IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF IUB

CRIMINAL LAW
General Principles of Criminal Law
1. What do you mean by administration of Criminal Justice.
2. What do you mean by criminology of commission of crime.
3. Write short notes on the following:
a) Civil Wrong( b)Intention(c) Motive(d) Actus Rea (
(e) Strict Liability( f) Qazaf (g) Constructive Liability( h) Riot
(i) Common Object (Naseer Cheema) (j) Accident(k) Mistake of Law (l) Offence
(m) Res IpsaLoquitor (n) Res-Gestae ( o) Plea of Alibi (p) Abetment
4. Write down the difference between the following: (Hassan Dastgir)
(a) Intention & Motive ( b) Mens Rea & Actus Rea
5. How crimes are completed and also discuss different stages of crime.
6. Define Negligence and discuss its different theories.

PPC
1. a) Differentiate between Common Object and Common Intention with relevant
provisions of PPC.
b) Explain in detail the Law concerning imposition of fine and consequences of its non-
payment.
2. Enumerate kinds of Qatl. Define and differentiate between these with examples.
3. a) What do you mean by Abduction, Kidnapping and Illegal Confinement. Define by
way of illustrations. (
b) What do you mean by Illegal Confinement and how it constitutes.
4. Differentiate between the following:
a) Criminal Force and Criminal Intimidation
b) Discuss in detail, Theft.
c) Wrongful restraint and Wrongful Confinement
d) Cheating and Misappropriation
e) Dishonestly & Fraudulently
f) Common Intention & Common Object
g) Special & Local Law
h) Kidnapping and Abduction
i) Robbery and Dacoity
j) Theft and Robbery
k) Preparation to Commit the offence and an attempt to commit
 l) Wrongful restraint and Wrongful confinement
5. Does any offence constitute from the exclusive statement of the accused? (Hassan
6. Discuss kinds of Hurt provided in Pakistan Penal Code 1860 in detail with their
punishment. (
7. Discuss Section 302 PPC and sentence provided for murder cases with illustrations in
detail. In what circumstances each sentence can be awarded. (
8. While playing with revolver “A” pulls triger without noticing that revolver is not
empty and causes the death of “B” who was standing nearby. Whether “A” has
committed any offence, if so what would be the nature of the offence. Discuss in
detail. (
9. Define the following: (
a) Qisas b) Badl-e-Sulah c) Diyat d) Arsh e) Daman
10. Under what kind of offences, the right of private defence extends to cause death.
Explain with relevant provisions. (
11. Define Abetment and its various forms. To what extent abettor is liable when one act
is abetted but different act is done. (
12. Define Qatl-I-Amd and its punishments. Under what cases Qatl-I-Amd is not liable to
Qisas? (
13. Define trespass and its various kinds with illustrations. (
14. Kidnapping and its kinds. (
15. Define criminal conspiracy, discuss its kinds and distinguish it from abetment. (
16. Nothing is an offence if an act is done by a person who is under intoxication? Is it
right? Discuss in detail. (
17. „Burden of proof is on prosecution in criminal cases‟, comment. Also explain
exceptions to this rule. (
18. Essential ingredients of “Theft”. (

Hudood Laws
1. Define “Qazaf” and also state what kind of proof is required to make this offence
liable to Hadd and Taazir.
2. What do you undertand by the following:
a) Hirz b) Taazir c) Hadd d) Intoxicant
3. Discuss “Theft” liable to Hadd.
4. Define and differentiate between theft liable to Hadd and theft liable to Taazir. State
the situation in which Hadd shall not be imposed.
5. Discuss in detail the requirements to constitute and offence of Zina under Islamic Law
of Hadd. (
6. Define Zina and Zina Bil Jabar. When these two offences are liable to Hadd and
discuss punishment under Hudood Laws. (
 English Jurisprudence
Explain the following terms:
Sui Juris, Bona fide, Status quo, De facto, Question of law, Martial Law, Authoritative
Precedent, Negligence, Definitions of Law, Legal status of unborn child, Essentials of
Ownership, Resmu, Administration of Justice, Adverse Possession, Contributory Negligence,
Procedural Law, Obitter Dicta, Right in Personam, Resjudicata, Legal custom, Legal status of
dead person, Question of Fact, Positive and Negative Right, Natural Justice, Ownership,
Vicarious Liability, Unborn Child, State as a person, Legislation, Negligence

1. “The law is territorial in its nature”. Discuss the statement with exceptions.
2. Define “Ownership”. What are the different ways of acquiring ownership?
3. What are the different types of remedies available under the law of legal wrongs?
4. What are the benefits of codification of law?
5. What are the different sources of law? Discuss in detail.
6. It is said that “the jurisprudence is the grammar of law”. Discuss in detail.
7. “Possession is the 9/10 of law. Discuss in detail.
8. Define Jurisprudence and discuss various schools of Jurisprudence.
9. Discuss the concepts of “Ownership” alongwith its essentials.
10. Discuss the law of Procedure in detail.
11. What are the essentials of a valid Custom?
12. Define Possession and discuss its kinds.
13. Law is the practice of Courts. Discuss the theory in the light of attacks on the theory.
14. What is Legislation according to Salmond? How it has been classified by him?
15. Define Precedent. Example the factors which reduce the binding authority of a
Precedent.
16. What is the legal status of a Dead Person?
17. Define State and differentiate in between Unitary and Composite States.
18. Differentiate in between Civil and Criminal Liability and explain the theory of
Remedial Liability.
19. Define Ownership differentiate between vested and contingent ownership.
20. Define Custom and Differentiate between Legal and Conventional Customs.
21. What is Servitude and what is the difference between Property and Servitude.
22. Discuss kinds of Evidence as an element of judicial procedure.
23. What is Jurisprudence? Briefly explain “Imperative Theory of Law” according to
Austin‟s views.
24. What is meant by Administration of Justice?
25. What is distinction between substantive law and procedural law? What are the main
elements of procedural law?
26. What is meant by word “Person”? Explain difference between Natural and Legal
persons.
27. Write in detail the relation of Jurisprudence with other social sciences.
28. What is meant by “Legislation”? Explain about Supreme and Subordinate Legislation.
29. Explain the requirements of a Valid Local Custom.
30. Define term “Jurisprudence”. Explain the kinds of Jurisprudence.
31. Define and explain the difference between “Ownership and Possession”.
32. What is meant by Valid, Void, and Voidable Agreements? Explain with Examples.
33. What is meant by “Vicarious Liability? Discuss in detail.
34. Define Rights. Discuss the various kinds of Rights.
35. “Possession is the strong evidence of Ownership unless rebutted.” Discuss.
36. Explain various theories of punishment in detail.
 ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Write a Short Note on the following:
Importance of Ijtihad, Imam Ahmad Bin Humbal (R.A.), Private Rights and their
Classifications, Tazkiya-Tush-Shahud (Purification of Witnesses), Compilation of
Holy Quran, Authenticity of Ijma, Sihah-E-Sitta, Dar Ul Islam & Dar Ul Harb, Land
Tax, Definitions of Crime and Tort, Doctrine of Istehsan, War booty, Qualifications
of Mujtahid, Eligibility of a valid Witness, Kinds of Marriage, Essentials of Qiyas,
Concepts of Istehsan and Equity, Khiraj as a Source of Income, Qualifications of
Caliph, Doctrine of Public Good, Status of Customs and Usages in Islam, Concept of
Limitation of Claim, Kinds of Dower, Qiyas, Custom as a source of Islamic Law,
Ijma, Option of puberty, Private rights and their classifications, Taqlid, Hadith E
Qudsi, Imam Malik, Legal Capacity of Minor, Acknowledgement of paternity, The
qualifications of Qazi (Judge) in Islamic Law

Short Questions:

i) What is Hadd and what is Tazir?

ii) What is Qisas and what is Diyat?
iii) Define Customs and Usages.
iv) What is Guarantee?
v) What is called Khums?
vi) In what cases a woman can act as a Judge?
vii) In which cases punishment of stripes is awarded?
viii) How many Mujtahideen are necessary to make a valid Ijmaa?
ix) What is meant by revelation?

Subjective Questions:
1. Define Islamic Law and Islamic Jurisprudence and discuss its subjects.
2. Write a detailed note on the life and services of Imam Abu Hanifa (R.A.) with regard
to the development of Islamic Law.
3. Define “Possession” and discuss its kinds with examples.
4. What do you know about “Rigidity of Law” and “Flexibility of Law”? Are Islamic
Laws rigid or flexible or their Combination?
5. What is the procedure of the hearing of Claim in the Court of Qazi?
6. Write a Comprehensive note on the system of “Diplomatic Relations” under Muslims
International Law.
7. What are the characteristics of an Islamic State?
8. Write a detailed note on “Sunnat” as source of Islamic Law.
9. Define “Istidlal” and describe its kinds.
10. What are the qualifications, duties and powers of the Head of an Islamic State?
11. What is the concept of “Nation” according to Islamic International Law?
12. Write a detailed note on the life and services of Imam Malik (R.A.) with regard to the
development of Islamic Legal System.
13. The Holy Quran is the fundamental source of Islamic Laws. Argue.
14. Define “Crimes” and describe their kinds and punishments.
15. Define “Claim”, “Plaintiff”, “Defendant”, and “Right Claimed”. Discuss also the
Requisites of a “Plaint”.
16. Write a Comprehensive note on the “Concept of Contract” under Islamic Law.
17. How the dead bodies are treated under Muslim International Law?
18. Discuss in detail the sources of Revenue of an Islamic State.
19. Write a detailed note on Customs and Usages of Arabs before Islam with special
reference to Marriage and Dower.
20. How “Ijtihad” is possible in the present age?
21. Define “Legal Capacity” and discuss the factors which affect it.
22. Evaluate the “Law of War” under Islamic Law.
23. Discuss in detail the concept of “Sovereignty” in Islamic Law.
24. Explain “Punishments” under Islamic Law.
25. Write a detailed note on the life and services of Imam Shafi (R.A.) with regard to the
development of Islamic Law.
26. Write a detailed note on treaties under Muslim International Law.
27. Enumerate the source of Income of an Islamic State.
28. Describe the qualifications of a Caliph, his duties and powers.
29. Describe the law of Ownership in light of Quran and Sunnah.
30. Define Legal capacity. Who are the persons of Defective Legal Capacity?
31. Critically evaluate the theory that Islamic Law has been influenced by the Roman
Law.
32. Explain possibility of Ijma (Consensus) on a legal issue in the present age.
33. Write detailed notes on the salient features of the Islamic Criminal Law.
 LAW OF TORTS
Explain the following terms:
Volenti Non Fit Injuria, Vis Major, Innuendo, Res Ipsa Loquitor, Felonious Tort, Actionable
per se, Actio personalis moritur cum persona, Right in Rem, Right in Personam, Damnum
Sine Injuria, Injuria Sine Damnum, Contemptuous Damages, Motive, Damage, Slander,
Negligence, Ubi Jus Ibi Remedium, Public Nuisance, Prima Facie, Trespass ab initio,
Dominant Owner, Distress Damage Feasant, Abatement of Nuisance, Novus actus
interveniens, Aerial trespass, Actionable Per Se, Libel, Slander, Malice

1. Mr “X” gives a false statement that “Z” (deceased mother of “X”) was a prostitute.
Can “Y” sue in defamation? Discuss with reference to the principle “A personal right
of action dies with the person.”
2. What constitutes the tort of malicious prosecution? Mention its essentials.
3. Define Negligence and discuss its essentials. What defences are available to an action
for a wrong of absolute liability.
4. Explain the term “Damages” and its various kinds.
5. Define “Vicarious Liability”. What are the principles on which the doctrine of
vicarious liability is based?
6. What is the purpose of Law of Torts? Answer in Detail.
7. What extra-judicial remedies are available when a tort is committed?
8. Is contributory negligence a complete defence in the tort of Negligence? Answer with
examples.
9. Can a person be imprisoned without his knowledge? Discuss with reference to
10. Explain and distinguish between Malfeasance, Misfeasance, and Non-feasance.
Explain with examples.
11. Discuss different ways of discharge of a Tort.
12. Differentiate between: a) Tort and Crime b) Tort and Breach of Contract
13. What remedies are available in Tort
14. What defences are available in Tort cases? Discuss any three of them.
15. What is defamation? Explain its essentials in detail.
16. What are the principles to determine the amount of damages in Tort cases? Discuss in
Detail.
17. Define Defamation, its kinds, essentials and defences.
18. When the same act may be considered as a tort as well as a breach of contract?
Answer with Examples.
19. Distinguish between Libel and Slander. Answer with Examples.
20. Discuss the rule of “Foreseeability” with reference to the tort of Negligence.
21. Define Tort. What are different essentials of tort? Explain/
22. Who can Sue and who can‟t be sued in Tort?
23. A personal Right dies with the person. Discuss in Detail.

Easement Act
37. Under what circumstances an easement may be extinguished?
38. What is licence? Distinguish it from Easement.
39. What are the essentials of prescription to acquire an easement?
40. When an easement is suspended and how it may be revived?
41. What is meant by disturbance of Easement? How it may be avoided? What remedies
are available under law?
42. Write different modes of acquisition of Easement. Who may acquire Easement?
43. Define Easement. What are different kinds of Easement?
44. Distinguish between:
a) Lease and License b) Easement and License

c) Easement and Custom d) Grant and Prescription

45. How can Easement be revived?
 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
1. Give short answers to the following:
Rigid Constitution, House of Lords, Judicial Review, Presidential System, Joint
Responsibility, Shadow Cabinet, Rule of Law, Separation of Powers, Flexible
Constitution, House of Representatives, American Judiciary, Veto Power,
Parliamentary Supremacy, Prime Minister of UK, Casting Vote, Senate of USA,
Federalism, Speaker, House of Commons, British Crown, Lord Chancellor, American
President, Unwritten Constitution, Senate, Check and Balance System in USA, Magna
Carta, House of Representatives, Royal Prerogatives, Veto Power, American
Judiciary, Parliamentary Supremacy, Joint Responsibility

BRITISH CONSTITUTION

1. Discuss sources of British Constitution in the context of its being unwritten

Constitution and define British Constitution.
2. Explain the Powers and Functions of “House of Lords”.
3. What do you understand about the term “Rule of Law”?
4. Explain the applicability of theory of “Separation of Powers” in British Constitution
system.
5. Explain the powers and functions of “House of Commons”.
6. Discuss the significance of concentration of powers in British Prime Minister.
7. “Cabinet is the most powerful organ of British State”. Do you agree with the
statement?
8. Discuss the main features of British Constitution.
9. Discuss the “Royal Prerogatives” / “Power of Queen”.
10. Explain the justification of Monarchy in Constitutional system of Britain.
11. Discuss the salient features of British Constitution.
12. Define the Speaker of the “House of Commons” and explain his functions.
13. Discuss the “Privileges of House of Lords” & UK Parliament.
14. Critically evaluate the law making process under British Constitution.
15. Write a brief note on the political parties of UK.
16. Critically evaluate the factors responsible to the growth of Parliamentary Democracy
in Britain.
17. Critically evaluate the Conventions of British Constitution. / “British Common
System is based upon Conventions”. Discuss.
USA CONSTITUTION
1. Discuss the salient / striking features of USA Constitution.
2. Explain the factors which play important role in the growth of USA Constitution.
3. Explain the procedure of amendment in USA Constitution.
4. Why Senate is more powerful in USA than the House of Representatives?
5. Write a note on composition and working of House of Representatives. / Write a note
on House of Representatives.
6. Write a detailed note on the Election procedure and functions of American President.
7. Critically evaluate the system of check and balance under USA Constitution.
8. Explain in detail / Critically evaluate the powers and functions of USA President.
9. Discuss any Five striking differences between the Constitutions of UK and USA.
10. Write a note on “Separation of Powers” in USA.
11. Explain Fundamental Rights provided in American Bill of Rights.
12. What is the mode of impeachment of the USA President.
13. Write a detailed note on Check and Balance system in USA.
 LAW OF CONTRACT
2. Give short answers to the following:
Breach of Contract, Bailment, Incoming and outgoing Partners, Unpaid Seller,
Difference between agreement and contract, Undue Influence, Agency, Lawful
consideration, Misrepresentation, Auction Sale, Substituted agent and his obligations,
Bi-lateral mistake, Doctrine of “Caveat Emptor”, Pledge, Lien, Hypothecation,
Contingent Contract, Agreement enforceable by law, Reciprocal Promises,
Partnership at will, Communication when complete, Continuing guarantee,
Agreement to sell, Free Consent, Frustration of Contract, Consideration must be
something of value, Specific Goods, Explain firm and partnership

CONTRACT ACT

3. When a surety is discharged from his liability?

4. What remedies are available to an aggrieved party in case of breach of contract?
Explain.
5. What constitutes acceptance of a proposal? When communication of a proposal is
complete?
6. Define bailment and its kinds.
7. What is consideration? Explain its essentials and exceptions.
8. What are the contracts which need not to be performed?
9. Define “Fraud”. “Fraud” vitiates the most solemn transaction of contract. Discuss.
10. What are the essentials of a valid contract?
11. What are the classifications of a contracts?
12. Who is competent to make a “Contract”?
13. What is agency? What are the duties of an Agent to his Principal and what are the
rights of agent?
14. Define “Contract of Indemnity and Guaranty”. What is difference between them?
15. “Stranger to a Contract cannot sue” what are exceptions to it.
16. For giving rise to a valid Contract, there must be consensus AD-IDEM among the
contracting parties. Explain the statement and discuss the free consent.
17. Define a void contract. What agreements are declared expressly void by the Contract
Act?
18. Write a note on the remedies for breach of contract.

PARTNERSHIP ACT

1. Explain the needs of dissolution of a firm.

2. Discuss the mutual rights and duties of the partners of a firm.
3. Can a minor become partner of a firm? If so, what are his liabilities?
4. Whether registration of partnership firm is essential? Which are advantages of the
registration of firm.
5. To what extent master is liable to a third party of a wrong committed by his agent?
6. What are the modes of dissolution of a registered firm?
7. What is “Outgoing Partner”? Can an outgoing partner carry business competing with that
of firm, if so, what restrictions apply to him?
8. What is registration of firm? Discuss the effects of non-registration of a firm.
9. Distinguish between a firm and company.
10. Is the registration of a firm compulsory in Partnership Act? “A”, a partner of unregistered
firm has developed dispute with “B”, the other partner, for misappropriation of the funds of
the firm. Whether he should file a suit or initiate criminal proceeding against “B”? Advice
him.

SALE OF GOODS ACT

14. Define “Sale” and “Agreement to Sell”. What is the difference between them?
15. What do you mean by “Condition” and “Warranty” in a contract of Sale?
16. Define following:
Goods, Delivery, Quality of Goods and Price
17. What remedies are available to a buyer in case of breach of a warranty?
18. What are the rules regarding delivery of goods under “Sale of Goods Act”.
19. What is the practical significance of “agreement to sell” in a contract of sale?
20. What remedies are available to a person in case of breach of contract under the “Sale
of Goods Act”?
21. What are implied conditions/ warranties in agreement of sale of goods?
22. Define “Contract of Sale” and explain its elements.
23. Define an “Unpaid Seller”. Discuss fully his rights under “The Sale of Goods Act”.