CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Rationale

Teachers play an important role in the lives of children. In addition to facilitating

learning, teachers are key agents of socialization, helping students reach their highest

potential and develop into responsible citizens. But, over the past years, Teaching

has become increasingly stressful. Without question, teachers are central to student

success. Teaching can also be one of the most stressful, demanding, and under

supported professions, leading to national teacher strikes, shortages, and high rates

of turnover. Relative to professionals in other sectors, educators experience

significantly more stress and suffer more often from mental health problems. In

fact, 61 percent of educators reported that their work is “always” or “often” stressful.

Failing to address the mental health needs of teachers may affect their ability to

address critical needs among students. Teacher wellness has been linked not only to

teachers’ physical health, but also to stability in schools and to teaching effectiveness

and student achievement. Moreover, teachers’ emotions and stress levels have been

found to influence those of students and other teachers.

Although almost everyone understands the importance of student well-being

and how teachers impact students, there is much less consideration for the health

care of teachers themselves. Even when teacher health is considered, it is often

narrowly defined and something teachers are expected to “fix” on their own. This

research brief examines the sources and factors of teacher health care deficit to help

improve teacher well-being and performance, and recommends next generation

research, that can build and sustain a culture of health for teachers in schools.

1
 Theoretical & Conceptual Framework of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Demographic profile of the Determining the degree of

respondents in terms of
a) Age
b) Sex
c) Position
d) Civil Status
e) Income
2. What is the degree of the
health condition
respondents usually suffer?
3. To what extent are the
factors affecting the health care
among the respondents?
4. What are the actions being
executed by the respondents in
order to manage health care
problems?
health condition of the
respondents they usually
suffer
Determining the factors that
affects the health care of the
respondents in order to
manage their heal
Respondent’s profession
the Determining the actions significantly affects their
executed by the respondents overall health
in order to manage their health
care problems
Researchers utilizes Interview
as the data collection method
with the means of structured
questionnaires

5. Is there a significant
relationship between the health
care of the respondents and
their profession?

2
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the health care deficit among school teachers.

The following questions are enlisted that are especially assigned to help answer the

study

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?

a) Age d) Civil Status

b) Sex e) Income

c) Position

2. What is the degree of the health condition the respondents usually suffer?

3. To what extent are the factors affecting the health care among the respondents?

4. What are the actions being executed by the respondents in order to manage health

care problems?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the health care of the respondents and

their profession?

Hypothesis

The following hypothesis were formulated for the present study:

Ha: There is a significant relationship between the health care of the teachers

and their profession.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the health care of the teachers

and their profession.

3
Scope and Delimitation

The primary focus of this study is to determine the Health care deficit among

school teachers of Mapandan National High School. Specifically, this study covers

the accessibility, the collaboration, willingness to participate and honesty of our

respondents in answering the questionnaires. This study was conducted starting from

June 2019. The study delimits only on 30 respondents. The constituted respondents

were 5 male teachers and 25 female teachers.

Significance of the Study

The researchers would like to share with genuine interest how significant the

study is to the following group of persons:

Students - This study will serve as an inspiration in putting more motivation and effort

in studying of the students, which in return, may affect their academic performance.

Moreover, the students will be given better their perception understanding to with

regards to the health conditions of the teachers.

Administration - This study will serve as basis for them to assess the importance of

the healthcare of the teachers, particularly in promoting more productive educators.

This study will also help in the assessment of the teacher's needs and be able to

provide the needs for the teachers.

Parents - This study will serve as an instrument in the enhancement of their

knowledge on their perception regarding the healthcare deficit of the teachers as they

exemplify to their children and how it directly translate into effects in educating

performance and productivity of teachers.

4
Teachers - This study may serve as inspiration for them to mold students even better,

and styles in teaching habits thus making students in becoming a better person. They

will be guided about this study on what steps or preparations they should conduct to

have a healthy living despite of their profession. This study will also help them realize

that their health is important to be able to teach.

Future Researchers - This study will serve as their reference for their future research

undertakings and they may use the gathered data as basis in conducting research

studies of their own.

Definition of Terms

Teacher - A person who pursued education in college; a person whose job is to teach

students about certain subjects or units.

Health - The overall condition of the body from physical, emotional to mental.

Risk - a possible danger or a threat to a person or infrastructure.

Profession - occupation or job of a person where he/she passionately executes

his/her certain task.

Deficit - Lack of something

Anxiety - a type of mental disorder which can occur to everyone, especially who

suffer from stress, sadness or pressure.

Salary - a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly or biweekly basis

Checkup - an act of a person which he/she consults a doctor about his/her health.

Commonly, checkups are conducted by diagnosing or having a recommendation to

the patient.

5
Anemia- a health problem in which a person has a decreased red blood cells than

the average and feels very weak, tired and sometimes nauseated.

UTI - a health condition which the urinary tract is affected by some sort of bacteria

which inflicts excruciating pain and difficulty of urinating.

Hyperacidity - a health condition which the stomach is affected by having so much

butyric acid than normal. Usually, the patient feels bloated or have an excruciating

pain in the left part of their abdomen.

Rheumatoid Arthritis - is an autoimmune disease, which cause pain in the Joint and

damage throughout the body.

6
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter reviews related literature and studies which were reviewed by the

researcher that are related to the present study.

Related Literature

A teacher's wellness gets reflected on the students' wellness. Teachers are

likely to be the first role models any student would have. Students tend to walk on

their role model’s footsteps and imitate them. Teachers, who establish a healthy

work/life balance, have more energy and serve as healthy lifestyle role models for

their students (Greycaps, 2019). Healthy children are fast learners, Healthy and

aware teachers promote healthy behaviours and practices among students, who then

emulate these behaviours into their own lifestyle and engage in more health-

promoting activities. Hence, one sees a simple two step chain with the philosophy,

that whatever the teacher or role model does is easily adopted by the students.

Teaching has been reported to be one of the most stressful occupations in the

world. Workload is a common reason for teachers to leave the profession. Workload

is a term that introduces how much an operator uses epistemological and physical

sources for doing a job. Workload is a multi-dimensional and complicate structure that

is impressed by external needs of task, mental, organizational factors and cognitive

capabilities (Abirami M. J et al.) Work environment is formed by physical, mental and

social motives and each of these factors could be one of the burnt-out factors, which

in turn could induce undesirable effects on the both physical and mental welfare.

Numerous studies related to teaching profession have pointed out the impact of

7
physical activity upon the risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases

(CVD), overweight/obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance;

insulin resistance (IR) may cause discomfort and dysfunction of various organs. The

different forms of work, reflected in their organizational aspects, may cause various

health consequences and compromise the quality of life of teachers.

Related Studies

The work of teachers has a fundamental social value because education can

ensure economic growth, and technical and scientific development in any society. In

Brazil, there are over 2.6 million teachers working in basic and higher education, and

they are responsible for instructing millions of Brazilian student. (Estudo mostra a

situação do professor brasileiro 2013). But have you ever wondered about teacher’s

wellness? Will this impact the students in any manner? It is very beneficial for schools

to carry out workplace wellness programs that covers all school staff. By creating a

culture of healthy lifestyle - from being more physically active to eating healthier foods

and carrying out hygienic practices, wellness programs improve employee morale

and increases an individual’s focusing ability, among many other benefits.

Regular physical activity improves brainpower. Incorporating physical activity into the

classrooms not only engages students in their free time but also results in energized

students who will learn better. Such students have positive attitude towards school

and studies, better academic achievement and attendance.

According to Frutuoso JT, Cruz RM. (2005), many diseases and

cardiovascular risk factors could decrease the capacity for work of teachers and office

8
workers. When comparing these professions, teachers had a 1.6 higher risk of work

ability impairment compared to office workers. Teachers were more exposed to a

heavy workload, which probably affected the retirement due to illness

Greenberg MT, Brown JL, and Abenavoli RM, made an examination about the

causes of teachers’ stress, its effects on teachers, schools, and students, and

strategies for reducing its impact. They have found out that Forty-six percent of

teachers report high daily stress, which compromises their health, sleep, quality of

life, and teaching performance. When teachers are highly stressed, students show

lower levels of both social adjustment and academic performance. Interventions on

the organizational or individual level, or those that reach both, can help reduce

teacher stress by changing the culture and approach to teaching. Programs for

mentoring, workplace wellness, social emotional learning, and mindfulness are all

proven to improve teacher well-being and student outcomes.

Healthy employees are a crucial component of a happy and progressive

school. A healthy and stress free workplace makes for satisfied and high performing

employees. Such school employees are more likely to be happy in their position of

work and tend to stay longer. They display good attendance records and take fewer

leaves, thus providing the stability and continued development which is very essential

for educational success.

9
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the procedure within which the research was

conducted. In more details, it outlines the research methods used, locale of the study,

participants of the study, instrumentation, data-gathering procedure and statistical

treatment of data.

Research Methods Used

In order to satisfy the objectives of the study, it utilized descriptive design

adopting quantitative research. According to Babbie (2010), quantitative methods

emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical

analysis of data collected through questionnaires and survey using computational

techniques. It focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing across the

groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon

The researcher in this case should adopt the descriptive research method.

Ritchie et al. (2003) opined that by using the descriptive method, the researcher will

be able to observe a large mass of target population and make required conclusions

about the variables. The study aimed to find out if there is a significant relationship

between the teachers’ profession and their health care. The information collected

from the respondents will be presented in this type of research method for the easy

interpretation of the report.

10
Locale of the Study

The study is conducted primarily at the ground of Mapandan National High

School. It is located at Barangay Poblacion, Mapandan, Pangasinan. The study was

delimited to the 30 teachers and they served as the respondents of this research

study and they are presently teaching in the school year 2019-2020.

Participants of the Study

The respondents of the study were a total of the 30 randomly selected

teachers aged 22 to 50 years old and above. Specifically, the respondents consist of

5 male teachers and 25 female teachers and composed of 5 Teacher I, 19 Teacher

II, 4 Teacher III, 1 Master Teacher II and 1 others. These teachers are presently

teaching in the school year 2019-2020.

Instrumentation

The main instrument used for this study is a structured questionnaire in order

to gather data from the respondents. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out of

the researcher’s readings, professional literature, published and unpublished

research papers relevant to the study. The questionnaire was distributed and

answered by the respondents comprising teachers from Mapandan National High

School.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the questionnaire was administered to the respondents, a letter

of request was sent to the Principal. Upon approval, the researcher retrieves the

11
request letter in conducting the interview. The researchers personally administered

the research instruments to the respondents. They conferred and discussed the

significance of the study and accomplished the distribution of the instruments

properly. The one-to-one interview of the teachers was conducted to get an idea by

the use of the structured questionnaires. It was conducted during the available time

of the respondents.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical treatment has been employed to analyze the data. To answer sub-problem

1: Simple percentage was used to describe the demographic profile of the respondents:

Simple Percentage:
𝑓
𝑃 = 𝑛 ∗ 100%

Where:

P = percentage

F = frequency

N = number of respondents

To describe the health care deficit among school teachers, weighted mean score was
employed.
Weighted Mean Score:
𝑋𝑖 𝑓𝑖
WMS = ∑𝑛𝑥=1
𝑁

Where:
X= overall mean
N= number of populations
Xi= weight of response of the subjects
Fi= frequency in every weight in each response

12
To answer sub-problem 2 on the degree of the health condition of the respondents
usually suffer.
Tools for Data analysis was used.
Indicator:
1 1.75 Always
1.76 2.5 Often
2.51 3.25 Sometimes
3.26 4 Never

To answer sub-problem 3 on factors affecting the health care among the respondents
Tools for Data analysis was used.
Indicator:
0 1.75 Strongly DisAgree
1.76 2.5 Disagree
2.51 3.25 Agree
3.26 4 Strongly Agree

To answer sub-problem 4 on the action executed by the respondents in order to

manage their health care problems
Tools for Data analysis was used.
Indicator:
0 1.75 Nothing at all
1.76 2.5 Doing exercise
2.51 3.25 Regular chek -ups
3.26 4 taking medicines

To answer sub-problem 5 on significant relationship of respondent’s profession to

their health care: The Person product moment correlation coefficient was used.
Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient:

𝑁 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − ∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√[𝑁 ∑ 𝑥2 − (∑ 𝑥)2 ] [𝑁 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]

Where:

N= Number of populations

∑ 𝑥𝑦 =Sum of the products of paired scopes

13
∑ 𝑥 =Sum of x scores (The first variable: The respondent’s profession)

∑ 𝑦=Sum of y scores (The second variable: The respondent’s healthcare)

∑ 𝑥 2 =Sum of squared of X scores

∑ 𝑦 2 =Sum of squared of Y scores

14
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results and finding, analysis, and interpretation of

data

Table 1 presents the demographic profile of the respondents which includes

their age, sex, civil status, position and salary.

Demographic Profile of Respondents

To address the first specific sub-problem of the study, data were obtained from

the respondents which include 5 of their characteristics. These are: age, sex, civil

status, position and salary.

To answer sub-problem 1 on demographic profile of the respondents. Table

1 illustrates the demographic profile of the respondents.

Table 1

N=30

Demographic Variables Frequency Percentage (%)

A. Age

22 - 29 years old 11 37%

30-39 years old 10 33%

40-49 years old 6 20%

50 years old and above 3 10%

Total 30 100%

B. Sex

15
 Male 5 17%

Female 25 83%

Total 30 100%

C. Civil Status

Married 14 47%

Single 15 50%

Widowed 1 3%

Separated 0 0%

Total 30 100%

D. Position

Teacher I 5 17%

Teacher II 19 63%

Teacher III 4 13%

Master Teacher I 1 3%

Master Teacher II 0 0%

Others 1 3%

Total 30

E. Salary

₱ 18,000 - ₱25,000 24 80%

₱ 25,001 - ₱ 35,000 5 17%

₱ 35,001- ₱ 44,000 1 3%

₱ 45,000- above 0 0%

Total 30 100%

Age. Table 1 explicates that among the 30 respondents aged 22-29 years

old dominated the respondents with 11 teachers or 37 percent, those who aged 30-

39 years old has 10 teachers or 33 percent, those who aged 40-49 years old has 6

16
teachers or 20 percent. The lowest in the age category is 50 years old and above

with only 3 teachers or 10 percent.

Sex. Among the 30 respondents, we can draw that majority of the

respondents were female with 25 teachers or 83 percent of the total respondents.

Only 5 teachers or 17 percent were male that belong to this category.

Civil Status. Among the 30 respondents, we can draw that majority of the

respondents were married with 14 teachers or 47 percent of the total respondents.

15 teachers or 50 percent are single and 1 teacher or 3 percent is widowed while 0

percent or none is separated.

Position. Among the 30 respondents, we can draw that Teacher II

dominated the respondents with 19 teachers or 63 percent, Teacher I with 5

teachers or 17 percent, Teacher III with 4 teachers or 13 percent and Master

Teacher I with only 1 teacher or 3 percent and none or 0 percent answered Master

Teacher II while 1 teacher or 3 percent belong to Others.

Salary. Among the 30 respondents, we can draw that majority of the

respondents received ₱18,000- ₱25,000 monthly with 24 teachers or 80 percent of

the total respondents. 5 teachers or 17 percent received ₱25,000-35,000. Only 1

teacher or 3 percent answered ₱35,000- ₱44,000. However none or 0 percent

answered ₱45,000- above.

To answer sub-problem 2 the health condition of the respondents they

usually suffer Table 2 illustrates on the degree of the health condition of the

respondents.

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 Table 2

N=30
Health Conditions WMS Interpretation

Asthma 3.27 Never

Anemia 3.07 Sometimes

Hypertension 3.13 Sometimes

Skin diseases 3.1 Sometimes

Cancer/Tumor 3.43 Never

Rheumatic Arthritis 3.27 Never

Anxiety/Insomnia 2.57 Sometimes

UTI 3.33 Never

Muscle Pain 2.7 Sometimes

Hyperacidity/Ulcer 3.2 Sometimes

Grand Mean 3.11 Sometimes

Legend:
1 1.75 Always
1.76 2.5 Often
2.51 3.25 Sometimes
3.26 4 Never

Table 3 shows that majority of respondents sometimes suffer from Muscle

Pain with 2.7 WMS, interpreted as Sometimes, Next is the Anxiety/Insomnia with

2.57 WMS interpreted as Sometimes. While the respondent’s never suffer from the

health condition like asthma with 3.27 WMS, cancer with 3.43 WMS, rheumatic

arthritis with 3.27 WMS and UTI with 3.33. WMS.

To answer sub-problem 3 on the factors affecting the health care of the

respondents Table 3 illustrates factors that contribute to the health care deficit of the

respondents

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 Table 3

N=30

WMS Interpretation

Student's Performance 3.07 Agree

Building Structures 2.53 Agree

Instructional Materials 3 Agree

Natural Setting 3.33 Strongly Agree

Working Environment 3.03 Agree

Number of Subject Preparation 2.9 Agree

Salary 2.07 Disagree

Grand Mean 2.85 Agree

Legend: 4 – Strongly Disagree (0 - 1.75)

3- Disagree (1.76 – 2.5)

2- Agree (2.51 – 3.25)

1- Strongly Agree (3.26 – 4)

Table 2 shows that the respondents strongly agree that natural setting like

dust, warm and noise affect their health condition with the weighed mean score of

3.33. While Salary attains the lowest mean score with 2.07. While the respondents

agree that student’s performance (3.07), working environment (3.03), instructional

materials (3), number of subject preparation (2.9), and building structures (2.53)

affects their overall health condition.

To answer sub-problem 4 the actions being executed by the respondents

Table 4 illustrates the actions executed by the respondents in order to manage their

health care problems

19
 Table 4

N=30

Questions WMS Interpretation

Please indicate your assessment 3.30 Very Good

towards your health

Do you take any essential 3.23 Sometimes

supplements/medicines prescribed by

a doctor? (E.g. High blood, Diabetes)

. Do you make excuses or neglect your 2.50 Rarely

healthcare issues?

What are the actions that you execute 3.20 Regular check-ups
in order to manage health care

problems?

Around how many hours do you teach in 2.93 5 hours and 30 minutes to
a regular basis?
6 hours

Among the 30 respondents indicated their assessment towards their health at

3.30 of the weighed mean score or interpreted as Very Good. 3.23 of the weighed

mean score or Sometimes that the respondents take any essential

supplements/medicines prescribed by a doctor. Rarely or 2.50 of the weighed mean

score answered that they make excuses or neglect their health care issue. Lastly,

Among the 30 respondents 3.20 of the weighed mean score interpreted as Regular

check-ups are the actions executed in order to manage their health care problems

qwhile 2.93 of the weighed mean score interpreted as 5 hours and 30 minutes to 6

hours is the respondents’ teach in regular basis.

20
 To answer sub-problem 5 if there’s a significant relationship between the

health care of the teachers and their profession Table 5 demonstrates the Correlation

between the health care of the teachers and their profession

Correlation between variables

Variables rxy Computed t Tabular t Decision

Personality
0.1878 1.012 1.701 Reject Ho
Career Guidance

Since the computed t (1.012) is lesser than the tabular t (1.701), it further
suggests that there is a significant relationship on the health care of the teachers and
their profession. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level.

21
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This represents the summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation

based on the data obtained from the respondents.

Summary

This study aims to determine the healthcare deficit among school teachers.

In order to satisfy the objectives of the study, it utilized descriptive design adopting

quantitative research. The study is conducted primarily at the ground of Mapandan

National High School. It is located at Barangay Poblacion, Mapandan, Pangasinan.

The study was delimited to the 30 teachers and they served as the respondents of

this research study and they are presently teaching in the school year 2019-2020.

It can be inferred that among the 30 respondents aged 22-29 years old dominated

the respondents with 11 teachers or 37 percent. We can draw that majority of the

respondents were female with 25 teachers or 83 percent of the total respondents.

Only 5 teachers or 17 percent were male that belong to this category. Majority of the

respondents were married with 14 teachers or 47 percent of the total respondents.

Among the 30 respondents, we can draw that majority of the respondents received

₱18,000- ₱25,000 monthly with 24 teachers or 80 percent of the total respondents

The researchers personally administered the research instruments to the

respondents. They conferred and discussed the significance of the study and

accomplished the distribution of the instruments properly. The one-to-one interview

22
of the teachers was conducted to get an idea by the use of the structured

questionnaires. It was conducted during the available time of the respondents.

In the indicator of the health care deficit of among school teacher this implied

that there is a significant relationship between teaching profession and there health

care.

Conclusion

In the view of the findings the following conclusion were drawn, there were

thirty (30) selected teachers of Mapandan National High School used as respondents

of the study. The study utilized semi- structured questionnaires for the data gathering.

Among the 30 respondents, Very Good is the indicated assessment towards

their health condition. To the extent that natural setting like dust, warm and noise is

the most common factor and contributor of the health care deficit. However, majority

of the respondents claimed that muscle pain is the most common health condition

they suffer. With regards to their health condition, Doing regular check-ups in a doctor

is the main action they execute in order to manage their health care deficit.

Therefore the researchers conclude that there is a significant relationship

between the health care of the teachers and their profession.

Recommendation

Based on the results, findings and conclusions that are presented in the

study, the following recommendations are formulated for the respondents:

1. Continue to spread the message that teaching is a highly valued and important

occupation and to communicate the many positives of teaching.

23
2. Encourage the production and take-up of high-quality curricular materials and

textbooks so that teachers can spend less time on lesson planning, which takes up

a large part of non-teaching time.

3. Continue to reduce administration in schools and providers, and disseminate

successful strategies and encourage effective leadership development for leaders in

schools, trusts and providers.

4. Teachers are recommended to have a maintenance supplements and eat healthy

foods like vegetables and fruits, for them to be able to have a stronger resistance to

infections or diseases.

5. The researchers endorsed that muscle pain would be prevented if the teacher is

doing exercise or yoga, which are proven to strengthen the muscles and bones. They

should also have massage therapy.

6. Teachers who suffer from stairs or other school structures are recommended to

refrain from using those buildings or teach in an alternative classroom.

7. Teachers are advised to facilitate their students to clean their environment to

prevent/lessen the effect of natural settings in their health. Teachers should have

enough rest and relaxation to have peace of mind so that they won’t have stress and

anxiety.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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