A MHRD, Govt.

of India

Report on

SWACCHA BHARAT SUMMER INTERNSHIP IN MADANNAPETA

Submitted by

K.VINAY KUMAR (B.Tech)

“The future depends on what we do in the present”

-Mahatma Gandhi

TEAM:

1. S. Siva Shankar (M.Tech)

2. P. Siddhartha Reddy (B.Tech)
3. B. Ashok Vardhan (B.Tech)
4. A. Satya Anvesh (B.Tech)
5. P. Mohanalakshmi (B.Tech)
6. T. Gayatri Anuhya (B.Tech)
 CONTENTS

List of contents Pg. no.

Acknowledgement……………………………………………. 3

Abstract……………………………………………………….. 4

List of activities……………………………………………….. 5

Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………… 6

Chapter 2 Door to Door Survey……………………………….. 7

Chapter 3 Awareness Campaigns …………………………….. 10

Chapter 4 Development of compost pits ………………………12

Chapter 5 Haritha haram …………………………………..…….15

Chapter 6 Conducting School level Rally ……..……………….... 17

Chapter 7 Essay writing contest………………………………….. 19

Chapter 8 Swacchta pledge……………………………………… 21

Chapter 9 Helping in Drawing Biogas plants ……..…………….. 23

Chapter 10 Helping in construction of Toilets…………………… 25

Chapter 11 Conclusion……………………………………………. 26
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this golden opportunity to express our heartfelt thanks and

deep sense of gratitude to the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India
for giving us an opportunity to serve the Rural India.

We also convey the deep sense of gratitude to Dr. J.V.RAMANAMURTHY, Nodal

Officer, professor, Department of Mathematics for helping us in enrolling and participation
in the program.

We also thankful to Sarpanch of Madannapeta village, Head Master of ZPHS, for their
help and support during the program.

We sincerely thank the Forest department for providing plants for Harithaharam

- Kusuma Vinaykumar and TEAM.

 ABSTRACT
Swaccha Bharath Abhiyan, a government initiative, provided
youngminds an opportunity to analyse the standard of living of rural people and to
putforth ideas to solve the day to day challenges faced. The main objective was to study
and analyse the economical conditions of village. As a part of this program, a series of
activities have been performed in Madannapeta, a village in Warangal district.

The program started with a door to door survey based on which

interactive sessions such as rallies, awareness campaigns have been conducted which
involved the active participation of villagers.

Further progress of program included career guidance which

exposed the present competitive world to upcoming talents, continued through
cleanliness drive and harithaharam which helped in spreading greenery. The program
finally concluded with preparation of compost pits which paved a way for the effective
planning of biogas plant.

.
LIST OF ACTIVITIES:
1. Door to Door survey
2. Awareness Campaigns
3. Development of compost pits
4. Helping in Toilet construction
5. School level Rally
6. Helping in Drawing up Biogas plant
7. Plantation Drive-Harithaharam
8. Swaccha patashala –Cleanliness drive
9. Swacchata pledge
10 Essay Contest
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

About Madannapeta

Madannapeta is a Village in Kamalapur Mandal in Karimnagar District of Telangana State, India. It

belongs to Telangana region . As part Telangana Districts re-organisation , Madannapeta Village
Kamalapur Mandal re organised from Karimnagar District to Hanamkonda,Warangal Urban
district. It is located 66 KM towards East from District head quarters Karimnagar. 9 KM from
Kamalapoor.

Madannapeta Pin code is 505102 and postal head office is Kamalapur (Karim Nagar).

Gopalpoor ( 4 KM ) , Ambala ( 5 KM ) , Vangapelli ( 5 KM ) , Gudur ( 6 KM ) , Marripelligudem ( 10

KM ) are the nearby Villages to Madannapeta. Madannapeta is surrounded by Parkal Mandal towards
East , Hasanparthy Mandal towards South , Mogullapalle Mandal towards North , Atmakur Mandal
towards South .

Warangal , Karimnagar , Ramagundam , Jangaon are the near by Cities to Madannapeta.

This Place is in the border of the Karimnagar District and Warangal District. Warangal District
Dharmasagar is South towards this place.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

“A clean India would be the best tribute India could pay to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150 birth anniversary in
2019,” said Shri Narendra Modi as he launched the Swachh Bharat Mission at Rajpath in New Delhi. On 2nd
October 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched throughout length and breadth of the country as a
national movement. The campaign aims to achieve the vision of a ‘Clean India’ by 2nd October 2019.
 CHAPTER – 2

DOOR TO DOOR CAMPAIGN

No. of households visited =164

No. of people sensitized =338
No. of hours spent = 36

PROCEDURE FOLLOWED:

 Effective distribution of work by forming sub teams

 Queries include procurement of toilets, availability of drinking and domestic water and methods
followed in waste disposal
 Availability of sanitation workers as well as transportation medium are also asked during the survey

ANALYSIS OF DATA:

From the data we had collected in the survey we analyzed the following

I. ABOUT OWN TOILETS

 23 houses out of 164 houses donot have own toilets.

 14.02 % of the village does not have own toilets.
 85.98% of the village is having own toilets
 Out of them 57.93% were constructed by their own income and remaining 28.05% constructedwith
the help of government.
 village sanitation toilet conditions

No toilets
Own toilets
Own toilets by govt. help

II.DRINKING WATER FACILITY AND DOMESTIC WATER FACILITY

 "BALA VIKASA" society provides filter water for drinking purpose.

 Almost no complaints were recorded regarding the issue.
 Domestic water is supplied once in 5-6 days on an average
 People residing in extreme parts
of village raised an issue that they get
water once in 15 days.
 The above problems seem to be
solved soon by "MISSION
BAGIRATHA"

III.WASTE COLLECTION BY PANCHAYAT VEHICLES AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

FUNCTIONING

 Many complaints are lodged by people over this issue.

 Though vehicles were provided by government. They are not used effectively by gram panchayat
administration.
 Drainages were newly constructed and clogged at regular interval as there is no time to time removal
of waste
  Clogged drainages at the time of rainfall were overflown and houses near to them are filled with those
water and waste.

IV. WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES CARRIED OUT

 Organic waste is used as a manure with cow dung piles in agriculture

 Plastic waste is managed in different forms by villagers such as burning, throwing in cow dung piles
which later used as manure, throwing away in drainage
 Above plastic waste disposal methods are serious threats to environment as well as humans.

SOLUTIONS SUGGESTED AND CARRIED OUT:

 Some of the houses with toilets constructed new and are eligible for government help are noticed and
they are given knowledge about various schemes made by state as well as central government
 Houses with no toilets are identified and a two pit toilet plan is given to them by explaining the
advantages in it.
 Harmful effects of plastic burning and disposal of plastic in cow dung piles are explained through
interactive way
 Clogging of drainages and non-usage of waste transport mediums are taken into the notice of gram
panchayat and they were made aware of the problems faced by villagers due to them.
 Under construction houses are provided with two pit toilet plan and the advantages are explained in
practical manner.
 CHAPTER – 3

AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS

No. Of drives conducted =4

No. of people sensitized =186
No. Of hrs spent =12

Brief Description:

☆ After studying the village conditions and people habits and behavior, we assessed some of the
implementable techniques.
Viz.
▪Formation of swacchata committee for taking care of certain issues and solving them.
For further help this committee can approach GWMC in all aspects of sanitation and cleanliness.

▪Technical support was given wherever required.

For example, People are maintaining open pits for garbage
- We demonstrated the Segregation of plastic and created awareness on how to reduce reuse and recycle
plastic
-Recommended to dig a standard twin pits for alternate cycles of manuring garbage.
-Land filling using morram in rainy seasons because mosquitoes can cause a health threat.

▪Taught them certain techniques using videos presenting how a model village be like.

▪Confessed people not to throw garbage on streets or drainages.

▪As Clogging of drains was observed, we taught them the negative impacts of such a conditions.

▪As plastic waste being a large scale issue, we suggested suitable reduction methods in day to day life.
Like using jute bags etc.
And the large scale plastic can be used by converting it into furnace oil which is a replacement of
automobile oils.

▪ Rally was organised as a part of awareness campaign.

▪Made an appeal to concerned village authorities to maintain a systematic approach.

Methodology-

☆ From door to door visit, people habits, behavior and their knowledge regarding swacchata can be
understood.

☆ Awareness can be spread in many ways.

Following are some tools in promoting swacchata
-Explaining vocally
-Screening videos (visual promotion)
- Through wall paintings and posters
- Rallies and melas
- Swacchta demos
- Swacchata promise/pledge

✓Creating an awareness about swachatha by mentioning the impacts and its importance.

✓suggesting the best possible methods for implementing on their own to reduce garbage mounds.

✓Encouraging them to participate in the programs to improve their village premises.

✓ A knowledge has been created about swachatha among villagers to take a step forward towards
swachbarath by everyone as their responsibility.

☆ A committee taking care of swacchata activities in village can be formed

They are supposed to take care of swacchata issues and collective decision making.

☆ Relationship between health and swacchata can be explained lucidly

 CHAPTER -4
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOST PITS

Methodology-

"Waste isn't waste until we waste it"

▪Composting is an aerobic microbiological decomposition of organic residues collected.

▪Composting reduces the non hazardous waste stream into a useful means.

▪Compost material are leaves,grass clippings,dust from sweeping and vacuuming, etc.

▪Continous and outdoor composting are economical.

▪Procedure for compost preparation

• Digging compost pit

1 to1.5m ×1 to 1.5m ×1m

•place dry plant material as the first layer, 20-25cm thick.

•place green plant materials as the next layer, 20-25cm thick.

•the above layers are to be covered by animal manure,soil and ash, 10-15 cm thick.

▪Maintenance

•Repeat the above process until the pile reaches 1m height.

•place the sticks vertically allowing the air to circulate into it.

•Turn the pile every 2 weeks

•The compost is ready after 3 -4 months.

▪PROS AND CONS

•easiest and efficient source for house hold waste disposal.

• Helps in rain water storage and helps the roads clean and resisting drought.

•Helps in eliminating garbage odour.

•Helps in improving sanitation

•It increases soil fertility.

•Reduces use of chemical fertilizers.

THIS MANURE CAN BE USED FOR GARDENING ALSO.

"From Garbage to Garden"

☆COMPOSTING helps us in strengthening clean and green India

BRIEF DESCRIPTION -

♢From door to door survey, we assessed that people are using open compost, but not in scientific
methods.

♢we demonstrated the scientific composting methods and suggested economically viable
method.

♢Importance of composting was elucidated eliminating their myths.

♢We demonstrated digging a standard pit of 1m × 1m × 0.5m in the high school premises and
encouraged them to have their own pits

♢Dual nature of compost pits viz. For manure and for rain water brings the importance in its
construction.

♢Most of the people taking this manure to agricultural fields.

♢ People are habituated to put all the garbage in the pits

But, we cautioned them to separate plastic waste explaining their harm.

 CHAPTER – 5
PLANTATION DRIVE – HARITHAHARAM

Apart of all these on the basis of HARITHAHARAM we had given 75

no. of saplings to the village. Few saplings were given to the school and they were planted in
the school premises by the teachers and students. We implemented "Each plant for each
home". On this basis we had given saplings each plant to each home in the village on people's
interest

# METHODOLOGY

☆Swacchata doesn't mean to solid and liquid waste, it also means that quality of air.(swaccha vaayu).

☆To tackle the environmental impacts, plantation neccesiates despite of rapid urbanisation.

☆Plants are selfless lovers of humankind, they take the scrap from human (CO2 etc.) And in return they give
praana vaayu (O2).

☆With regard of these uses, plantation got its prominence in present days.

☆ In Telangana state, Govt. Take up plantation is not just a formality its a revolution.

☆We came up with the idea of "each one plant one"

This give the notion that each one has to plant one sapling and has to take its responsibility all the way.

We also emphasised this idea with a saying "Plant your family member"

As we take care of our family members, it is on our shoulders to take care of the plant

Description

☆After speaking to concerned authorities in forest office

We managed to get sapling from the nursery

☆ we planned plantation in school premises after the cleanliness drive.

☆ The objective of this program is to provide a maximum possible shade in the school

☆ And also using waste water from the kitchen of the school

☆ This maintains an ecological balance. And helps in precipitation.

We conducted this drive with 75 saplings planted in the school and the houses of students.

 With the support of DFO, FRO, we have procured required amount of plants from
nursery
 With a motto of “EACH ONE PLANT ONE”, sarpanch, ward members, students,
faculty participated in this programme
 With the formation of Swachhata team, the protection of plants is now in the hands of
future generation.
Day to day watering, care taking of plants is entrusted to the people as they are now the family member of
huge family of Madannapeta
 CHAPTER 6
CONDUCTING SCHOOL LEVEL RALLY

METHODOLOGY:

 Rallies act as a source of publicity and awareness for a particular issue where people
gather and move for a common idea

 It plants the idea of the rally directly into the minds of people

 It also nurtures their minds to think about the issue in all directions

 It is the fastest means of publicising an idea

 Slogans and sayings by eminent are used to imbibe the idea.

 Rally covers almost all the area where the reform is required

 Rallies are of great success for any issues in the past and also in the future
Examples like DANDI MARCH AND SALT SATYAGRAHA by mahatma Gandhi,
Telangana movement proved the worth of rally

 Including school children, teachers ,villagers were involved for rooting deeply the idea of
Swachhata into people's mind, especially children

 Since " Today's children Tomorrow’s citizens "

BRIEF DESCRIPTION:

 The main objective of rally is imparted in people through slogans

 Idea of swach bharath and mainly the importance of cleanliness is widespread through
rally

 Rally is started with slogans of swach bharath and its importance

 It moved forward filling the people with the importance of Swachhata.

 The objective of rally is spread through banner and few placards.

 Participation from the faculty of Zilla parishadh High School, sarpanch, ward members,
anganwadi workers, aasha workers etc made tremendous lift to the spread of objective.
 CHAPTER – 7
ESSAY WRITING CONTEST

Essay contest is held by our team to the students of every class on the very
first day of school visit to know the awareness of swachbarath .By correcting the papers we
distributed the prizes to the students for every class

METHODOLOGY:

 As a part of bringing out the outcomes set by this program, firstly there is a necessity
of knowing their knowledge about Swachhata
 Essay writing is one of the tools used to know their knowledge and enhance their
thinking.

 Questions are framed to get all the dimensions of their thinking.

DESCRIPTION:

The essay contest is held to the students of ZPHS, Madannapeta.

The following being the questions for which essay was intended to write

(Write an essay about "swach bharath", explain the various daily activities in which how you
follow hygiene.)- For 6, 7 and 8th classes.

(Imagine you were a brand ambassador for swaccha bharath and explain how you contribute
and let people contribute to Swachhata) – For 9th and 10th classes

 Essays were evaluated and prizes were distributed for the best essay to promote
Swachhata among students.
 This was followed by awareness campaigns, and to the next step Swachhata patashala,
then Harithaharam, School level rally.
 CHAPTER – 8
SWACCHATA PLEDGE

We had prepared a brief Swachhata pledge at we had told them this in their prayer time
which was followed by students. Regarding this we had given a hardcopy of pledge to the
Head Master in the school to join this pledge in their daily time table.

METHODOLOGY:

"If you break the promise, you are not called a man "(no bias - man =human), a well said
quote.

 Inspiring from those words, Swachhata pledge makes a lot to people attention towards
Swachhata
 Pledge is nothing but a promise, promise that made to nation with heart and soul.
 Description
▪ A pledge was written including all the swacchata motives

▪ It was made their curriculum where they do it daily in the morning prayer, which reminds
them the promise made to nation every day

CHAPTER -9
HELPING IN DRAWING BIOGAS PLANT PLAN
INTRODUCTION:

 A Biogas plant optimises the utilization of manure, waste and other organic feedstock by converting
the biomass into energy and valuable bio fertilizers.
 We focus on a high biogas production, low operational costs and a high flexibility in the biomasses
that can be used in the biogas plant.
 As this decomposition happens in anaerobic environment, the process of producing biogas is also
known as anaerobic digestion.

BIOGAS:

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in
the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure,
municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source.
 Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with methanogen or anaerobic organisms, which
digest material inside a closed system, or fermentation of biodegradable materials. This closed system is
called an anaerobic digester, bio digester or bioreactor.

Biogas is primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of
hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes. The gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO)
can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel; it can be
used for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the
gas into electricity and heat.

GENERATION OF BIOGAS:

Biogas is practically produced as landfill gas (LFG) or digester gas. Biogas can be produced
using anaerobic digesters. These plants can be fed with energy crops such as maize silage or biodegradable
wastes including sewage sludge and food waste. During the process, an air-tight tank transforms biomass
waste into methane producing renewable energy.

Landfill gas is produced by wet organic waste decomposing under anaerobic conditions in a
landfill. The waste is covered and mechanically compressed by the weight of the material that is deposited
from above. This material prevents oxygen exposure thus allowing anaerobic microbes to thrive. The gas
builds up.

CONSTITUENTS:

 Methane (CH4) - 50-75%

 Carbon dioxide (CO2) - 25-50%
 Nitrogen (N2) - 0-10%
 Hydrogen (H2) - 0-1%
 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) – 0-3%
 Oxygen (O2) - 0-0% in some cases, biogas contains siloxanes.
 These siloxanes are formed from the anaerobic decomposition of materials commonly found in soaps
and detergents.
 During combustion of biogas containing siloxanes, silicon is released and can combine with free
oxygen or various other elements in the combustion gas.
 Deposits are formed containing mostly silica (SiO2) or silicates (SixOy) and can also contain calcium,
sulphur, zinc, phosphorus.

BIOGAS PLANT:

A biogas plant consists of the following things-

 Concrete tank (digester) – The bio wastes are collected here.

 Floating cover- It is placed over the tank and it keeps on rising as the gas keeps on increasing in the
tank.
 An outlet- The outlet is connected to a pipe through which the gas is collected and further used.
  Slurry collector- Here cow dung is added which contains bacteria methanogens, which is present in the
rumen part of the stomach of cattle, that act on the bio wastes and produce methane gas.
 Sludge collector- The spent slurry is removed through this and can be use as fertilizer or various
purposes.

The biogas plant thus contributes not only to meeting carbon budgets but also in
reducing the pressure on the planets resource in the form of fossil fuels and nutrients such as
Phosphorous and Nitrogen.

Before you get started on establishing a biogas plant, a number of conditions must be
fulfilled.
 The plant’s finance must be known.
 The biogas plant must be designed based upon the feedback available.
 Funding for the plant must have been raised.

RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOGAS PLANT:

 Crop waste.
 Animal waste.
 Municipal waste.
 Agro-industry waste.
 Forest waste

TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT:

Classification of biogas plants depends upon the plants design and mode of working-

1. Movable type drums plant

2. Continuous type plant
3. Batch type plan

WORKING:

 The various forms are biomass are mixed with an equal quantity of water in the mixing
tank.This forms the slurry.
 The slurry is fed into the digester through the inlet chamber.
 When the digester is partially filled with the slurry,the introduction of slurry is stopped and the
plant is left unused for about two months.
 During these two months,anaerobic bacteria present in the slurry decompose or ferments the
biomass in the presence of water.
 As a result of anaerobic fermentation,biogas is formed,which starts collecting in the dome of
the digester.
 As more and more biogas starts collecting,the pressure exerted by the biogas forces the spent
slurry into the outlet chamber.
 From the outlet chamber,the spent slurry overflows into the overflow tank.
 The spent slurry is manually removed from the overflow tank and used as manure for plants.
  The gas valve connected to a system of pipelines is opened when a supply of biogas is required.
 To obtain a continuous supply of biogas,a functioning plant can be fed continuously with the
prepared slurry.

ADVANTAGES:

 Biogas is eco friendly.

 Biogas generally reduces soil and water pollution.
 Biogas generation produces organic fertilizer.
 Its a simple and low cost technology.That encourages a circular economy.
 Healthy cooking alternative for developing areas.

CHAPTER -10
HELPING IN TOILET CONSTRUCTION

DESCRIPTION:
From the door to door survey, we came to know that 14% of the houses don’t have
toilets.
We have given them assistance in understanding the importance of twin pit toilets
We have technical support and plan necessary for the construction
We have helped them to know the various government schemes available for toilet
construction
We have given them clear view of how to apply for government funds for the
construction of own toilets
 CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION
 Inspiring from the call of Modiji, swaccha bharath is a current revolution in India,
we from all the support had contributed to this revolution
 As a part of 15 day camp, we’ve put forward many ideas and technical knowledge
to the people.
 We studied the conditions and gave many possible solutions to the problems right
there.
 I hope that government to specially emphasis on functioning of municipal waste
collecting vehicles.
 I hope the objectives to be achieved in the specified target time.

Regards

- Kusuma Vinaykumar and TEAM

“committed for cleaner India”