Hydrogen

1 Group 18
Semiconductors
H (also known as metalloids) 2
1
Hydrogen Key: He
1.008 Helium
1s 1 Metals
4.002 602
Group 1 Group 2
Atomic number 13 Alkali metals
Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 1s 2

3 4 Symbol
Al Alkaline-earth metals
Transition metals 5 6 7 8 9 10

2
Li Be Name Aluminum Other metals B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.94 9.012 182
Average atomic mass 26.981 5386 Nonmetals 10.81 12.01 1 14.007 15.999 18.998 4032 20.1797
[He]2s 1 [He]2s 2 Electron configuration [Ne]3s 23p 1 Halogens [He]2s 22p 1 [He]2s 22p 2 [He]2s 22p 3 [He]2s 22p 4 [He]2s 22p 5 [He]2s 22p 6

Noble gases
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Other nonmetals
3
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.989 769 28 24.3050 26.981 5386 28.085 30.973 762 32.06 35.45 39.948
[Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s 2
Period

[Ne]3s 23p 1 [Ne]3s 23p 2 [Ne]3s 23p 3 [Ne]3s 23p 4 [Ne]3s 23p 5 [Ne]3s 23p 6
Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9 Group 10 Group 11 Group 12
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.0983 40.078 44.955 912 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.938 045 55.845 58.933 195 58.6934 63.546 65.409 69.723 72.63 74.921 60 78.96 79.904 83.798
[Ar]4s 1 [Ar]4s 2 [Ar]3d 14s 2 [Ar]3d 24s 2 [Ar]3d 34s 2 [Ar]3d 54s 1 [Ar]3d 54s 2 [Ar]3d 64s 2 [Ar]3d 74s 2 [Ar]3d 84s 2 [Ar]3d 104s 1 [Ar]3d 104s 2 [Ar]3d 104s 24p 1 [Ar]3d 104s 24p 2 [Ar]3d 104s 24p 3 [Ar]3d 104s 24p 4 [Ar]3d 104s 24p 5 [Ar]3d 104s 24p 6

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.4678 87.62 88.905 85 91.224 92.906 38 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.905 50 106.42 107.8682 112.411 114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.904 47 131.293
[Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s 2 [Kr]4d 15s 2 [Kr]4d 25s 2 [Kr]4d 45s1 [Kr]4d 55s 1 [Kr]4d 65s1 [Kr]4d 75s 1 [Kr]4d 85s 1 [Kr]4d 10 [Kr]4d 105s 1 [Kr]4d 105s 2 [Kr]4d 105s 25p 1 [Kr]4d 105s 25p 2 [Kr]4d 105s 25p 3 [Kr]4d 105s 25p 4 [Kr]4d 105s 25p 5 [Kr]4d 105s 25p 6

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.905 4519 137.327 138.905 47 178.49 180.947 88 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.084 196.966 569 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.980 40 (209) (210) (222)
[Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s 2 [Xe]5d 16s 2 [Xe]4 f 14 5d 26s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 36s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 46s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 56s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 66s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 76s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 96s 1 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 1 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 26p 1 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 26p 2 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 26p 3 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 26p 4 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 26p 5 [Xe]4f 145d 106s 26p 6

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut* Uuq* Uup* Uuh* Uus* Uuo*

Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (271) (272) (285) (284) (289) (288) (292) (294) (294)
[Rn]7s 1 [Rn]7s 2 [Rn]6d 17s 2 [Rn]5 f 146d 27s 2 [Rn]5 f 146d 37s 2 [Rn]5f 146d 47s 2 [Rn]5 f 146d 57s 2 [Rn]5f 146d 67s 2 [Rn]5 f 146d 77s 2 [Rn]5f 146d 97s 1 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 1 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 2 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 27p 1 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 27p 2 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 27p 3 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 27p 4 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 27p 5 [Rn]5f 146d 107s 27p 6

* The systematic names and symbols The discoveries of elements with atomic numbers 113–118 have been reported but not fully confirmed.
for elements greater than 112 will
be used until the approval of trivial
names by IUPAC.
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Elements whose average atomic masses appear bolded Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

and italicized are recognized by the International Union Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
140.116 140.907 65 144.242 (145) 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.925 35 162.500 164.930 32 167.259 168.934 21 173.04 174.967
of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to have several
[Xe]4 f 15d 16s 2 [Xe]4 f 36s 2 [Xe]4 f 46s 2 [Xe]4f 56s 2 [Xe]4 f 66s 2 [Xe]4f 76s 2 [Xe]4f 75d 16s 2 [Xe]4f 96s 2 [Xe]4f 106s 2 [Xe]4f 116s 2 [Xe]4f 126s 2 [Xe]4f 136s 2 [Xe]4f 146s 2 [Xe]4f 145d 16s 2
stable isotopes. Thus, the average atomic mass for
each of these elements is officially expressed as a 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
range of values. A range of values expresses that the
average atomic mass of a sample of one of these Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
elements is not a constant in nature but varies Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
232.038 06 231.035 88 238.028 91 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
depending on the physical, chemical, and nuclear
[Rn]6d 27s 2 [Rn]5f 26d 17s 2 [Rn]5 f 36d 17s 2 [Rn]5 f 46d 17s 2 [Rn]5f 67s 2 [Rn]5f 77s 2 [Rn]5f 76d 17s 2 [Rn]5f 97s 2 [Rn]5f 107s 2 [Rn]5f 117s 2 [Rn]5f 127s 2 [Rn]5f 137s 2 [Rn]5f 147s 2 [Rn]5f 146d 17s 2
history of the material in which the sample is found.
However, the values in this table are appropriate for
everyday calculations. A value given in parentheses is
not an average atomic mass but is the mass number of
that element's most stable or most common isotope.