Sharing of social and cultural backgrounds

Cultural Identity – The cultural identity of anb individual refers to the identity or feeling of
belonging to a group. It is considered as part of a person’s self-conception and self-perception. It
pertains to one’s nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality or any kind of
social group that has its own distinct culture. As to cultural awareness, it connotes to the ability
of a person to recognize the di!erent beliefs, values and customs that someone has based on
that individual’s origins. This allows a person to build a more successful personal and
professional relationship with others in a diverse environment. In fact, a person’s state, region or
country of origin and local customs heavily in#uence his/her cultural background.

Cultural Background – on the other hand, essentially consists of the ethnic, religious, racial,
gender, linguistic or other socioeconomic factors and values that shape an individual’s
upbringing. The cultural background can be shaped at the family, societal or organizational level.
Sociologically, people with di!erent cultural backgrounds need to interact with each other. Such
interactions lead to strong relationships that would help build diverse communities and enable
them to achieve predetermined goals. For example, in the Philippine society, it is necessary to
work effectively with people from di!erent regions or with those who speak a di!erent language
to promote economic development and other primary socio-cultural undertakings.Thus,
although it is important to learn about the cultural identities of other people and succeed in
working together, each one must primarily understand his own culture so he can appreciate
other cultures as well. Concrete understanding of one’s culture starts with recognition of the
values, customs and traditions passed down to us by our forebears or those acquired from
personal experiences while interaction in a given society. In fact, we can learn about other
people’s culture by interacting with them, by evaluating their biases towards other cultures, by
inquiring pertinent questions and by simple observations.

GENDER AND SEXUALITY

A common distinguishing factor of a person’s cultural background is gender and sexuality .

Gender refers to the personal traits and social roles of the male and female members of societ.
Sexuality is the state of being either masculine or feminine.

1. A person’s masculinity or manhood consists of a set of a-ributes, behaviors and roles generally
associated with men.

2. A person’s femininity or womanhood refers to a set of a-ributes , behaviors and roles generally
associated with women.

3. A person may experience identity crisis when he/she does not accept or understand his/her
sexuality or is unable to understand his/her status.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

Another common cultural identification factor is the level of an individual’s social standing and
0nancial position in the society. This is known as socio-economic status, a personal or family’s
financial and social esteem on the basis of income, education, and occupation. Hence, it is the
totality of a person’s social position and wealth combined.

The Socio-economic class refers to the status of every individual from the sociological and
economic points of view. Social status means a person’s standing or rank in the social ladder of
stratification based on prestige, power, popularity, etc. economic status means a person’s placein
the society’s economic stratification based on wealth, property, and total assets.

ETHINICITY

Is a condition in which a social group belongs to a common national or cultural tradition. The
adjective ethnic relates to large groups of people who have certain racial, cultural, religious, or
other traits in common. The Philippines are inhabited by di!erent ethno-linguistic groups
converted to Christianity, particularly the lowland-coastal groups, and adopted many foreign
elements of culture. Ethno-linguistic groups include the Ivatans, Ilocanos, Pangasinenses,
Kapampangans, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Visayans (Masbatenos, Hiligaynons/ilonggos, Cebuanos,
Boholanos, Warays and Surigaonons) Maranaos, Subanons and Zamboanguenos.

StuDocu(2019). Sharing of social and cultural backgroundsRetrieve November 17, 2019 from
https://www.studocu.com/en/document/our-lady-of-fatima-university/understanding-culture-
society-and-politics/lecture-notes/sharing-of-social-and-cultural-backgrounds/2574654/view

RELIGION

PDF BOOK

http://guide.swiftschools.org/sites/default/files/documents/Understanding_Culture_Part_1_.pd
f

CULTURE

As a group of people who share the same history, customs and traditions.

All that human beings learn to do, to use, to produce, to know, and to believe as they grow to
maturity and live out their lives in the social groups to which they belong.

The way of living -anthropologists

NATIONALITY

Filipinos...Chinese...Arabs...Americans...etc
ETHNIC GROUPS

ØIVATANS, IGOROTS, IBANAGS, ILOCANO, BICOLANO, KAPAMPANGAN

GENDER

ØRefers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes that a society considers
appropriate for men and women. (WHO,2013)

MALE, FEMALE, LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, QUEER AND INTERSEX (LGBTQI)

SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS

Ideas associated with being poor and rich based on collective experiences of individuals.

MAHIRAP, MEDYO MAHIRAP,SAKTO LANG, MAYAMAN (Gonzales,UCSP)

EXCEPTIONALITY/NON-EXCEPTIONALITY

People with non-average capacity : geniuses

People with disability and those physically challenge individuals

SOCIETY

The product of human interactions -sociologists

It symbolizes that group within which human beings can live a total common life.

POLITICS

arises whenever there are people living together in associations whenever they are involved in
conflicts and wherever they are subject to some kind of power, rulership or authority.

ANTHROPOLOGY

(origin) 2 Greek words:

• "anthropos" = humans

• "Logos" = word

Study of human kind whose concentration is on human and cultural evolution. (Jurmain, Nelson,
Kilgore & Trevathan, 2000)

Diversity

to understand life in a community

ARCHAEOLOGY
ancient and human population and how they adapt to their environment.

Culture Universal

pattern of similarity within the array of difference (EQUAL BUT DIFFERENT)

CULTURAL

society's culture through their belief, practices and possessions.

LINGUISTIC

language and its relation to their culture.

PHYSICAL

biological development of human and their contemporary variations.

APPLIED

solve contemporary problems thru applications of theories.

JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK

(1744-1829)

· THEORY OF INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS

· Species change was influenced by environmental change

CHARLES DARWIN

· Theory of Natural Selection "survival of the fittest"

· (Theory of Evolution)

· Transmutation, the change of one species to another.

FRANZ BOAZ

· (Father of modern American Anthropology)

· Anti-evolutionary

· HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM

HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM
- each society has a unique culture that cannot be subsumed under an overall definition of
general culture.

BRONISLAW KASPER MALINOWSKI

· Participant Observation

· Ethnography (practice of writing about people)

Participant Observation

· requires anthropologists to participate and blend with the group of life of a given group

ALFRED REGINALD RADCLIFFE-BROWN

· "Individuals are mere products of structures"

· STRUCTURAL- FUNCTIONALIST PARADIGM

SOCIOLOGY

"Socius" - society in interaction

Scientific study of human society and social interactions (Tischler, 2007).

Focus is the group not the individual.

Study forces that molds individuals, shape their behavior and determine social events.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

- social structures (institutions, social groups, social stratifications, social mobility and ethnic
groups)

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

- impact of group life to person's nature and personality

SOCIAL CHANGE AND DISORGANIZATION

- social and cultural interactions, interruptions (deviance & conflicts)

DEMOGRAPHY

- interrelationship between population with economic, political and social system

APPLIED

- solve contemporary problems

AUGUSTE COMTE

(1798-1857)

Father of Sociology

Belief: need to understand society as it was, rather what ought to be.

Positivism - path to understanding the world based on science

Used "sociology" -Greek/Latin: study of society

HARRIET MARTINEAU

(1802-1876)

Mother of Sociology

HOW TO OBSERVE MANNERS AND MORALS

Theory and practice (1837) wherein she compared the European Society to the American Society

Believed that scholars should not simply offer observations but should also use their research to
bring about social reform.

HERBERT SPENCER
(1820-1903)

1.SOCIAL DARWINISM -Survival of the fittest

a. Most ambitious, most intelligent rise to the top

2.Most of his work has been discredited

KARL MARX

(1818-1883)

The means of production/economic sector is most important in any society.

Historical change occurs through class conflict between owners and workers.

EMILE DURKHEIM

(1858-1917)

Bonds/functions hold society together (social integration)

Suicide, SOCIAL FORCES IMPACT LIVES

Society is held together by mechanical solidarity (a social moral consensus) and by organic
solidarity (a dependency of roles among people)

MAX WEBER

(1864-1920)

Verstehen or insight, Is important to understanding behavior

Religion powerful in creating in economic system

Rationality is more pervasive through development of bureaucratic structures

Sociological imagination

CHARLES WRIGHT MILLS (1959)

The relationship between individual experiences and forces in the larger society that shape our
actions.

Focuses on every aspect of society and every relationship among individuals.

Allows social actors to discern opportunities where there is none by converting their personal
troubles into public issues. (ex: winning the lottery, poor becomes rich)

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Study of the state in all its elements, aspects and relationships (Ayson-Reyes, 2000).

Study of the polis

Laswell mentioned that POLITICS is the hows, whens and wheres of getting power and influence

POWER

- the ability to make a person do what he will not do otherwise (Dahl)

territory, government, people, sovereignty

State contains...

POLITICAL THEORY

PT (POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES)

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

CP (POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES)

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

IR (POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES)

POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

PB (POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES)

PUBLIC POLICY

PP (POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PA (POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES)

ALFRED BOYER

• Politics is the interaction between civil society and the govt in the governance
MAX WEBER

• Politics is the exercise of power within the state

DAVID EASTON

• Politics is the authoritative allocation of scarce value

SOCIOLOGY

actions and interactions

POLITICAL SCIENCE

power relations

ANTHROPOLOGY

practices and traditionS

Ferrer, A. (2019). Culture, Society, Politics. Retrieved fNovember 18, 2019 from
https://quizlet.com/234739460/culture-society-politics-flash-cards/