Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
c)
Sepals
Hybridization
Mutation
Polyploidy
Genetic Modification
Micro RNA
Single, semi-double & double type of flower are genetically controlled
The morphology of
flowers & inflorescences
can be affected by
mutation
In Compositae, an
increase in whorls of
ligulate florets as well as
a conversion from
ligulate into tubular
florets was described
Carnation varieties co-developed by Kirin Agribio
and the JAEA using ion beams. The flower on the
upper-left corner is the parent(var. .Vital.) and the
others are mutants. Tanaka et al., 2010
Polyploidy
Polyploidy breeding : Effective
method to double the chromosome
number
Genetic variations created can be
further used in breeding
Main consequences of induced
polyploidy are increase in size and
shape of plants/leaves/ branches,
flower parts, fruits & seeds
(Chopra, 2008)
Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators for the control of various
plant phenomena
AGO
AGO RNA Pol
mRNA
MADS-box
The length of the MADS-box are in the range of 168 to 180 base pairs
Origin:
MCM1 from the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
AGAMOUS from the thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana,
DEFICIENS from the snapdragon Antirrhinum majus
SRF from the human Homo sapiens
CASE STUDIES
Case Study-1
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
c)
Objectives:
1. Study of the effects of the gene silencing of C-class MADS-box genes by using a
VIGS system on flower phenotypes in petunia cultivars.
Plant materials:
VIGS treatments of each of the C-class MADS-box genes, pMADS3 and FBP6, and
of pMADS3 & FBP6 conducted in four petunia cultivars, ‘Cutie Blue’, ‘Fantasy
Blue’, ‘Picobella Blue’,and ‘Mambo Purple’
Plasmid construction:
The tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS system (suppression of the anthocyanin
pathway via chalcone synthase silencing as reporter as it produced white flower)
Vector: pTRV1 and pTRV2 VIGS
PhCHS was amplified and cloned into the EcoR1 site of pTRV2 vector
The non-conserved regions of petunia C-class genes, pMADS3 and FBP6, were
amplified using the primers and cloned into the SmaI site of pTRV2 PhCHS vector
individually to generate constructs for silencing pMADS3 and FBP6 separately and
fused to generate a construct for silencing pMADS3 and FBP6 simultaneously
Agroinoculation of TRV vectors:
Virus infection was carried out by
means of the Agrobacterium-
mediated infection of petunias
Young leaves of 3-week old
petunia plants were inoculated
c)
Objectives:
15 30.33 7.89 ± 0.29a Petiole length (cm) 4.50 ± 4.72 ± 6.52 ± 6.51 ±
0.17b 0.18b 0.29a 0.30a
20 17.23 3.00 ± 0.29b Petiole dia (mm) 2.50 ± 1.89 ± 1.89 ± 1.85 ±
0.11a 0.04b 0.04b 0.04b
Similar letters in the same row indicate that they were not significantly
different from LSD005 test
The frequencies of flower color and shape mutations increased when the total dose
was increased from 10 to 15 Gy, though it was not observed when the dose was
increased from 15 to 20 Gy.
Figure below illustrates the three mutants obtained in 15 Gy treated plants.
Even though there are many techniques available but, very few
variety has been developed for commercial purpose by Genetic
transformation
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
c)