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Context:
C
Finance Minisster announcced a fresh sset of two major relief m measures, thiss time to boo ost exports aand the flaggging
housing sectoor. The first one is a new
w export pro omotion scheme for the remission o of duties or ttaxes on expport
products. The second an nnouncemen nt is the seet‐up of Rs. 10,000 crore special fu
und, a speccial window for
affordable and mid‐incom me housing.
B
Background
• Earlier finance ministerr announced d a raft of m
measures, inccluding exem
mption of staartups from 'angel tax' aand a
package to address disttress in the aauto sector, tto boost eco
onomic growtth from a fivve‐year low.
• Rs. 5 Lakh ccrore will be released forr Banking Recapitalisation in a phased
d manner.
• on Taxation ffront, MSMEEs and GST isssue were other reforms taken to boo
Measures o ost the economy.
Summa
ary of the
e Debate
What are
W e the key y highlig
ghts of the meas
sures to boost ex
xports an
nd flagging
h
housing s
sector?
• The housin
ng projects considered
c f the special
for
window haave been limmited to no
on‐NPA (No on‐ Do You Know?
Performingg Assets) and
a non‐NC CLT (Nationnal The Ministry
M of Commerce & Industries through the t
Company Law Tribunal) projeccts. This will w Exportt Credit Guarantee
G Corporation (ECGC) has h
benefit roughly 3.5 lakh projectts across th
he launchhed a new Export
E Credit Insurance Scheme (EC CIS)
country. called NIRVIK to enhance
e loan
n availabilityy and ease the
t
• The other key incentivves include extending thhe lendin
ng process.
scheme of reimbursement of taxes and duties ffor export prromotion, fully automateed electronicc refund for Input
Tax Creditss (ITC) in GSTT, revised prriority sector lending no
orms for exp panding the scope of Exxport
ports and exp
Credit Insurance Schem me (ECIS).
• An inter‐miinisterial working group has also beeen formed too monitor exp port finance.. Accordinglyy, the scheme for
Remission of Duties or
o Taxes on Export Prod duct (RoDTEEP) was announced whicch will replaace Merchan
ndise
Exports from India Scheeme (MEIS) ffor textiles
• Textile and all other secctors which ccurrently enjjoy incentive es up to 2 peer cent over M
MEIS will traansit into RoD
DTEP
from Januaary 1, 2020. Ministry allso announcced that the
e Export Creedit Guaranttee Corporaation (ECGC)) will
expand thee scope of export credit in nsurance serrvice (ECIS).
• According to
t ministry, India will organise annu
ual mega sh
hopping festivals at fourr locations with
w four theemes
across the ccountry in M
March 2020.
W
What are the facto
ors that are
a impac
cting exports?
• t the CEIC Data, exportts from India have seen
According to n a decline in
n 2019 comp
pared to the
e last year. After
A
ear‐on‐year, exports decclined 7.8 percent year‐‐on‐year in June
growing att 19.075 perrcent in Auggust 2018 ye
2019, the d
data reveals.
• A major challenge that has affected the exportters in recen nt times is lack of liquiditty for workin
ng capital duue to
delay in recceiving GST rrefunds undeer input tax ccredit. This h
has lead to a delay in gettting clearancces at ports.
• Few concerrns regardingg the qualityy of exported
d products and lack of su
ufficient inceentives from the governm
ment
were also raised.
• Indian expo
ort is globally uncompettitive becausse of high co
ost of creditt, poor skill and innovation and high
h tax
componentt.
W
What is th
he curren
nt status of Indian
n exports
s sector?
• India's net export, one of the four kkey componeents of the G
GDP, has been in negativee zone for de
ecades, provving a
big drag onn its growth story. It cro
ossed the $1
100 billion m
mark in 2008
8‐09 and hass remained aabove that ssince,
clocking $1184 billion in
n 2018‐19.
• Declining ggrowth in exxport of merchandise an nd services. A
After a sudden spurt in 22010‐11 and d 2011‐12, In
ndia's
export growwth has declined to single digit, both for merchanndise and services, in US dollar termss.
• India's sharre in global e
export: Indiaa has been sttruggling to rraise its sharre of global eexport of me
erchandise to
o 2%,
which it lasst attained in
n 1948 ‐ wheen it touchedd a high of 2.2% in US do ollar terms. Its share has remained below
2% ever sinnce and hoveered between 1.5% and 1 1.7% betwee en 2010 and 2018 (financcial year).
• India's highh‐value expo
ort sectors showing
s worrying signs: Engineering goods, gem
ms and jewe
ellery and reeady‐
made garm ment (RMG) o of textiles aree three of th
he top sectorrs contributin
ng most to In
ndia's exportt in value andd are
of great siggnificance because of theeir labour intensive naturre, providingg high employyment.
H
How the re
eforms in Housing sector
s can
n affect th
he econom
my?
• It will generally encouraage consumer spending and lead to higher economic growth
h.
• A sharp drrop in houssing sector adversely afffects consu
umer confidence, construction and leads to lo
ower
economic ggrowth. (falling house priices can conttribute to ecconomic receession)
• It can redisstribute weaalth within an economy –– increasing the wealth of homeown ners (primarily older peo
ople),
but reducinng effective living standards for thosee who do nott own a housse (often thee young).
• Boost in hoousing sector can impactt the lendingg practices o of banks. Wh hen house prrices are rising rapidly, b banks
see an imp
provement in the value of their assets. They feel
f more co
onfident in iincreasing bank
b lendingg and
reducing thheir reserve rratio.
W
Way forward
d
• Require mu uch more wo ork on exporrt sector. An export‐led b backward inttegration strrategy for maanufacturingg and
business seervices is esseential for acccelerating ecconomic grow
wth.
• e and Manuffacturing secctors also need some big reforms and
Agriculture d policy makers should fo
ocus here.
• Need to reccognise strucctural issues and bring m
more adminisstrative reforrms.