
1200 MS 18 KSC 570 21334 12160380
1200 MS 18 KSC 90 21334 1920060
1200 MS 14 KSC 130 21334 2773420
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 4 1100 MS 16 KSC 540 17808 9616320 193572960
1100 MS 20 KSC 1320 17808 23506560
1100 MS 22 KSC 570 17808 10150560
1100 MS 22 KSC 1470 17808 26177760
1100 MS 16 KSC 360 17808 6410880
1100 MS 18 KSC 240 17808 4273920
1100 MS 20 KSC 960 17808 17095680
1100 MS 22 KSC 390 17808 6945120
1100 MS 24 KSC 1500 17808 26712000
1100 MS 24 KSC 390 17808 6945120
1100 MS 22 KSC 360 17808 6410880
1100 MS 20 KSC 1200 17808 21369600
1100 MS 20 KSC 780 17808 13890240
1100 MS 18 KSC 570 17808 10150560
1100 MS 16 KSC 90 17808 1602720
1100 MS 14 KSC 130 17808 2315040
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 5 1000 MS 16 KSC 540 14443 7799220 156995410
1000 MS 20 KSC 1320 14443 19064760
1000 MS 22 KSC 570 14443 8232510
1000 MS 22 KSC 1470 14443 21231210
1000 MS 20 KSC 360 14443 5199480
1000 MS 20 KSC 240 14443 3466320
1000 MS 22 KSC 960 14443 13865280
1000 MS 24 KSC 390 14443 5632770
1000 MS 24 KSC 1500 14443 21664500
1000 MS 24 KSC 390 14443 5632770
1000 MS 22 KSC 360 14443 5199480
1000 MS 20 KSC 1200 14443 17331600
1000 MS 20 KSC 780 14443 11265540
1000 MS 18 KSC 570 14443 8232510
79
 1000 MS 16 KSC 90 14443 1299870
1000 MS 14 KSC 130 14443 1877590
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 6 900 MS 20 KSC 540 13045 7044300 141799150
900 MS 24 KSC 1320 13045 17219400
900 MS 26 KSC 570 13045 7435650
900 MS 26 KSC 1470 13045 19176150
900 MS 20 KSC 360 13045 4696200
900 MS 20 KSC 240 13045 3130800
900 MS 22 KSC 960 13045 12523200
900 MS 24 KSC 390 13045 5087550
900 MS 26 KSC 1500 13045 19567500
900 MS 26 KSC 390 13045 5087550
900 MS 24 KSC 360 13045 4696200
900 MS 22 KSC 1200 13045 15654000
900 MS 22 KSC 780 13045 10175100
900 MS 18 KSC 570 13045 7435650
900 MS 16 KSC 90 13045 1174050
900 MS 14 KSC 130 13045 1695850
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total cost
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Combination COST OF COST OF E.B COST OF TOTAL
No. PUMPSET CHARGES P' MAIN AMOUNT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comb. 1 39656600 217757469 311164620 568578689
Comb. 2 40728400 224747792 263890990 529367182
Comb. 3 43943800 242309549 231900580 518153929
Comb. 4 47695100 263368594 193572960 504636654
Comb. 5 55465650 305526446 156995410 517987506
Comb. 6 68863150 379270745 141799150 589933045
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Combination No 4 is found to be Economical

80
GRAVITY MAIN AND BRANCH MAIN CALCULATION
=========================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HGL @ Gravity Main Take of Point : 464.915
GL @ Gravity Main Take of Point : 464.915
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- TUNNEL TO KARATTUMEDU

From @ LS 0 M. of TUNNEL TO KARATTUMEDU
M.W.L of SR :- 447.86 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 464.92 464.91 1.36
11670 12300 630 86806 3413 0.18 0.02 464.72 447.55 17.17 1500 PSC 6KSC
12300 12660 360 86806 3413 0.11 0.01 464.60 443.38 21.22 1500 PSC 6KSC
12660 13995 1335 86806 3413 0.39 0.04 464.17 427.85 36.32 1500 PSC 10KSC
13995 14215 220 86806 3413 0.06 0.01 464.10 422.25 41.85 1500 PSC 12KSC
14215 15075 860 86806 3413 0.25 0.03 463.82 419.55 44.27 1500 PSC 12KSC
15075 15675 600 86806 3413 0.18 0.02 463.62 419.35 44.27 1500 PSC 12KSC
15675 15900 225 86806 3413 0.07 0.01 463.54 413.75 49.79 1500 PSC 12KSC
15900 16485 585 86806 3413 0.17 0.02 463.35 406.35 57.00 1500 PSC 14KSC
16485 17055 570 86806 3413 0.17 0.02 463.16 405.44 57.72 1500 PSC 14KSC
17055 17970 915 86806 3413 0.27 0.03 462.86 400.51 62.35 1500 PSC 16KSC
17970 18300 330 86806 3413 0.10 0.01 462.75 410.75 52.00 1500 PSC 16KSC
18300 18500 200 86806 3413 0.06 0.01 462.68 412.97 49.71 1500 PSC 16KSC
18500 18900 400 86806 3145 0.13 0.01 462.54 419.25 43.29 1500 MS 12 KSC
18900 20175 1275 86806 3145 0.41 0.04 462.09 414.45 47.64 1500 MS 12 KSC
20175 20490 315 86806 3145 0.10 0.01 461.98 413.01 48.97 1500 MS 14 KSC
20490 21012 522 86806 3145 0.17 0.02 461.79 407.59 54.20 1500 MS 14 KSC
21012 21015 3 86806 3145 0.00 0.00 461.79 409.35 52.44 1500 MS 14 KSC
21015 22485 1470 86806 3145 0.47 0.05 461.27 403.25 58.02 1500 MS 14 KSC
22485 23605 1120 86806 3145 0.36 0.04 460.87 399.90 60.97 1500 MS 16 KSC
23605 24669 1064 86806 3145 0.34 0.03 460.50 400.66 59.84 1500 MS 16 KSC
24669 26000 1331 86806 3145 0.42 0.04 460.04 400.08 59.96 1500 MS 16 KSC
26000 26119 119 86806 3413 0.03 0.00 460.01 397.95 62.06 1500 PSC 16KSC
26119 26289 170 86806 3413 0.05 0.01 459.95 399.14 60.81 1500 PSC 16KSC
26289 27609 1320 86806 3413 0.39 0.04 459.52 406.80 52.72 1500 PSC 16KSC
27609 27969 360 86806 3413 0.11 0.01 459.40 409.86 49.54 1500 PSC 14KSC
27969 28389 420 86806 3413 0.12 0.01 459.27 413.45 45.82 1500 PSC 14KSC
28389 28769 380 86806 3413 0.11 0.01 459.15 418.62 40.53 1500 PSC 12KSC
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 11.29
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- EX FMIIIB FROM KARATTUMEDU TO EXMSR

From @ LS 28769 M. of TUNNEL TO KARATTUMEDU
M.W.L of SR :- 448.37 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 459.15 418.62 40.53
0 3240 3240 30000 2387 1.36 0.14 457.65 413.47 44.18 1000 PSC 12KSC
3240 4260 1020 30000 2387 0.43 0.04 457.18 413.50 43.68 1000 PSC 12KSC
4260 6017 1757 30000 2387 0.74 0.07 456.37 425.82 30.55 1000 PSC 12KSC
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 8.00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

81
Branch To :- PRO FMIIIB TO PROP MSR FROM KARATUM
From @ LS 28769 M. of TUNNEL TO KARATTUMEDU
M.W.L of SR :- 448.05 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 459.15 418.62 40.53
0 1200 1200 56806 2135 0.56 0.06 458.53 428.75 29.78 1200 MS 12 KSC
1200 3240 2040 56806 2135 0.96 0.10 457.47 413.47 44.00 1200 MS 12 KSC
3240 3900 660 56806 2135 0.31 0.03 457.13 408.65 48.48 1200 MS 14 KSC
3900 4260 360 56806 2135 0.17 0.02 456.94 413.50 43.44 1200 MS 14 KSC
4260 4500 240 56806 2135 0.11 0.01 456.82 417.45 39.37 1200 MS 12 KSC
4500 5100 600 56806 2135 0.28 0.03 456.51 423.07 33.44 1200 MS 12 KSC
5100 6017 917 56806 2135 0.43 0.04 456.04 426.55 29.49 1200 MS 10 KSC
6017 6570 553 30786 2676 0.21 0.02 455.81 428.00 27.81 1000 MS 10 KSC
6570 6600 30 30786 2676 0.01 0.00 455.80 428.00 27.80 1000 MS 10 KSC
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 7.75
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR TO EX MSR FROM PROP FMIIIB

From @ LS 6017 M. of PRO FMIIIB TO PROP MSR FROM KARATUM
M.W.L of SR :- 448.37 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 456.04 426.55 29.49
0 40 40 16397 918 0.04 0.00 456.00 426.55 29.45 700 CI LACL
40 60 20 16397 918 0.02 0.00 455.98 425.82 30.16 700 CI LACL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 7.61
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR HL ZONE VKR NAGAR PRO SR

From @ LS 6017 M. of PRO FMIIIB TO PROP MSR FROM KARATUM
M.W.L of SR :- 442.23 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 456.04 426.55 29.49
0 990 990 4427 661 1.50 0.15 454.39 429.37 25.02 350 DI K7 PIPE
990 1560 570 4058 777 0.73 0.07 453.59 429.04 24.55 350 DI K7 PIPE
1560 1620 60 4058 777 0.08 0.01 453.50 428.84 24.66 350 DI K7 PIPE
1620 1980 360 3958 814 0.44 0.04 453.02 426.48 26.54 350 DI K7 PIPE
1980 2640 660 2840 1505 0.44 0.04 452.54 425.00 27.54 350 DI K7 PIPE
2640 4650 2010 2740 759 2.65 0.27 449.62 422.73 26.89 300 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 7.39
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR TO HL ZONE RAKKACHI GARDEN PR SR

From @ LS 6017 M. of PRO FMIIIB TO PROP MSR FROM KARATUM
M.W.L of SR :- 442.35 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 456.04 426.55 29.49
0 700 700 5196 492 1.42 0.14 454.48 422.28 32.20 350 DI K7 PIPE
700 2190 1490 5196 492 3.03 0.30 451.15 422.58 28.57 350 DI K7 PIPE
2190 2580 390 4518 637 0.61 0.06 450.48 422.35 28.13 350 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 8.13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

82
Branch To :- BR TO THANGAMMAL NAGAR SR
From @ LS 2190 M. of BR TO HL ZONE RAKKACHI GARDEN PR SR
M.W.L of SR :- 439.85 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 451.15 422.58 28.57
0 450 450 678 345 1.30 0.13 449.72 420.35 29.37 150 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 9.87
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR TO VOC NAGAR (TNHB EXIST SUMP)

From @ LS 1620 M. of BR HL ZONE VKR NAGAR PRO SR
M.W.L of SR :- 429.49 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 453.50 428.84 24.66
0 30 30 100 1658 0.02 0.00 453.48 428.62 24.86 100 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 23.99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR TO GANDHI NAGAR(TNHB) SUMP

From @ LS 1980 M. of BR HL ZONE VKR NAGAR PRO SR
M.W.L of SR :- 427.70 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 453.02 426.48 26.54
0 30 30 1200 17 1.76 0.18 451.08 420.42 30.66 100 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 23.38
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR TO NETHAJI NAGAR (TNHB) SUMP

From @ LS 2640 M. of BR HL ZONE VKR NAGAR PRO SR
M.W.L of SR :- 420.77 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 452.54 425.00 27.54
0 30 30 100 1658 0.02 0.00 452.52 420.42 32.10 100 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 31.75
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branch To :- BR TO GANAPATHY MANAGAR SUMP

From @ LS 990 M. of BR HL ZONE VKR NAGAR PRO SR
M.W.L of SR :- 430.75 <<< Ultimate Calculation >>>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From To Len. Q(U) Grd. FL OL HGL GL RH Type & Size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ 0 LS 454.39 429.37 25.02
0 30 30 369 148 0.20 0.02 454.17 429.75 24.42 100 DI K7 PIPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head Over MWL :- 23.42
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

83
 JNNURM PROGRAMME
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR DEDICATED WATER
SUPPLY SCHEME TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION IN COIMBATORE
DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU STATE

1. INTRODUCTION

It has been proposed to provide water supply improvement scheme to the

people residing at Coimbatore Corporation in Coimbatore District. During the project
formulation and implementation of the project, the environmental components are likely to
affect and thereby causing degradation to the human being and any other living beings. As
our prime object of the human race is to have a better standard of living, the proposed project
has been subjected to Environmental Impact Assessment to find out the adverse impact
arising due to the project.

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The object of the study is to identify and assess the likely environmental and
other impacts of the project and its components. The study shall derive environmental
management plan for bringing out the project environmentally sound and socially acceptable
besides fulfilling their water requirement. Necessary monitoring mechanism for the proper
operation and maintenance of the project with regard to environment has been focused to get
maximum benefit to the people and thereby the project could serve efficiently minimizing the
environmental and social risks arising out of the project.

3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT;

i) Project area
Coimbatore Corporation, one of the commercial and trade centres in West
TamilNadu is located at a longitude of 76o58’00” E and a latitude of 10o58’00” N.
Coimbatore is also Headquarters of Coimbatore District and is located at 500km from
Chennai City.

84
 ii) Existing water supply arrangements.
At present, 150.97 lakh litres of treated drinking water fromSiruvani and
Pillur scheme is being supplied to the Coimbatore Corporation and it is supplied to its
wards daily.
iii) Necessity Of The Scheme:
The existing water supply is insufficient to cater the present need . Due to
Depletion of Ground water table , open well becomes dry.This report therefore deals
with the proposed water supply scheme to Coimbatore city so as to satisfy the
drinking water needs of the residents of this town.The main objectives of Coimbatore
Corporation for providing the full fledged water supply system for Coimbatore town,
based on sustainable and assured source of water supply, qualitatively as well as
quantitatively are -
• To provide safe and adequate water supply facilities to the residents of
Coimbatore town to meetout increased demand due to growing population..
• To improve the local environment as well as the quality of life of population,
living in this area.
• For better socio-economic conditions and more productivity to sustain the
economy of this area, Tamilnadu State and also of the country, at large.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY:

An Environmental Impact Assessment for the WSIS to Coimbatore Corporation in

Coimbatore district has been proposed to be carried out in the project area. The
characteristics of the environmental components namely water, air, land etc., and its field
measurements have been carried out for a specific period of time and are presented in the
report. The highlights of the findings are presented below:
a. Geological features:
The major features of the study area are the plain terrain consisting of

S.No. Name of components Nature of soil Remarks

1 Head works Pillur Reservoir No adverse impact
across Bhavani
River ( Rocky
formation)Existing
2 Treatment plant Red and brown soil No adverse impact

3 Transmission main Red and brown No adverse impact

soil, black cotton,

85
 4 Feeder main Red and brown soil No adverse impact

5 S.R Red and brown soil No adverse impact

b. Meteorological features:
The annual rainfall recorded during the study period is about 623.00 mm. The rain
fall occurs during the South West monsoon periods during June to August and North East
monsoon during October to December. The relative humidity varies from 30 to 95%. The
atmospheric temperature varies from 21.0° to 39° C. The wind speeds varies from
9.5 kmph to 32.6 kmph. The most predominant winds occur from South East with respect to
the project area.

c. Biological features:

Aquatic, terrestrial and fauna were studied. The vegetation analysis and vegetative
cover studies were carried out. Endemic flora, herbal species, man introduced species,
ornamental and non cultivated plants were identified. The main cultivated crops are ragi,
maize, cotton, pulses, etc., the uncultivated lands are covered by a massive growth of species
such as parthenium hystopharus, Annona squamosa, Musa paradisiacal and some Herbaceous
plants like Tephrosia sps., Tephrosia purpurea etc., Regarding the status of fauna, there is no
habitations or breeding place of wild life species list in the Schedule 1. The rest of the fauna
species as could be recorded by the Zoological Survey of India fall mostly under Schedule
IV.

Regarding the aquatic environmental status, there is no lentic habitat in the study area
and no unique feature has been observed. It can be said that the aquatic environment is more
or less stable. The distribution of terrestrial fauna is uniform in the study area. The dominant
groups are spiders, phrynicers, Theylphonus and Galaodes. Among vertebrates, field rats,
Mabuya and Calotes are common. None of them belong to the rare or endangered species.

The bio diversity of plant, animal and bird species are limited in the study area. The
low soil fertility, shortage of water and low water table could be attributed as causing the
poor status of biodiversity.

86
d. Socio Economic studies:

A socio economic survey has been conducted in the study area as a part of EIA.
Based on the ground data, it is found that the total population of the study area is about
29,145. The study area is about105.97 sq.km. The literacy level of the above area is about
82%.
The entire project area have been provided with electricity and well connected by
road. Basic amenities like water supply, transport, telephone, post and telegraph, public
health and sanitations facilities, health centers, recreation facilities like cinema, etc., are
moderately available to the people.

Water supply is available to all the beneficiaries of the project area through Pillur I
scheme and bore wells. About 30% of the people live below poverty line. The main sources
of income for the residents are from agriculture oriented nature either through lands or as
agricultural labour, working in factories in nearby towns.

The proposed WSIS will have a major positive impact on the standard of living of the
people of the project area as it will minimize the hurdles in fulfilling their present water
supply requirements. As the project has been aimed and projected for 15 – 30 years, the
future demands for the people will also be fulfilled and also a provision made for industrial
supply too. Thereby the income generation to the local bodies likely to be increased, besides
improvement to the life style of the people of the project area.

5. Baseline Ambient air quality parameters:

Studies on air quality monitoring stations at the selected sampling stations in

Coimbatore District reveals the followings observations:

During the study period, the SPM concentration varied from a minimum of
45.0 μg/m3 to a maximum of 375 μg/m3. The Nox concentration varied from a minimum of
35.0 μg/m3 to a maximum of 75.0 μg/m3 . The Sox concentration varied from a minimum of
5.0 μg/m3 to a maximum of 20.0 μg/m3. Concentrations of HC and CO were also found
below 1.00 ppm.

87
 Dust fall studies conducted during the study period indicated that the average dust fall
was about 4.0 x 10 -3 MT / sq.km / month and the pH of the dust was 7.5.

The maximum noise levels measured in the zones are as detailed below.

S.No. Name of components Noise level Remarks

measured
1 Head works, Treatment plant 10 dB No adverse impact
2 Transmission main 55 -65 No adverse impact

3 Feeder main 60 No adverse impact

4 S.R 60 No adverse impact
5 Distribution System 60 No adverse impact

6. Soil parameters:

The area is underlined by high grade of metamorphic rock of peninsular gneissic

complex. These rocks are moderately weathered and overlain by alluvium at places. The
major rock types occurring in the taluk are Charnockites and granites and Hornblende Biotitic
gneiss.The permeability rate varies from very high to medium, depending upon the soil
texture. It was reported that the over-exploitation of ground water cause heavy decline in
water level in the Coimbatore Corporation.

7. Water quality:

The periodical water samples collected from Pillur I scheme have been analysed for
various characteristics of water quality and found to be satisfied.
5. PREDICTIONS OF IMPACT:
i) Air Quality:
As the project envisages on water supply to the beneficiaries, there is no involvement
of air and its impact other than the construction phase. However the air quality parameters
like SPM, SOx, NOx data collected reveals there is no impact on air quality. The ground
level concentrations in the downwind locations have also been predicted for various
combinations of wind speeds and stability classes and the concentrations are found within the
permissible limits for the respective parameters.

88
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN:

In order to minimize potential impact of the proposed project, necessary

Environmental Monitoring Plan has to be made during the constructional phase of the project.

HEAD WORKS

The existing intake well of 21 m dia in Pillur reservoir and pump house is now
proposed to be utilized.
The head works should be properly fenced to avoid entry of unauthorized
persons including animals. Aesthetic arrangements like gardening without excess water
utilizing plants have to be grown. Uninterrupted power supply and man power for
continuous operation of the plant has to be ensured. Telecommunication and transport
facilities have to be provided for proper operation and maintenance. Disinfection
arrangement has to be made and the quality of water has to be monitored at proper interval of
time and the quantity of water produced and pumped has to be recorded.

ii) Transmission main:

As the water has to transmit through various sizes and materials of pipe line,
necessary care should be taken to maintain the quantity and quality of water to reach the
beneficiaries through the service reservoirs. Hence, the selection of materials and execution
of the scheme will have to be done to obtain the same.

In order to maintain the pressure levels in the pipeline, necessary water supply
appurtenants viz., air values, scour values, surge release values, etc., have to be installed at
appropriate locations with necessary protections to avoid pilferage by unauthorized persons.

Special care should be taken to lay the pipeline according to norms, viz., laying to
proper grade in undulated terrains, rocky beds with proper cushioning with appropriate
materials like sand, quarry dust, fly ash, etc., avoiding of contact with clayey layers due to
shrinkage property, etc.,

As most of the proposed alignment of the pipeline is traversing through NH, all
precautionary measures will have to make as detailed below:

89
a. The norms related to national high way have to be observed since the
permission has to be accorded from New Delhi.
b. The pipeline has to be taken at the exterior boundary of the highway land since
during widening of the road, pipeline has to be re laid or to be changed, which
is an additional cost either to TWAD Board or to local bodies at later date.
c. To the possible extent, tamarind and other trees grown on the side of the road
has to be avoided. In case of unavoidable circumstances, necessary
arrangements have to make to plant new trees at appropriate locations without
affecting either the pipeline or the road in future.
d. If fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, structures like temples, mosques,
churches, graveyard etc., and other remains of geologic or archeological
interest are found, the local Govt. authorities shall be immediately informed of
such discovery and excavation shall be stopped until identification of cultural
relics by the authorized clearance given to proceed with the work.
e. Crossing of telecommunication cables, pipe line, power cable has to be
properly dealt with by respective dept without affecting its originality and its
service to the people.
f. Construction of foot bridge, pipe carrying bridges etc., have to be properly
assessed and appropriate action be taken to get permission from the respective
authorities.
g. Construction of temporary road and crossing and diversion of traffic has to be
made in time and informing to the concerned officials both verbally and in
writings.
h. Necessary rehabilitation and resettlement provision shall be made during the
implementation of the project. Due compensation be paid in terms of money
to the affected person to meet out the losses arising out of the damage caused
by the project.
i. Land acquisitions procedures will have to be taken in time in case of any
private land interfere on the course of pipeline alignment.
j. Necessary sign board to the work as “Men at work” “Go Slow” “take
diversion” etc., have to be made visible to the people who were on its use.

90
iii) Master Service Reservoir:

The land for the service reservoir has to be properly located in an economical place to
suit the hydraulics of the pipeline. It has to be properly fenced and esthetically beautified.
No deep rooting plants are to be planted that cause damage to the structures. Necessary
communication facilities are extended to the above components to keep them in watch and
ward.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS:

i) Positive Impacts:

a. All the people of the project area will quench their thirst and fulfill their daily
water requirements
b. It saves their time and energy and thereby paves the way for earning more
c. It leads to improved standard of living and find time for recreation and other
activities.
d. The quality of potable water provided improves the health of the residents and
thereby longevity of the people will also be increased
e. Quarrelling for water fetching from available sources be reduced considerably
and thereby improved brotherhood activities
f. Improved revenue generation to local bodies and the income could be used for
paying loans and other public activities
g. The wastewater generating from the houses and through streets could be used
for green belt concept and thereby water pollution, air pollution problems
could be minimized
h. Green belt concept leads to habitant for flora and fauna
i. People will get employment opportunities and thereby average earning could
be increased
j. Ground water table will be raised

ii) Negative Impacts:

a. Constructional phase of the project will lead to air pollution, noise pollution in
their respective areas

91
 b. Dust problem will be arisen which may affect some persons
c. Communication and power supply facilities are likely to get affected in the
areas during construction
d. Continuous running of motors at head works, sumps likely to cause noise
pollution
e. The improved water supply leads to more sullage and drainage problem unless
controlled properly
f. Improper planning of construction activities may lead to traffic jam, diversion
of traffic and related problems cause people to get agony

iii) Mitigation measures:

a. Avoidance of heavy equipments that produce noise at school and hospital

zones
b. Proper planning on constructional phase could minimize all the air pollution
and noise pollution
c. Sprinkling of water on the construction materials could minimize dust problem
d. Communication and power interruption problems could be minimized by
getting proper coordination from the respective dept
e. Green belt and growing more trees could minimize noise pollution at pumping
stations.
f. House gardening could reduce sullage problem to certain extent at house level
and the drainage collected through streets be properly collected and
economical drainage through Sewage treatment plant should be provided to
avoid insanitation and related problems.
g. Traffic could be regulated by putting caution board at appropriate locations
and informing the concerned authorities like police can bring down the
people’s agony to a great extent.
h. People shall be made aware of the on going project through various means and
levels and make them to co operate for the effective usage of water and
disposal of wastewater
i. Rehabilitation and resettlement with due compensation be ensured to the
affected persons

92
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN:

After commissioning of the project, it is handed over to the local bodies for
maintenance and no monitoring is effecting to either quality or quantity. No water auditing
is under taken to access the incoming and out going water quantities. Perhaps, lack of
knowledgeable persons in local bodies or not aware of the fact. Hence, the executing
authority namely, TWAD Board shall assign the above nature work including water audit and
environmental monitoring.
Enquiries with the people have revealed that the efficiency in operation and
maintenance of water supply system by the respective local bodies are found to be
inadequate. As such the role of TWAD Board will not end with mere handing over of the
project (infrastructures within the local body area) after completion. It is the moral
responsibility of TWAD Board to monitor the Operation and Maintenance of the internal
distribution at proper interval of time. Policy makers are to be informed about the fact of
poor maintenance of the completed schemes by the local bodies. A monitoring team by
TWAD has to be formulated and monitor the supply every fortnight.

9. WATER AUDIT:
The local bodies are unaware of water auditing. It is like a balance sheet of income
and expenditure made. Similarly, the quantity of water received at the receiver end and the
quantity of water supplied to the public should be accounted for. No water meter is in
working condition in many of the places in the project area. Equitable and rationalized water
supply be effected throughout the distribution network. By adopting stringent measures for
proper distribution of water to the public, adequate funds could be generated and the water
dues could be paid to the funding agencies in time to avoid litigation at future date.
Necessary byelaws, Rules and Regulation are to be initiated to this effect.
10. CONCLUSION:
The proposed project envisages water supply to the above municipality. The
implementation and maintenance of the project has no adverse impact either on
environmental components or during the constructional phase. The likely impact arising out
of the project are discussed in depth and recommended for its course of action. Necessary
Environmental Monitoring Plan has been suggested for implementing the project to keep the
environment safe.
In general, the project as a whole is a warm welcoming scheme and will have positive
impact on the people of the area who were longed for the dependable and potable water.

93
Environmental Screening Format

PART A
Name of Applying Urban Local Body: COIMBATORE CORPORATION

Name of the Sub-component: HW,RW main,TP,cw Main,MSR, Feeder main ,

Service Reservoir,D System

Name of Sub-project: DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION

Geographical areas covered by Sub-Project :

Name of Line Department/Organization Responsible:

Name and address of Officer responsible:

1. Does the Sub-project is adjacent to : Please √ in one box

i) Cultural Heritage site Yes No √

ii) Protected Area Yes No √

iii) Wet Land Yes No √

iv) Mangrove Yes No √

v) Estuarine Region Yes No √

vi) Other SECs as listed in ERF Yes No √

94
2. Does the proposed sub-project could cause negative impacts on: Please √ in one box

i) Surrounding Environmental Conditions Yes No √

ii) Degradation of land / eco-systems Yes No√

iii) Loss or impacts on Cultural / heritage properties Yes No √

iv) Occupation of low lying lands / flood plains, etc. Yes No √

v) Water Resource Problems Yes No√

vi) Air / Noise Pollution Yes No √

vii) Pollution of Water bodies / ground water Yes No√

viii) Cutting of Trees / Loss of Vegetation Yes No√

ix) Health & Safety Risks in the neigh bour hood Yes No√

x) Constriction hazards to workers / residents Yes No √

xi) Release of toxic gasses or accident risks Yes No√

3) Any other features of the projects that could influence ambient environment

4) Has any Environmental Assessment (EA) been carried out Yes No√

(if yes, please provide the EA documents along with this form)

95
 Social Screening Format

PART A
Name of Applying Urban Local Body: COIMBATORE CORPORATION

Name of the Sub-component HW,RW main,TP,cw Main,MSR, Feeder main ,

Service Reservoir,D System

Name of Sub-project: DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

TO COIMBATORE CORPORATION

Geographical areas covered by Sub-Project :

Name of Line Department/Organization Responsible:

Name and address of Officer responsible:

1. Does the Sub-project involve: Please √ in one box

i) Acquisition of homestead land Yes No√

ii) Acquisition of private "patta" land Yes No√

iii) Acquisition of village "poramboke" land Yes√ No

iv) Alienation of any type of Government land Yes √ No

including that owned by Urban Local Body

v) Transfer of land Yes No√

vi) Clearance of encroachments from Yes No√

Government/Urban Local Body Land

vii) Clearance of squatting from Government/ Yes No√

Urban Local Body Land

2. Does the proposed sub-project adversely affect: Please √ in one box

i) Any type of sources of livelihood Yes No √

ii) Any type of homes/structures Yes No √

96
3. PART B [If any of the above is 'Yes', provide approximate information
required below]

i) Number of households to be acquired - NIL

ii) Number of structures, both authorized and/or

unauthorized to be acquired/cleared -NIL

iii) Number of households to be displaced - NIL

iv) Acres of "patta" land to be acquired - NIL

v) Acres of Government land to be alienated -- NIL

vi) Acres of land to be transferred -NIL

vii) Details of village common properties to be alienated

Pasture land (acres)
Cremation/burial ground -NIL
Others - specify

viii) Number of encroachments to be cleared -NIL

Number of persons affected

ix) Number of squattings to be cleared -NIL

Number of persons affected

4. Adversely affected sources of livelihood: Please √ in all applicable boxes

Loss of Agricultural Land - NIL

Petty Shops -NIL Vegetable/Fish/Meat vending - NIL

Cycle repair shop - NIL Garage -NIL Tea stalls - NIL

Loss of Grazing - NIL Loss of access to forest produce (NTFP) -NIL

Any others - specify.

97
5. Approximate number of persons affected -NIL

Acquisition of homestead land -NIL

Acquisition of "patta" land -NIL

Petty shops -NIL

Vendors -NIL

Cycle repair shops -NIL

Garage -NIL

Tea stalls -NIL

Loss of grazing -NIL

Loss of access to NTFP -NIL

Others including community assets/temples

etc. (Specify) -NIL

98
Environmental Issue Action to be Taken Agency
Responsible
for Action
Construction Phase
Site Clearance • Minimum damage to existing structures, flora &
fauna, electricity and telephone lines and other Contractor
Infrastructural services
• Identify sites for stacking of pipes, Municipality
Construction materials and disposal
Of debris/refuse
Earth work Excavation • Ensure unobstructed natural drainage through Contractor
proper drainage channels/ structures
• Dispose surplus excavated earth at identified sites Contractor/
Municipality
• Ensure minimum hindrance to normal local
activities and business Contractor
• Avoid damage to permanent structures as far as
possible Contractor

Soil Compaction • Restrict traffic movements, and use low ground Contractor
pressure machines
• Preserve top soil to be replaced after completion of Contractor
construction activity
Social Disruptions • Minimise interruptions to utility services through Contractor/
proper planning and scheduling of activities and Municipality
inter-departmental co-ordination
• Construction of temporary road/access and Contractor/
diversion of traffic Municipality
• Preference to local labour/skilled persons during Contractor/
construction, operation & maintenance Municipality

99
Environmental Management and Training

Environmental Action to be Taken Agency

Issue Responsible for
Action
Dust/Air • Dust control through sprinkling/washing of Contractor
Pollution construction sites and access roads particularly in
places near towns
• Trucks transporting construction materials shall be Contractor
covered to minimise spills
• Preventive maintenance of construction equipment
and vehicles to meet emission standards Contractor
Noise Pollution • Where residences are located within 200m from Contractor
construction sites and in sensitive areas like
hospitals, schools, zoological parks etc. noisy
construction work shall be undertaken during day
time only (730 hrs – 1800 hrs)
• Maintenance of machines and trucks shall be Contractor
strengthened so as to keep them with low noise
• Sound barriers in inhabited areas shall be installed Contractor
during the construction phase
Aesthetic • Aesthetic enhancement through proper house Contractor
Impairment keeping of construction sites
• Disposal of construction wastes at the approved Contractor
disposal site(s) /Municipality
• Closure of the trenches after pipe laying/completion
of work Contractor
• Repair pavements immediately following
construction of pipeline and appurtenant structures Contractor
• Complete construction activity by removing all
temporary structures, restoring the project and Contractor
surrounding areas as near as possible to the pre-
construction condition

100
Environmental Action to be Taken Agency
Issue Responsible for
Action
Conservation of • Farmland and forest belts shall not Contractor/
Ecological be used for material borrow sites Municipality
Resources • Arable land shall not be selected as material borrow
sites as much as possible. If excavation has to be Contractor
done in arable land, topsoil layer (30 cm) shall be
saved and returned after construction work is
completed, so as to minimize impacts on
ecosystem, agriculture and animal husbandry.
• Education of construction workers shall be
strengthened to protect natural resources, wild Contractor
plants and animals.
Risk of • In order to guarantee construction safety, efficient Contractor
Accidents lighting and safety signs shall be installed on
temporary roads during construction, and adequate
traffic regulations shall be adopted & implemented
for temporary roads
• During construction, effective safety & warning Contractor
measures shall be adopted to reduce accidents.
• Provide temporary crossings/bridges to facilitate Contractor
normal life and business
Cultural Relics • If fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, Contractor
structures and other remains of geologic or
archaeological interest are found the local
government shall be
Immediately informed of such discovery, and
excavation shall be stopped until identification of
cultural relics by the authorized institution of
preservation is completed.
Traffic and • Use major roads to avoid traffic congestion and Contractor/Muni
Transportation insist on compliance by contractor cipality
• Local construction materials especially earth and
stones shall be used as much as possible to avoid
long distance transportation Contractor/Muni
• Adequate actions to direct and regulate traffic shall cipality
be taken in consultation with Municipality when
roads are jammed during the construction period
• Where sections of existing roads are used for
transportation of construction materials, subsidiary Contractor
roads shall be constructed as appropriate, so that the
existing roads are not unduly congested
• Transportation of construction materials shall be so
planned as to avoid transport activities during hours Contractor
of peak traffic especially for existing roads

101
Environmental • Explore the possibility of reuse of treated waste Municipality
Pollution water
• Prevent loss of chlorine and other chemicals and Municipality
ensure prescribed safety measures for their storage,
handling and application
• Utilize the dried sludge as fertilities
Others • Implement a well-planned program of human Municipality
resource development aimed at increasing the
competence and capabilities of technical and
administrative personnel at all levels.

102
 POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Urban infrastructure projects aim to improve the standard of living within an urban local and hence have associated
positive impacts. However, possible negative impacts of urban infrastructure projects are as shown below :
Project 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
I) Water Supply

A. Water Supply
1. Headworks θ

2 Water treatment θ
plants
3. Feeder mains and
conveying main
4. Service Reservoir
5. D System
1: Land use change 6: Noise 11: Urban Aesthetics
2: Hydrology and Drainage Patterns 7: Solid Waste 12: Public Health and Safety
3: Surface and Ground Water 8: Destruction of habitat/ Vegetation 13: Smell and Smoke
Quality 9: Disturbance to Other Services 14: Fire Hazards
4: Water Logging 10: Urban Congestion 15: Resettlement and Rehabilitation
5: Air Quality 16: Insect menace

Note : ν Major Negative Impact ; θ Minor Negative Impact

-- 103