PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M.

Shewale
Unit wise topic coverage from the books - 2015 Pattern
Text Books:
T1 Gary Dunning, “Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers”, Thomson, 2nd Edition
T2 John R. Hackworth, Frederick D., Hackworth Jr., “Programmable Logic Controllers
Programming Methods and Applications”, Pearson (PHI Publishers)
T3 John W. Webb, Ronald A. Reis, “Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Application”,
PHI Learning, New Delhi, 5th Edition
T4 L. A. Bryan, E. A. Bryan, “Programmable Controllers Theory and Implementation” Industrial
Text Company Publication, Second Edition [E Book Copy]
T5 Madhuchhanda Mitra, Samarjit Sen Gupta, “Programmable Logic Controllers and Industrial
Automation An Introduction” Penram International Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
T6 Ronald L. Krutz, “Securing SCADA System”, Wiley Publishing
T7 Stuart A Boyer, “SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition”, ISA, 4th Revised edition
T8 Sunil S. Rao, “Switchgear and Protections”, Khanna Publication
T9 A. K. Gupta, S. K. Arora, “Industrial Automation and Robotics”

Reference books:
R1 W. Boltan, “Programmable Logic Controllers” Newnes An Imprint of Elsevier, 5th Edition
R2 Frank D. Petruzella, “Programmable Logic Controllers”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt.
Ltd. 3rd Edition
R3 Webb J. W, “Programmable Controllers”, Merrill Publishing Company, 1988
R4 Batten G. L., “Programmable Controllers”, McGraw Hill Inc., Second Edition
R5 P. K. Srivstava, “Programmable Logic Controllers with Applications”, BPB Publications
R6 Bennett Stuart, “Real Time Computer Control”, Prentice Hall, 1988
R7 Doebelin E. O., “Measurement Systems”, McGraw-Hill International Editions, 4th Edition, 1990
R8 Gordan Clark, Deem Reynders, “Practical Modern SCADA Protocols”, ELSEVIER
R9 Krishna Kant, “Computer Based Industrial Control”, PHI
R10 M. Chidambaram, “Computer Control of Process”, Narosha Publishing
R11 Poppovik, Bhatkar, “Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation”, Dekkar
Publications
R12 S. K. Singh, “Computer Aided Process Control”, PHI
R13 Gegory K. McMillan, “Process/Industrial Instruments and Control Handbook” 5 th Ed. McGraw-
Hill
Note: T1, T2, T3, T5, T6, T7, T8, R1, R2, R3, R8 are available in Library and T4 is E Book Copy

Unit 1
Topic Reference
Introduction to PLC
Role of automation in Industries, benefits of [T1 Ch.1][T2 Ch.2][T3 1.1,1.2][R1 Ch.1]
automation, Necessity of PLC, History and [R2 Ch1][T5 1.1,1.2,1.4,1.5,1.6][T4 1.1,1.2,1.4,
evolution of PLC, Definition as per NEMA, types – 1.5]
fixed/modular/dedicated
Overall PLC system [T2 2.2,2.3][T3 1.5][R1 Ch.1] [R2 Ch1][T5 1.7]
[T4 1.3,1.4,4.1]
PLC Input and output modules (along with [T1 Ch.5, Ch.7, Ch.8][T2 Ch.6,8] [T3 1.7,2.6]
Interfaces) [R2 Ch1,2][T5 Ch.5] [T4 4.2,4.3,5.5
Ch.6,7,8.1,8.2,8.3]
CPU, programmers and monitors (Programming [T1 Ch.3,10][T3 1.6,3.2] [T3 2.3,2.4,2.5,Pg.35]
equipment), power supplies, Solid state memory [T5 1.8,1.11,5.22,5.235.24,5.25] [R2 Ch1,2,5
Pg.42][T4 4.5,4.6,5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.6,5.7]
[R1 Pg.15]
Selection criterion [T3 Ch.28][T4 1.4]
Advantages and disadvantages [T3 1.4][R2 Ch1][T5 1.3][T4 1.7]
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
Specifications, comparison of various PLCs Website of PLC manufacturer
manufactured by Allen Bradley, Siemens, ABB,
Mitsubishi, GE, Fanuc and Schneider

Unit 2
Topic
Interfacing of PLC with I/O devices
Input ON/OFF switching devices, Input analog
devices, Sensors-temperature, pressure, flow,
level, Encoders-Incremental, Absolute
Transducers, Limit switches, proximity sensors
Output ON/OFF devices, Output analog devices
Actuators-Electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic,
Control Elements- Mechanical, Electrical, Fluid
valves
Reference
[T2 Pg.18][T2 Ch.8,9][T3 4.2,4.3,Ch.5]
[R2 6.4,6.5,6.6,6.7,Pg.134,138,156,160,6.6]
[R1 Ch.2] [T4 Pg.565,13.4,13.5,13.6,13.7, 13.8]
[R13 Ch.4,5]
[T3 4.4,4.5][R1 Ch.2][R2 Pg.130,131,150] [R13
Ch.4,5]
[T9 Ch6,7][ R13 Ch.9]

Unit 3
Topic
Programming of PLC
Programming languages for PLC
Ladder diagram fundamentals, Rules for proper
construction of ladder diagram
Timer and counter-types along with timing
diagrams
MCR (master control relay) and control zones
Developing a ladder logic for Sequencing of
motors, ON OFF Tank level control, ON OFF
temperature control, elevator, bottle filling plant,
car parking, traffic light controller
Reference
[T1 Ch.3][T2 Ch.5][T3 Ch.25][T4 Ch. 9,10]
[T5 1.10][R1 Ch.5,6][R2 81-83]
[T1 Ch.13][T2 Ch1][T3 3.4,3.5][R1 Pg.113,182]
[R2 Pg. 109,112,113,116,117,118,122] [T5 Ch.2]
[T4 1.6,3.4,9.4,9.5, Ch.9]
[T1 Ch.16][T2 Pg.97,101][T3 Ch.8, 9][R1
Ch.9,10] [R2 Ch.8,9][T5 Ch.3][T4 9.6,9.7,9.8]
[T1 Ch.19][T2 Pg.43,110][T3 14.3][R1 Pg.193]
[R2 Pg.238] [T4 9.9, 458]
[T3 Ch.7] [R1 9.6,Ch.14] [R2 Ch.7,Pg.156,160]
[T5 Ch.7]

Extra Topic Reference

Programming of PLC
Boolean logic and relay logic [T1 Ch.6][T2 Pg.30][T3 Ch.6][R1 Pg.116,126]
[R2 Ch4][R2 Pg.109][T5 Ch.2] ][T4 3.2,3.3]
Shift registers, sequencer function, latch [T1 Ch.18][T2 Pg.37,78,99][T3 Ch.18,19]
instruction [R1 Pg.123][R1 Ch.11][R2 Pg.153,Ch.12]
[T4 9.13 Pg.344]
Arithmetic and logical instruction with [T1 Ch.17][T3 Ch.11,12][R2 Ch.10,11][T5 Ch.4]
various examples [T4 9.10,9.11,9.12]

Unit 4
Topic Reference
Advance function and Applications of PLC
Analog PLC operation and PLC analog signal processing [T1 Pg.151,222,253][T3 Ch.22]
PID control of continuous processes, simple closed loop [T2 Ch.10][T3 Ch.23][R1 Pg.279][R2
systems, problems with simple closed loop systems, closed Pg.386,389] [T5 Pg.98,4.14][T4
loop system using Proportional, Integral & Derivative Pg.229,362][T4 Ch. 14,15]
(PID), PLC interface, and Industrial process example.

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
Motors Controls: AC Motor starter, AC [T2 Ch.11] [R2 Pg.133] [T4 Pg.496]
motor overload protection, DC motor
controller, Variable speed (Variable
Frequency) AC motor Drive.
PLC Applications in developing systems- [R2 Pg.381]
Tank level controller using analog signals,
temperature controller using RTD, speed
control of electric motor.
Bottle Filling Plant [T4 Pg.484]

Extra Topic Reference

Pressure Measurement [T4 Pg.505]
Angle Position Control [T4 Pg.498]
Temperature Control [T4 Pg.492]

Unit 5
Topic Reference
Introduction, definitions and history of [T7 2.1] [T7 3.1,3.2] [T6 Pg.1-7]
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Typical SCADA system Architecture, [T6 Pg.7-9] [T6 Pg.20-21] [T6 Pg. 10-15] [T7 2.2] [T7
Communication requirements, Desirable 2.3] [T7 3.2] [T7 4.1,4.2 4.3] [T7 Unit 6] [T7 Unit 8]
Properties of SCADA system, features, [T7 Unit 9] [T7 Unit 12]
advantages, disadvantages and applications Practical SCADA for Industry by David Bailey Edwin
of SCADA Wright (E Book)
SCADA Architectures (First generation - Technical Information Bulletin 04-1; Supervisory
Monolithic, Second generation - Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems by
Distributed, Third generation – Networked National Communications System
Architecture)
SCADA systems in operation and control of [T6 Pg. 10-15] [T6 Pg. 23-41] [T6 Pg. 142]
interconnected power system, Power
System Automation (Automatic substation
control and power distribution ), Petroleum
Refining Process, Water Purification
System, Chemical Plant.

Unit 6
Topic Reference
SCADA Protocols: Open systems [T7 6.4,6.5][T6 Ch3][R2 Ch.14][R1 4.4.2]
interconnection (OSI) Model, TCP/IP Practical Modern SCADA Protocols - DNP3, IEC
protocol, Modbus model, DNP3 protocol, 60870-5 and Related Systems by Gordon Clarke &
IEC61850 layered architecture, Control and Deon Reynders (E Book)
Information Protocol (CIP), Device Net, Practical SCADA for Industry by David Bailey Edwin
Control Net, Ether Net/IP, Flexible Function Wright (E Book)
Block process (FFB), Process Field bus
(Profibus),
Security Implications [T6 Pg.125] [T6 Pg.128]
Interfacing of SCADA with PLC [R2 Ch.14]

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale

Unit wise questions from University Question Papers - 2008 Pattern

Unit 1
Year Question Marks
Dec11, Dec12
April13, Dec13 Define Programmable Logic Controller. 6/4/2/5
Dec15
May12,May16
Define PLC and explain how it is helpful in automated process. 6
May15
Define Programmable Logic Controller and enlist important applications of the same. 9
Dec15
State some important applications of PLC. 7
May12,April14,
April13,May16 State some applications of PLC 5/9/6
Dec12
How PLC helps in automation process? 6
May12
Explain brief history of PLC along with some important names. 4
May12,
April13,May16 Draw and explain the main block diagram of PLC. 8/9
Dec11
Draw block diagram of PLC and explain each block in detail. 8
Dec14,May15
Explain in detail block diagram of PLC. 9
Dec12
Explain the functions of Input/Output module. 6
May12
Write a short note on input module. 5
April13,May16
Explain Output module in detail. 7/6
April14, Dec13
Dec11 Write a short note on Input and Output Module. 9/6/6
Dec14
What are Input and output module of PLC system? 9
April14
Explain Central Processing Unit in details. 9
Dec13
Explain Central Processing Unit in detail along with the three important parts in it. 8
Dec11
Write different sections of CPU? Explain in detail. 7
Dec12
What is CPU? Explain its main sections and also explain important functions of each 8
section.
Dec15
What are the components and different functions of CPU? 8
Dec14
Write a short note on Power supplies used in PLC. 8
April14, Dec12
What is function of Programmer and Monitor? 9/3
Dec13
What are different languages of programming that can be used for PLC. 6
Dec11
State advantages and disadvantages of PLC. 7
May12 April13,
Dec12, Dec13, State and explain advantages and disadvantages of PLC in detail. 10/8/8/8
May15, Dec15,
May16
Dec14
Write various advantages and disadvantages of PLC. 10
Dec11,May15
What are different selection criteria for PLC. 4/8
Dec15
State the various criteria for selecting PLC for particular application. 6

Unit 2
Year Question Marks
Dec15
Explain programming equipment. 8
Dec12, May12
May16 Explain the rules for constructing the ladder diagram. 8
May15
Explain rules for proper construction of PLC ladder diagram. 8
Dec12
What is time delay relay? What are its basic types? 6
Dec13
Write a short note on Timers & also explain its types. 8
April13,May16
Explain different types of timers. 8
Dec15
Explain On Delay Timer and Off Delay Timer with their timing diagrams. 8
May15
Explain T-ON timer 8
April14
Write a short note on Counters & also explain its types. 8
Dec14
Explain Up counter and Down counter along with their timing diagrams. 8
Dec13, April13
Explain different types of switches. 8/9
Dec11
Explain with symbols different types of switches. 8
Dec12
What is the difference between analog and ON/OFF devices? 2

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
Dec11
State and explain Input ON/OFF and analog devices. 8
May12,
April13,May16 Explain Input ON/OFF and analog devices in detail. 8/9
May12
Explain Output ON/OFF and analog devices in detail. 8
Dec13,Dec15
Explain input analog devices. 8
April14
Explain different types of relays. 8
May15
Explain electromagnetic relay as an ON/OFF output devices. 8
Edc14
Explain ON/OFF Output devices. 8
April14,
Dec14 Explain output analog devices. 8
Dec12
Explain analog input and output devices in detail with examples. 9
Dec14
Develop the ladder diagram for traffic light controller. Switch I1 is used to start and I2 is 8
used to stop the cycle. There will be three lamps Red, Yellow and Green lamps as
output.
Dec11
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1
Dec11, Dec13
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1
May12
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
April13,May16
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2
I1 I2 Q1 Q2
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
April14
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0
Dec12
Draw the ladder diagram for multiple push button operation with delayed ON/OFF operation. 9
Timer Time Q1 Q2
I1 = 1 & I2 = 0 T1 5s 1 0
---- T2 5s 0 1
I1 = 0 & I2 = 1 ---- ---- 0 0

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
Inputs are I1 and I2. Outputs are Q1 and Q2.
When start switch (I1) is pressed, output 1 (Q1) should be ON for 5 Sec.
After 5 Sec, Output 1 should be OFF and Output 2 (Q2) should be ON and remain ON
for 5 Sec.
After 5 Sec, Output 2 should be OFF and again Output 1 (Q1) should be ON. The
process should be repeated till stop switch (I2) is pressed. When I2 is pressed, the
complete process should stop.
Dec15
Three motors are being controlled using three separate timers. Each motor will remain 8
ON for 10 sec. After every 10 sec. previous motor stops and the next motor becomes
ON. This will continue in a cycle. Switch I1 is used to start and I2 is used to stop the
cycle. Following table explains the function.
Inputs- Switches I1, I2 Outputs- Motors Q1, Q2, Q3
I1 = 1 & I2 = 0 Timer Time Q1 Q2 Q3
---- T1 10 s 1 0 0
---- T2 10 s 0 1 0
---- T3 10 s 0 0 1
I1 = 0 & I2 = 1 ---- ---- 0 0 0
May15
Develop the ladder diagram for the following truth table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2
I1 I2 Q1 Q2
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0

Unit 3
Year Question Marks
May15
Write a short note on PID controller. 8
April14
Explain the effect of changes in Kp, Ki and Kd on the performance of the system. 8
Dec14
Explain the effect of varying only Ki and Kd of PID controller on the output. 8
Dec15
Explain the effect of varying only proportional constant (Kp) of PID controller on the 8
output.
Dec12
Explain Proportional, Integral and Derivative control and explain its individual effect on 8
performance of the system.
Dec11
With proper block diagram and response curves explain PID control for closed loop 9
system.
Dec13
With the help of response curves, explain the effect of only increasing proportional gain 8
of the controller.
Dec15
State various methods of PID tuning. 8
May12
Explain ‘Adjust and Observe’ tuning method. 8
Dec14
Explain ‘Adjust and Observe’ method of PID tuning. 8
May15
State ‘Adjust and Observe’ method of PID tuning. 8
Dec12
Explain the steps taken in tuning the PID control. 8
Dec11
What is PID tuning? How it is achieved? 9
Dec13,April14
What is the tuning of PID controller? 8
April13,May16
What is the tuning of PID? Explain in detail. 8
May12
Draw and explain block diagram of PID control using PLC. 8
April13,May16
Explain of PID control using PLC. 8
May12,May16
Draw and explain AC motor starter. 8
April14
Write short note on AC motor starter. 8
April13
Explain overload protection for AC motor. 8
Dec12
Draw and explain AC motor overload protection. 8
Dec14
Write short note on AC motor overload protection. 8
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
April14, Dec15
Explain speed control of DC Motor. 8
May12,April13
May16 Explain speed control of DC Motor with DC source. 8
Dec15
Explain speed control of DC Motor with AC source. 8
Dec11
Using solid state device, explain any one method of DC motor speed control. 8
Dec13
Explain DC Motor control with DC power source. 8
May15
What are the different parameters which are affecting the speed of DC motor 8
May15
Explain speed control of AC motor. 8
Dec11
Explain variable speed (variable frequency) AC motor drive. 8
Dec12
Explain variable frequency drive for AC motor. 8
Dec13
Write short note on Variable Frequency Drive. 8
Dec14
Explain V/F control of an ac motor. 8

Unit 4
Year Question Marks
May12, Dec14
Define SCADA. 4/2
May15
Define and explain with block diagram parts of SCADA. 8
Dec15
Define and explain any four components of SCADA system. 8
Dec11
Explain SCADA system architecture in detail. 9
Dec13
Draw and explain basic SCADA architecture. 9
May12,Dec12
Draw and explain SCADA architecture in detail. 10/9
April14, Dec14
Draw block diagram of SCADA and explain in detail. 8
Dec12
What are the two layers of SCADA architecture? Explain the software components 8
required for them.
May16
Define SCADA and explain its architecture with neat diagram. 8
Dec13
Define SCADA. State advantages, disadvantages and applications of SCADA system. 9
May15, Dec15
State advantages, disadvantages and applications of SCADA system. 8
Dec12
Explain advantages and disadvantages of SCADA systems. 9
Dec12,April14
Dec11,Dec14,May16 State advantages and disadvantages of SCADA system. 9/8
Dec11
Define: i) SCADA, ii) RTU, iii) HMI, iv) MTU 9
April 13
Define and explain i) RTU, ii) HMI 8
May16
Define and explain: i) HMI, ii) MTU, iii) RTU, iv) SCADA 8
Dec12
Write a short note on: i) Human Machine Interface, ii) Remote Terminal Unit 8
Dec12
Explain: i) Human Machine Interface, ii) Master terminal Unit, iii) Remote Terminal 9
Unit
Dec13,May15,
Dec15, May16 Explain SCADA data transfer through PLCC. 9/8
April13
Explain the various communication technologies used in SCADA systems. 9
Dec13
Explain SCADA Communication in an electrical power system. 9
Dec15
Explain how SCADA architecture is achieved in an electrical power system. 8
Dec11,April13
April14,Dec14 What are SCADA system desirable properties? 8
May15
Explain SCADA desirable properties. 8
April14
Define and explain real time system. 4
April13
Draw and explain SCADA server. 9
Dec14
Define and explain SCADA server. 6
Dec12
State applications of SCADA. 4
April14
List various functions of SCADA 4

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale

Unit 5
Year Question Marks
April14
Explain SCADA system architectural in detail. 9
May15
Explain SCADA system architectures in detail. 8
May16
Explain SCADA system functional architecture in detail. 8
Dec12
Explain first, second and third generations of SCADA architecture. 8
Dec13
Explain different SCADA architectures. 8
Dec15
Explain SCADA system architectures or generations in detail. 8
April13,
May15, Write short note on Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED). 8
Dec15,
May16
Dec14
Explain operation and control between various control centers of power system. 8
April13
Explain Energy Management Systems for large interconnected power system. 9
Dec11
With block diagram explain how SCADA system is used in Automatic sub-station control. 8
April13
Explain automatic Substation Control through SCADA systems. 9
Dec14
Draw and explain SCADA in Automation substation control. 8
May12
Write short note on Energy Management System. 8
April14
Draw and explain SCADA in Energy Management System. 9
Dec11
What are different system operating states in power system? 8
Dec12
What are three levels of control of SCADA in Power System? Explain function of each level 9
in detail.
April13,
Dec13 Write short note on state estimation. 8
May16
Explain with block diagram any one application of SCADA 8
May12
Write short note on SCADA system used in Petroleum Refining Process. 8
Dec14
Explain with block diagram use of SCADA in petroleum refining process. 8
Dec13
Explain with example how SCADA system is used in conventional Electric Power Generation. 8
Dec11
Explain how SCADA system is used in Electric Power Generation. 8
Dec12
Write short note on SCADA system used in Electric Power Generation. 9
Dec12
Write a short note on Automatic Generation Control (AGC). 8
Dec11
Explain how SCADA system is used in water purification system. 8
May12,
Dec12 Write short note on SCADA system used in water purification system. 8
Dec13,
April14, Explain with block diagram use of SCADA in water purification system. 9/8
May15,
Dec15
April14,
Dec14, Explain with block diagram use of SCADA in chemical plant. 9/8
Dec15,
May16

Unit 6
Year Question Marks
April13,April14,
Dec14 Explain seven layers of OSI model and their functions. 8/9
May15, Dec15
Draw and explain seven layers of OSI model and their functions. 9
Dec11
Explain Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Also explain functions of OSI 9
model and OSI protocols.
May12
What are Open Systems Interconnection protocols? 8
April13
Explain functions of transmission and control layers. 8
Dec11
Explain TCP/IP layered architecture. Also explain functions of TCP/IP model layers 9
and TCP/IP protocol.
May12
Explain DNP3 protocol. 8
Dec14
Draw and explain DNP3 protocol. 9
Dec12
Explain IEC 61850 layered architecture protocol. 8
April14,May15Dec15,
May16 Draw and explain IEC 61850 layered architecture. 8/9
April13,May16
Explain Control and Information protocol. 8/9

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
Dec14
Explain Flexible Function Block process (FFB) 9
Dec14
Explain the communication architectures of the Profibus versions 9
Dec11
Write a short note on: DeviceNet. 8
Dec13
Explain DeviceNet protocol in detail. 8
May12
Explain Control Net protocol. 8
Dec12
What is EtherNet/IP protocol? 8
April13, Dec15
Explain Ethernet/IP protocols. 8
April14,May15
Explain Control Net, Device Net, Ethernet/IP. 8/9
May16
Explain Control Net, Ethernet/IP. 9
May12
Explain relationship among CIP and other protocols. 8
Dec13
Explain EtherNet layers and their relationship to CIP. 8
Dec12
Explain Flexible Function Block process (FFB). 8
April14
Explain the communication architectures of the Profibus versions. 8
Dec11
Explain different versions of profibus and their protocols. 8
Dec13
Explain Foundation fieldbus layered architecture. 8
Dec12
What are Security Implications of the SCADA protocols? 8
Dec13, May15,
Dec15, May16 Write note on the Security Implications of the SCADA protocols. 8/9

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale

Unit wise questions from University Question Papers – 2012 & 2015 Pattern
Unit 1
Year Question Marks
May16
What is automation? Explain its advantages 6
Aug16
Explain benefits of automation. 6
Aug17,Aug18
What are various benefits of automation? 5/6
Aug15
Define Programmable Logic Controller. 2
Aug18
Define programmable logic controller as per NEEMA. 3
May19
Define Programmable Logic controller and explain its various types. 7
Dec17
Define programmable logic controller and state the selection criteria for the same. 7
May16
Explain overall PLC system with neat block diagram. 7
Dec16,Aug17
Draw and explain block diagram of Programmable Logic Controller. 8
Aug16
With neat block diagram explain architecture of PLC. 6
Aug18, May18
With neat block diagram explain over all system of PLC. 7/8
Aug16,Aug17
Explain in brief various types of PLC. 4/5
Aug15
Explain the operation of Input Module. 6
Dec16,Aug18
Explain input analog devices. (Explain various input analog devices.) 7/6
Dec18
Explain analog signal processing. Assume input 0 to 78 VAC, input module 0 to 5 V 8
DC, 8 bit base. How 61.5 V AC input voltage is converted and scaled to CPU input
register?
May19
Explain analog signal processing. Assume input 0 to 80 V AC, input module 0 to 5 V 8
DC, 8 bit base. How 31 V AC input voltage is converted and scaled to CPU input
register?
Dec15
Explain Input output modules of PLC. 6
May19
Explain input and output module of Programmable Logic Controller. 7
May18
Write a short note on input and output modules. 7
Dec15
Write a short note on CPU. 7
Dec18
Draw and explain operational sections of CPU. 7
Aug15
Explain the PLC power supply. 4
Aug15
List & discuss the advantages & disadvantages of PLC. 8
Dec16,Dec18
State advantages and disadvantages of PLC. 8
Dec17,May17
State advantages of Programmable Logic Controller in details. 8
Aug16
Explain the criteria for selecting a PLC for particular application. 4
Aug17
What are different selection criteria for PLC? 2
May17
What are different applications of PLC? 6
Aug18
State and explain various applications of PLC. 4

Unit 2
Year Question Marks
Aug16
Explain Programming equipment with different types. 6
Dec16
What is programming equipment? State their types. 7
Aug16
What are the different techniques of Programming with PLC? 4
Dec15
What are the different rules to ladder diagram? 7
Aug17,Aug18
Explain various rules for development/construction of ladder diagram. 6/8
Aug15
Explain MCR (master control relay) and control zones? 4
Aug18
Explain control zone relay. 3
Aug15
Explain on delay timer in detail along with its timing diagram. 6
May17
Explain Ton timer along with its three bits. 8
Dec18
Explain Retentive Timer (RTO) with all its bits on the ladder diagram and timing 8
diagram.
Dec17,Aug18
Draw ladder diagram for traffic light controller using three different timers. 8/7
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
May18
Explain counters and its types used in PLC. 8
May16
Explain Up Down counter 7
May19
Explain UP/DOWN counter with RESET on ladder diagram and timing diagram. 8
Aug16,Aug17
Explain up counter in detail with its related bits and timing diagram. 6
Dec17
Draw and explain ladder diagram of Down counter along with all its bits. Draw its 8
timing diagram also.
Aug18
Explain RESET instruction. 2
Aug15
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 5
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1
Dec15,Dec17
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
Dec16
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 7
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1
May16,May18
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0
Aug16,May19
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 4
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1
Aug17
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 4
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 0
May17
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 0
Dec18
Draw the ladder diagram for the following function table. 8
Inputs – I1, I2 Outputs – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
I1 I2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1
Dec15
Three motors are controlled using three separate timers. Each motor will remain ON for 8
10 sec. After every 10 sec. previous motor stops and the next motor becomes ON. This
will continue in a cycle. Switch I 1 is used to start and I2 is used to stop the cycle.
Following table explains the function.
Inputs- Switches I1, I2 Outputs- Motors Q1, Q2, Q3
I1 = 1 & I2 = 0 Timer Time Q1 Q2 Q3
---- T1 10 s 1 0 0
---- T2 10 s 0 1 0
---- T3 10 s 0 0 1
I1 = 0 & I2 = 1 ---- ---- 0 0 0

Unit 3
Year Question Marks
Aug16
What are the different signals with PLC works? Explain input ON/OFF switching 4
devices.
May17
What is the difference between input and output devices? Give one example of each. 6
Aug17
What are the different input ON/OFF devices? 4
Aug18
Write short note on proximity sensors explaining its types. 5
Dec16
What is difference between ON/OFF and analog devices? Explain output analog devices. 7
Dec15
Explain Input ON/OFF devices. 6
May19
Describe any one type of float switch used as a level sensor. 7
Dec17
Explain any two flow and level sensors. 8
Aug15
Explain various types of switches with their symbols. 5
Aug15, May18
Explain input analog devices. 6
Dec18
Explain any one type of sensor used for measurement of temperature 6
May18
Explain any one type of thermal sensor. 8
Aug15, May19
Explain output ON/OFF devices. 4/7
Dec17
Which are the different ON/OFF output devices? Explain any two in detail. 6
Aug17,Aug18
Draw and explain electromechanical relay. 4
May16, Aug16,
Dec18 Explain output analog devices. 6/4/7
Aug17
List output analog devices. Explain any one example in detail. 6
Aug18
What are different types of control elements? Explain any one of them in details. 5
May16, Aug16
What is the effect of change in proportional constant (Kp) on the performance of the 6
system.
May18
What is the effect of change of Kp in PID controller on the output of the closed loop 7
system?
Aug17
What is the effect of change of Kp on the output system? Explain with response curves. 6
Dec18
Explain the effect of change of integral gain Ki and derivative gain Kd of PID controller 8
on the response of the system.
Aug17,Dec17
What is the effect of change of integral constant (Ki) and derivative constant (Kd) on the 4/7
performance of the system.
Aug15
Explain PID controller. 4
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
May17
Explain PID control of continuous process. 8
Aug15
What is tuning of PID Explain different methods of tuning. 6
Dec15, May19
Explain Adjust and Observe method of PID tuning. 6/8
Aug16
What is Adjust and Observe method? 6

Unit 4
Year Question Marks
May16
Explain electromechanical transducers with examples. 8
May17
Explain any one electromechanical sensor. 8
Dec16
Explain any two types of transducers. 8
Dec15
How speed of the motor can be measured by PLC? 8
Dec15
Explain thermal transducers with examples. 8
Dec16
Explain how temperature is measured and controlled by PLC. 8
May16
How temperature of the water in the tank is measured by PLC? 8
May18,May19
Explain temperature control using PLC with the help of block diagram only. 8
May17
How level of water in the tank is measured? 8
May16
Design traffic light controller using PLC ladder diagram. 8
May17
Write a short note on AC motor overload protection. 8
Dec16, Dec17,
May18 Draw and explain AC motor overload protection. 8
May16
Explain variable speed (variable frequency) AC motor drive 8
Dec16
Explain variable frequency drive for AC motor. 8
May18,May19
Write short note on variable frequency drive. 8
May17
Draw and explain controller for DC motor. 8
Dec18
Write a short note on DC motor controller. 8
Dec15
Write a short note on DC motor speed control with solid state device. 8
Dec18
Explain speed control of DC motor using PLC with block diagram only. 8
Dec17
How speed of the DC motor is controlled using PLC? Explain with the help of block 8
diagram only.

Unit 5
Year Question Marks
May16
Define SCADA and give its applications. 2
Dec15
Define SCADA. 2
May17
Define SCADA and state its desirable properties. 8
Dec15
What are desirable properties of SCADA? 2
Dec17
State and Explain different features of SCADA system. 8
May16
Write advantages and disadvantages of SCADA system. 4
Dec16, May18
State advantages and disadvantages of SCADA system. 8
May16, May18
Draw block diagram of SCADA and explain each block in detail. 8
Dec17
Draw SCADA architecture and explain its important components. 10
Dec15
Explain SCADA architecture with neat diagram. 8
Dec16
Explain SCADA architecture in detail. 8
Dec18
Draw and explain SCADA architecture in detail. 8
Dec15,May16
Explain generation of SCADA architecture. 8/6
Dec16
Explain SCADA generations. 8
May19
Explain three SCADA generations. 8
May18,May19
Define the following terms: 8
i) SCADA. Ii) MTU. Iii) RTU. Iv) HMI. V) SCADA desirable properties.
May17
What are the different applications of SCADA system? 8
Dec18
State applications of SCADA system. 8
Dec17
What is Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and how it is achieved? Explain clearly 6
the objectives of the system.
Dec15,May16,
May18 Explain SCADA system in operation and control of interconnected power system. 8
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
May17
Explain with block diagram use of SCADA in power system generation. 8
May19
Write a short note on Automatic Substation Control. 8
Dec15
Explain application of SCADA in Petroleum Refining Process. 8
May17
Write a short note on SCADA system used in Petroleum Refining Process. 8
May19
Explain SCADA system application in Petroleum Refining Process. 8
May16
Explain application of SCADA in chemical plant 8
Dec17
Explain with block diagram use of SCADA in chemical plant. 8
Dec16
Explain how SCADA is implemented in water purification system. 8
Dec18
Explain SCADA system application in water purification system. 8
Dec18
Write a short note on Energy Management Systems (EMS). 8

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale

Unit 6
Year Question Marks
Dec15
Explain Open System Interconnection (OSI) model in detail. 8
Dec16
Explain Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. 8
May16
Explain transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) model in detail. 8
May17
Explain TCP/IP layered architecture. Also explain functions of TCP/IP model layers. 8
May18
Write a short note on TCP/IP protocol. 8
Dec18
Write a short note on EtherNet/IP protocol. 8
May17,Dec18
Explain DNP3 protocol. 8
Dec17,May18
Write a short note on DNP3 protocol. 8
Dec16
Explain DNP3 SCADA protocol. 8
May16, May18
Explain layered architecture of IEC61850. 8
May17,Dec17
Explain IEC61850 layered architecture protocol. 8
May16
Write note on control and information protocol. 8
Dec16
Explain Control and Information Protocol (CIP). 8
Dec18, May18
Write a short note on Control and Information Protocol (CIP). 8
May17
Explain Control Net protocol in detail. 8
May19
Write a short note on ControlNet protocol in detail. 8
Dec15
Write note on Device Net communication layers. 8
May19
Explain DeviceNet protocol along with its communication layers. 8
Dec15
Explain Flexible Function Block (FFB) Protocol. 8
Dec16
Explain Flexible Functional Block (FFB). 8
Dec18
Write a short note on flexible function block (FFB). 8
May16
Explain Profibus (Process Fieldbus). 8
Dec17
Write a short note on Profibus standard. 8
May19
Explain Process Field Bus (Profibus) protocol. 8
Dec15, May19
Explain the Modbus model. 8
Dec17
Explain MODBUS model along with communication layers. 8

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale

Theory Question Bank

1. Draw and explain the block diagram of CPU Processor.
2. List five microprocessors used in PLC CPUs. Which is the least powerful? Which is the most
powerful? and Why?
3. Explain PLC Advantages and Disadvantages.
4. Draw and explain the overall PLC system layout and connection.
5. Describe the feasibility of following IC memory chips used in PLC CPUs.
1) PROM 2) EPROM 3) EEPROM 4) NOVRAM
6. Draw and explain the PLC Input module layout
7. Draw and explain the PLC Output module layout.
8. Draw and explain the PLC CPUs Power supply.
9. Explain the selection criteria for PLC.
10. What corrective procedures are to be taken while construction a PLC ladder diagram.
11. Explain any four basic components and their symbols used in ladder diagram..
12. Write a short note on Programming equipments.
13. Write a short note on Analog PLC operation
14. Write a short note PID control of continuous processes
15. Draw and explain the simple closed loop systems
16. Explain the programming ON/OFF Inputs to produce ON/OFF outputs.
17. Write a short note on AC motor starter.
18. Write a short note on DC motor controller.
19. Write a short note on Variable speed AC motor drive.
20. What is advanced PLC functions and explain any industrial process example.
21. List the advantages of PLC over conventional Relay logic.
22. Explain how communication takes place between PLC and SCADA.
23. Draw a ladder diagram for a three motor system having the following conditions:
Motor 1 (M1) starts as soon as the start switch is ON, after 10 seconds M1 goesOFF and
motor 2 (M2) starts. After 5 seconds M2 goes OFF and Motor 3 (M3)starts. After 10 seconds
M3 goes OFF and M1 starts and cycle is repeated.
24. Design a ladder diagram that will control a stepper motor so that it rotate 10 stepsforward,
waits for 20 seconds and then cause the motor to rotate 10 steps in thereverse direction.
25. To develop the ladder diagram of Multiple Push Button operation with delayed lamp for
ON/OFF operation and Combination of counter and Timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.
26. To develop the ladder diagram of Set/Reset Operation: One Push button for ON and other
Push button for OFF operation
27. To develop the ladder diagram for DOL Starter and Star Delta Starter operation.
28. To develop the ladder diagram for PLC based temperature sensing and Monitoring.
29. To develop the ladder diagram for Speed control of Machine
30. To develop the ladder diagram for Alarm Annunciation of PLC.
31. Prepare flow chart and then ladder diagram to run Overhead Tank Water Level Control and to
verify the operation of the Overhead Tank Water Level Control.
32. To develop the ladder diagram for Pressure control.
33. Explain Rack and how it helps in communication between CPU and I/O module.
34. Draws the functional block diagram of SCADA with neat label.
35. Draw the block diagram of SCADA system with PLC as remote terminal units.
36. Define SCADA and explain SCADA System Evolution.
37. Explain SCADA Communications in an Electrical Power System.
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
38. What is communication Technologies and write down the different communication system
components.
39. Draw and explain SCADA Server.
40. What are different types of Architecture and explain Networked Architecture.
41. Write a short note on Remote Terminal Unit and Master Terminal Unit.
42. Write a short note on Intelligent Electronics Devices.
43. Explain First Generation –Monolithic Architecture.
44. Explain Second Generation –Distributed Architecture.
45. Write a short note on HMI system.
46. Draw and explain about Automatic Substation Control.
47. Draw and explain about Energy Management System.
48. Explain SCADA applications in Conventional Electric Power Generation.
49. What is system Security and different security control center?
50. Write a short note on SCADA data transfers through PLCC.
51. Explain overview of SCADA system security issues.
52. Define and explain Real Time system.
53. What are the desirable properties of SCADA system?
54. Explain SCADA applications in Chemical Plant.
55. What are different types of transition state in power system and explain it.
56. Explain SCADA applications in Water Purification system.
57. Explain SCADA applications in Petroleum Refining Process.
58. Explain about the SCADA Function.
59. Write a short note on State Estimation.
60. Explain OSI model and Functions of OSI Model Layers.
61. Write a short note on OSI Protocols.
62. Explain IEC61850 layered architecture.
63. Write a short note on DNP3 Protocols.
64. Explain the security implications of the SCADA protocols.
65. Explain TCP/IP Protocol.
66. Explain TCP/IP Protocol layers.
67. Define and explain DeviceNet.
68. Define and explain ControlNet.
69. Explain Flexible Modbus.
70. Explain Flexible Function Block Process (FFB).
71. Explain Process Field bus (Profibus).

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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale

Practical/Oral Question Bank

1. State the need of automation in the industry.
2. Define PLC, CPU, Programmer/monitors.
3. What is solid state memory?
4. State the classification of input/output module.
5. What is timer and how it works?
6. Explain about ON delay timer.
7. Explain about OFF delay timer.
8. What is counter and how it works?
9. State the need of HMI.
10. What are different types of instructions?
11. What is MOVE instruction?
12. What is SCP?
13. What is the role of Count Up counter?
14. What is the role of Preset?
15. What is the role of Accumulator?
16. What is the role of MUL instruction?
17. What is the role of EN?
18. What is the role of DN?
19. What is the role of TT?
20. What is Time Base?
21. What is retentive or accumulating timer?
22. How I/O is written in the ladder diagram?
23. Which are the compare instructions?
24. Which are the mathematical instructions?
25. How timer is written in the ladder diagram?
26. How counter is written in the ladder diagram?
27. List the different applications of SCADA.
28. What is mean by XIC, XIO, OTE, OTL, OTU?
29. What is mean by embedded unit?
30. What is mean by slot?
31. What is sourcing and sinking?
32. Draw the connection diagram or circuit for sourcing and sinking.
33. What is forcing?
34. What is scan time?
35. List the advantages of PLC over conventional relay logic.
36. State the classification of PLC based on type and size.
37. Describe the input device that the pressure and gives discrete output.
38. Describe the PLC operation with operating cycles.
39. What are different programming languages?
40. Classify the programming languages.
41. Suggest the possible causes of an output LED being ON but the output failing to turn ON.
42. Explain different techniques for testing inputs and outputs at terminal.
43. Give the examples of Local operator panel HMI and its advantages.
44. Which IEC standard is used/referred for PLC?
45. Draw the block diagram of SCADA system with PLC as remote terminal units.
46. List the advantages of PLC over PC.
47. What is rung?
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
48. What is bit shift register and where it is used?
49. What are the typical values of voltages and currents for input module?
50. Which components are used in the output module for switching purpose?
51. Define ladder diagram and how it draws.
52. Explain any four basic components and their symbols used in ladder diagram.
53. List five microprocessors used in PLC CPUs. Which is the least powerful? Which is the
most powerful and why?
54. Explain PLC advantages and disadvantages.
55. Draw the overall PLC system layout and connection.
56. What is true and false conditions?
57. What is logic state 0 and 1?
58. Describe the feasibility of following IC memory chips used in PLC CPU, a) PROM, b)
EPROM, c) EEPROM, d) NOVRAM.
59. What are the selection criteria for PLC?
60. What corrective procedures are to be taken while construction of PLC ladder diagram?
61. Define simple close loop system.
62. Define close loop system using PID.
63. What are different motor controls?
64. What is variable speed AC motor drive?
65. What is advanced PLC functions & explain any industrial process example.
66. List the advantages PLC over conventional Relay logic.
67. Explain how communication takes place between PLC and SCADA.
68. Draws the functional block of SCADA with neat label.
69. Draw the bock diagram of SCADA system with PLC as remote terminal units.
70. Define SCADA g explain SCADA system Evolution.
71. Explain SCADA Communications in an Electrical Power System.
72. What is communication technologies & write down the different communication system
components.
73. What are different types of Architecture of SCADA?
74. What is Third Generation Architecture?
75. Define and how work Remote Terminal Unit & Master Terminal Unit.
76. What is Intelligent Electronics Devices?
77. Explain First Generation-Monolithic Architecture.
78. Explain Second Generation-Distributed Architecture.
79. How HMI system works.
80. How is the Automatic Substation Controlled?
81. Define Energy Management System.
82. Explain SCADA applications in Conventional Electric Power Generation.
83. What is system Security & different security control center?
84. To develop the ladder diagram of lamp & button with PLC for ON & OFF operation &
delayed operation of lamp by using push button.
85. To develop the ladder diagram of multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for
ON/OFF operation &combination of counter and timer for lamp ON/OFF.
86. To develop the ladder diagram of Set/Reset Operation; One push button for ON & other
push button for OFF operation.
87. To develop the ladder diagram for DOL Starter & Star Delta Starter operation.
88. To develop the ladder diagram or PLC based temperature sensing & Monitoring.
89. To develop the ladder diagram for Speed control of Machine.
90. To develop the ladder diagram for Alarm Annunciation of PLC.
91. Prepare flow chart and then ladder diagram to run Overhead Tank Water Level Control.
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 PLC & SCADA Applications (B.E. Electrical Engg.) Prepared by A. M. Shewale
92. To verify the operation of the Overhead Tank Water Level Control and to develop the ladder
diagram for pressure control
93. What is overview of SCADA system security issues?
94. Define & explain Real Time system.
95. What are the desirable properties of SCADA system?
96. Explain SCADA applications in Chemical plant.
97. What are different types of transition state in power system & explain it.
98. Explain SCADS applications water purification system.
99. Explain SCADA applications in petroleum refining process.
100. Explain about the SCADA Function.
101. What is State Estimation?
102. Name at least three devices that are analog inputs.
103. Name at least three field devices that are analog outputs.
104. How will you write the input and output addresses?

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