ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-2

ASSIGNMENT NO.1

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. USMAN ALI NAEEM
SUBMITTED BY:
AHSAN SHAHBAZ
ROLL NO:
16-CE-65
SECTION:
A
  STATEMENT:
Discuss role of environmental engineering in other discipline and real life, also narrate the
major environmental projects nationwide and worldwide respectively. What do you think
about the scope of environmental engineering and in Pakistan also discuss the
demands in your own views?

 ABSTRACT:
The practice of environmental engineering is back to the creation of the world. In the start of
the life people have less knowledge about the disposal of sewage. With the growth of cities
and advantage of large-scale farming and manufacturing, people have also had to worry about
air quality and soil contamination. Environmental engineering plays a vital role in saving the
environment, for protection of human population from the effects of adverse environmental
factors.

 INTRODUCTION:
Everything around us is environment, environmental engineering helps us in disposal of
sewage, helps us to improve the quality of the environment. If the quality of the environment
is not proper it will cause serious problems for the human beings. Therefore, we've always
needed to find bigger and better ways of taking away our sewage, cleaning our water and
harnessing natural or artificial water supplies for our health and environment. Since the
industrial revolution in the 19th century we have needed to prevent businesses and individuals
from polluting the environment with harmful substances. The modern environmental engineer
is dedicated to keeping our air and water clean of pollutants and promoting good health and
these days, protection against radioactive and toxic materials too; they also study the potential
effects of climate changes and other environmental factors on the infrastructure.

 ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN LIFE:

Management of Solid Waste:

Our societies produce a lot of the solid waste on daily basis.
We recycle the solid materials to reuse it our life again but
new technologies also produce problems for us. Climate
change is now a large factor in how fast these countries can
develop. Environmental engineers of the future will be
expected to provide answers and strategies for this form of
waste disposal.
Water Supply:
Due to increase of the population, the quantity and
quality of water decrease a lot. Over the last decade, we
have been aware of the limits of water acquisition and
retention. Drought affects food supply and increases
fire risks in urban areas; flooding also affects food
supply and the economy; businesses cannot open and
local and national governments have a large bill for a
clean-up operation, as well as putting an enormous
strain on public services.

Management of Water Waste

Environmental engineers ensure the smooth running of
supplying us with water, and of taking it away from our
homes and businesses. it is good for our health and for
the environment and today we produce so much waste
water from our toilets, from our showers and baths,
from swimming pools, from washed clothes and dishes
- and that's just home use. We produce a lot of waste
industrially too and disposal of these substances do not
necessarily follow the same process; dangerous
materials can leak into the environment and our drinking water, so it needs careful handling.

Air Pollution Management

Air pollution is also become a dangerous issue in these

days. It used to be control and management of toxic
materials and their effects on the environment. The
biggest issue in the air pollution is acid rain, which
causes many problems for the human beings, so,
environmental engineer must produce safe techniques
to save environment from air pollution.
Radiation and the Environment
Radiation-protection program management for
CANDU operations is essential for both
personal safety and reactor safety functions.
The health physics office will be involved in or
responsible for various management aspects
including licensing, training, personnel
monitoring and bioassay, work planning and
review, surveys and equipment maintenance,
inventory control, waste management,
emergency preparedness, quality assurance, and
audits. Well-defined and well-executed management plans at CANDU plants ensure that the
stations operate in the most safe and reliable configuration possible.
There are three general reasons to sample the environment for radioactivity:
1. Establish a baseline level of radionuclides;
2. Show compliance with regulations for some activity; and
3. Track radionuclides in the event of a suspected unplanned release.
  ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN OTHER
DISCIPLINE:
Role in Construction:

Environmental engineering play an important role in the construction project, that why it is
consider as one of the major subjects in civil engineering e.g. In the life of a construction of
any building, there are numerous points of interaction between engineering and environmental
team members, and it is essential that these interaction points be properly identified in the
project schedule, and then monitored to assure that they occur as planned. Examples of these
points of interaction include:

(1) placement of exploratory borings in locations that provide necessary geotechnical

information, while avoiding areas of potential environmental concern.

(2) identification of an appropriate project footprint in a timely manner during the

planning/permitting phase so that “seasonally sensitive” biological surveys can be performed
early and avoid adding an entire year to the project schedule.

(3) identification of access road and staging area locations that allow for efficient construction
and are also suitable from an environmental standpoint.

(4) identification of dam height, texture, and coloration with respect to the visibility of the
structure from surrounding residences.

(5) Consideration of the effects of noise and dust on nearby residents as a result of construction
activities that may exceed regulated environmental thresholds. The key is to promote the timely
and effective integration of engineering and environmental issues to enhance the overall
effectiveness of the project team, allow the project to proceed more smoothly, avoid surprises
and schedule delays, and increase the likelihood that regulators will provide permits for project
construction.
  ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING:
Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to protect
the environment and remediate contaminated sites. Chemical and environmental engineers
develop and design processes to provide healthy air, water and soil. They also develop green
products and sustainable processes. Using their background in process engineering,
environmental chemistry, earth sciences and biology, engineers have to meet the current and
future challenges in protecting, managing and restoring the environment.
Ongoing research in the area of environmental engineering in our department includes the study
of wastewater treatment processes, biodegradation of emerging pollutants, advanced oxidation
processes, transport and fate of waterborne contaminants, production of alternative fuels,
environmental nanotechnology for remediation of contaminated soils and waters, green
chemistry for safer products and processes, and development of biosensors for pollutant
detection.

 ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN

SUSTAINABILITY FROM LOCAL COMMUNITY TO GLOBAL
SOCIETY:

Sustainable development is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The concept
of needs goes beyond simply material needs and includes values, relationships, freedom to
think, act, and participate, all amounting to sustainable living, morally, and spiritually. While
the practice of environmental engineering has evolved considerably during the past two
decades, its underlying contract with society has always been the same. Environmental
engineering is about providing quality of life for all, with the protection, nurture and renewal
of a fragile environment in mind. Environmental scientists predict that local communities and
individual houses will generally become smaller, and will be based on principles of ecological
design, where the restoration of natural environments within urban landscapes is to play an
important role. The ecological approach to the built environment involves a holistic design
approach where energy use and resource depletion is reduced, and external and internal
pollution causing potential damage to users and the environment is minimized. An example of
such design at the level of individual housing is the Hockerton project, which was completed
in Great Britain in 1996 and listed in the catalogue of “best practice” examples by the European
Green Building Forum in 2001. In this project, rainwater from the roofs is filtered and collected
as drinking water. Since plastic is likely to give off toxics, copper gutters are used. In order to
save energy, water is heated with a pump. Water falling elsewhere on the estate is pumped to
a reservoir large enough to hold several months' supply for washing laundry and growing crops.
The reservoir’s capacity is 150 m, and the water runs through a natural filter system. All sewage
treatment systems are biological and rely entirely on natural organisms. A mechanical aeration
system recycles air and preserves heat within the building. Heating costs are minimized. Figure
3 shows how the houses in the Hockerton project were covered with earth to trap heat.
Sustainable building design is the thoughtful integration of ecologically aware architecture and
electrical, mechanical, and structural engineering. In addition to concerns for aesthetics,
proportion, scale, texture and light, ecological long term costs are taken into account.
Connecting building design with nature brings new forms of life to urban dwellings and
reminds us of our place within nature. Sustainable building design is to take into consideration
a wide range of cultures, races, religions and habits to meet the needs of individuals and
communities, at local and global scales.
 ROLE OF ENVIRONEMNTAL ENGINEERING TO MAJOR
IMAPCTS ON ENVIRONMENT DUE TO UNBANIZATION AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION:
Probably most of the major environmental problems of the next century will result from the
continuation and sharpening of existing problems that currently do not receive enough
political attention. The problems are not necessarily noticed in many countries or then
nothing is done even the situation has been detected. The most emerging issues are climate
changes, freshwater scarcity, deforestation, and fresh water pollution and population growth.
These problems are very complex and their interactions are hard to define. It is very
important to examine problems trough the social-economic-cultural system. Even the
interconnections between environmental problems are now better known, we still lack exact
information on how the issues are linked, on what degree they interact and what are the most
effective measures. One problem is to integrate land- and water use planning to provide food
and water security (UNEP 1999).

 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT NATIONWIDE AND

WORLDWIDE:

Environmental Engineering Project Related to Land-use Development and

Planning Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Economic Development:
The Commission’s new Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment calls for an integrated
approach to environmental management, land-use and transport planning at the local and
regional level. To be sustainable, land-use planning and development must harmonies a wide
array of cross-cutting aims, ranging from water, air and soil protection to the promotion of
economic development; from The conservation of natural habitats to the fulfilment of transport
needs; and from managing local climate-protection measures to reducing social segregation.
Entailing partly contradictory objectives, land-use planning processes are often conflict-ridden.
Sustainable land-use therefore requires integrated approaches, which take into account the
economic and social, as well as environmental concerns of the numerous different stakeholders
involved .
Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Tool for the Evaluation of Air Quality:
Beneficiary: CCDR Alentemol, Portugal
Total Budget: e1, 282,000
LIFE Contribution: e622, 000
Period: 01-Dec-2001 to 30-Nov-2004
Identifying and evaluating an area’s air pollutants is an important step towards
managing the quality of air. Industrial activity in the Sines region of the Alentejo is located in
clusters, and as a result it is difficult to determine the exact source of air pollution. The project
was set up to enable the Commission for Regional Coordination and Development of the
Alentejo region (CCDR-Alentejo) to better evaluate the Air quality Of the Sines region. It
provides a wide range of environmental data that allows the CCDR Alentejo to implement a
programme of sustainable industrial development and environmental management. Since the
1960s the Sines area of the Alentejo has been a Centre for industrial development. An industrial
harbor was built, and the area attracted many companies related to the petrochemical and
energy sectors. These industries have contributed to air pollution, however, emitting Sulphur
dioxide, nitrous oxide de and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. The LIFE-
supported project was set up in response to local demand for an improvement in air quality and
the opportunity presented by the surrounding Parks and coastal Areas for eco-tourism. It
recognized The urgent Need for a monitoring Tool that would take various types of data, such
as emissions, traditional air-quality indicators, bio-indicators and information About land-use
And climate, And provide The local authority with Useful guidelines for sustainable
development and land use. The end result was a web-based system that provides relevant and
up-to-date information to the public, industry and managers. The CCDR Alentejo is responsible
for keeping the system up and running, and monitoring facilities are a permanent fixture of the
area.

Air Quality Forecast and Alarming System on Pollution Levels:

Beneficiary: National Administration of Meteorology, Romania
Total Budget: e462, 000
LIFE Contribution: e201, 000
Period: 01-Nov-2001 to 30-Apr-2005
Due to its topography and the presence of two large smelting facilities, the City Of
Baia Mare Suffers from high levels of pollution from toxic substances such as Sulphur dioxide
and lead powders. The county of Maramures, in which Baia Mare is located, is one of the
country’s 20 most polluted areas (also known as “hot-spots”). Here the mortality caused by air-
pollution related diseases is 15% higher than the national urban average. Local weather
conditions further increase the risk of incidences of high concentrations of pollutants that
Accumulate just above the ground level. The National Administration of Meteorology (NAM)
is legally responsible for issuing warnings about adverse weather and ambient pollution. At the
start of the project, however, air-quality forecasting was not technically available in Romania,
and the NAM had no method of predicting when and where exceptionally high levels of air
pollution would occur. The aim of the AIR for ALL project was to develop a computerized
system to forecast air-quality status in Baia Mare urban area and other neighbouring zones 24
to 48 hours in advance. Based on this warning, the local authorities, the polluters and the
population can react to prevent the occurrence of high levels of pollutants and avoid high-risk
areas. The project created a scientific discussion Ground for the central authorities, local
authorities and the polluters, to jointly act to avoid increased air contamination.
  SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES
IN PAKISTAN:

Environmental engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the protection of

environment and minimizing its adverse effects on human and other organisms. It involves the
principals of biology, chemistry and engineering’s to come up with solutions to environmental
problems. Some of the issues they address include pollution (air and water), public health,
waste disposal and recycling issues. Environmental engineers conduct find ways for waste
management, and treatment of industrial wastes. The environmental engineering is very
emerging field in Pakistan. Environmental engineers utilize biological and chemical principles
to come up with solutions to environmental problems. Some of the issues they address include
pollution (air and water), public health, waste disposal and recycling issues. Environmental
engineers conduct harmful waste management training where they evaluate the danger find and
give solutions to the containment and treatment of the waste as well as develop methods and
regulations to prevent such issues. If we define the environmental sciences in the simple terms
then it is defined as the term through which you would be able to learn about the present
situation and conditions of the environment and ecosystem. By holding the degree of the
environmental sciences in your hands you would be named as Ecologists by which you would
be able to make you way into any type of the industry for the employment purposes. Ecology
is the combination of so many other fields such as biology, chemistry, botany as well as
geology, microbiology, zoology and environmental engineering

 List of Employment Areas for Environmental Engineering and

Sciences in Pakistan:

Below are some of the main employment areas that are being offered to the degree holders of
the environmental sciences in Pakistan:
1-Green Peach and Other Environmental NGO Centers:
2-Environmental Protection Center:
3-University and Colleges:
4-Research Centers:
5-Municipal Councils:
6-Solid Water Management Divisions:
7-Testing Laboratories:
 8-WASA:
9-Irrigation Ministry Department:
10-Air Pollution Management Wing:
11-WAPDA:
12-Environmental Protection NGO:
13-Water, Supply & Treatment Plants:
14-Consulting Firms:
15-Survey Plants Companies:
Talk about Job Types in Scope of Environmental Engineering and Sciences in Pakistan:
1-Field Researcher Expert
2-NGO Worker
3-Teacher/Professor
4-Green Plant Writer
5-Government Servant
6-Environmental Consultant Expert
7-Regulator
8-Data Collector
9-Lab Attendant
10-Scientific Writer
11-Scientific Researcher Expert
12-Data Survey Expert

5-Demands of Environmental Engineering and Sciences in Pakistan:

The only thing on which no one can compromise is environment safety and human health. And
the main source of contamination for human health is only water, and then other such as air
pollution etc. although in Pakistan ground water is good and can be used by the people in
different areas, but the issue is that in some areas drinking water quality is not good. Hence
there is need of environmental engineering so that we provide proper treated water according
to local and international standard to people for their health safety. We also know that more
than 80% of the diseases of the world are due to water. Another aspect that, some industries in
Pakistan are disposing industrial waste water in the river, streams without any treatment which
damaging our environment and causing the water pollution. In this way quality of water in our
river is not good e.g. swan and Ravi River in Pakistan are showing these condition, however
the quality of water of Indus River is good. So there is big demand of environmental
engineering and sciences in Pakistan so that we provide proper water treatment plant in every
industry, and there must be a ban on openly dumping of waste water without any treatment.
Water pollution is not only dangerous for public health but also for aquatic life. Now there is
another major environmental problem which is air pollution in Pakistan. This is once again due
to factories and industries in Pakistan which are exhausting thermal pollutant such as CO2 and
other dangerous such as oxides etc. due to thermal and air pollution ozone layer is depleting
day by day. Whenever, we hear about depletion of ozone layer the first thing which touches
our mind in environmental pollution. Due to depletion of ozone layer during last few decades
the world is really concerned about the environment. Urbanization and industrialization are
generating a lot of environmental issues and many countries including UNO and NGOs are
making their steps forward to control this damage. So there is need of environmental
engineering and science to control these issues.

 References

 British Medical Association (1998) Health and Environmental Impact Assessment, Earth scan
Publications, London
 https://www.eduvision.edu.pk/careers/?id=95
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265216682_Impacts_of_urbanisation_on_envir
onment
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sustainable-
development