Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko 15110071

I. 5 Website mengenai Definisi Geodesi

1. http://www-group.slac.stanford.edu/met/generalmet/Geodesy.html

ada di salah satu halamannya yang menjelaskan apa definisi geodesi, berikut
kutipannya:
“Geodesy is the discipline that deals with the measurement and
representation of the earth, including its gravity field, in a three-
dimensional time varying space. It consists of three main sub disciplines:
▪ positioning
▪ the earth’s gravity field
▪ temporal variations (in positions as well as of the gravity field)
Geodesy uses a variety of measuring techniques and systems and is
practiced by personnel that may be categorized into scientists, engineers,
technicians, and auxiliary personnel (IAG, NRC definitions; from Geodesy:
The Concepts, 1986).

Geodesy is an interdisciplinary science which uses space borne and

airborne remotely sensed, and ground-based measurements to precisely
determine position and velocity of points or objects at the surface or
orbiting the planet, within a realized terrestrial reference system, and to
apply these knowledge to a variety of scientific and engineering
applications, using mathematics, physics, astronomy, and computer
science. (Ohio State University) ”
2. http://www.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/geodesy

ini adalah sebuah situs dari sebuah universitas di Kanada yaitu University of
Calgary, di salah satu halamannya memuat definisi geodesi, berikut kutipannya:
“The Greek origin of the word geodesy means "to divide the Earth" . This
definition indicates that geodesy is historically tightly linked to mapping
and surveying. But it also reflects that geodesy touches on legal and
planning aspects.

In the late 19th century, F.R. Helmert narrowed the definition of geodesy
down to "the science of measurement and mapping of the Earth's surface".
Although this definition may seem short, it is fundamental, even to
modern geodesy.

▪ It comprises a geometrical component on any scale. Thus classical

surveying, positioning and navigation, measurement of
deformation from plate tectonics or earthquakes, sea-level
determination from satellite altimetry all fit into the framework of
geodesy. The geometrical component may be time-dependent, as
becomes clear from these examples
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▪ Since the shape of the Earth is strongly determined by its gravity

field, and since many measurement types refer to the local gravity
vector (think of levelling or putting up a theodolite) a second
important component of geodesy is the determination of the
Earth's external gravity field. Also the gravity field is a time-
dependent quantity (tides, seasonal mass redistributions, etc).
▪ The third leg of geodesy is Earth rotation (or reference frames). All
geodetic measurements have to be referenced to a coordinate
frame. Depending on the application one may consider for instance
a local frame, an Earth-fixed one or even inertial. Reference frames
and the transformations between them are also time-dependent,
for instance due to Earth rotation or polar motion.
The goal of modern geodesy is to integrate these three legs of geodesy
(geometry, gravity and Earth rotation) into a common system. With
measurement precision increasing over the years and making use of
satellite-based technologies they cannot be treated individually anymore.

From the above you see that geodesy is both a science and an engineering
discipline. As a science it belongs to the wider family of Earth sciences like
geophysics, oceanography, geology, glaciology. At the University of Calgary,
where geodesy is accomodated in the Department of Geomatics
Engineering, the engineering side is emphasized ”
3. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_geodesy/

Ini merupakan situs resmi dari U.S. Department of Commerce bagian NOAA
( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Di salah satu halamannya
memuat definisi geodesi, berikut kutipannya:
“Geodesy is the science which makes global positioning possible. Geodesy
is literally the science of measuring and monitoring the size and shape of
the Earth and the location of points on its surface. NOAA's National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) is responsible for the development and
maintenance of a national geodetic data system that is used for
navigation, communication systems, and mapping and charting.

The Global Positioning Tutorial is an overview of the history, essential

elements, and modern methods of geodesy.

The Roadmap to Resources complements the information in the tutorial,

leading you to additional information and data resources from NOAA and
other reliable resources. ”
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy

Situs ini merupakan situs yang taka sing lagi bagi kita, karena ini merupakan
ensiklopedia yang tersedia di dunia maya. Dan menurut mereka definisi geodesy
adalah:
Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko 15110071

“Geodesy ( /dʒiːˈɒdɨsi/), also named geodetics, a branch of earth

sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and
representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-
dimensional time-varying space. Geodesists also study geodynamical
phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they
design global and national control networks, using space and terrestrial
techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems. ”
5. http://www.agu.org/sections/geodesy/

ada di salah satu halamannya yang menjelaskan apa definisi geodesi, berikut
kutipannya:
“Geodesy is a branch of geophysics that studies the geometrical,
structural, and gravitational properties of the Earth, their time evolution,
and the dynamic interactions of the solid Earth with other physical
components of the Earth system (atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere,
and the core), at a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Geodesists
also study the corresponding topics for other planets in the solar system.

Observations and measurements are at the heart of geodesy.

Measurements of the static Earth aimed at understanding its size, shape,
and motion have been made for many centuries, earning geodesy the
sobriquet of “oldest Earth science.” In the last half century, space
techniques using extraterrestrial components and measurements have
revolutionized the research and applications of geodesy, hence the term
“space geodesy.” Space geodetic observations are used today to measure
global, regional, and local crustal deformation and gravity variability
associated with a wide variety of geophysical processes; to investigate
mass motions inherent in the global water cycle; to monitor atmospheric
water vapor and temperature; to study the dynamics and kinematics of
glaciers and ice sheets; and to study changes in the planet's moment of
inertia and rotation. Due to the wide application of space geodetic
observations, space geodesy has today become the most interdisciplinary
branch in all of geophysics.

AGUs Geodesy Section is proud to contribute to this heritage over the

decades, in providing services and fostering interactions among
geodesists as well as between geodesists and colleague in other
discipline ”
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II. 5 Website mengenai Geodesi Satelit

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_geodesy

Disini wiki pedia menjelaskan tentang apa definisi dari geodesi satellite dan
beberapa penjelasan lainnya seperti sejarah dan metode yang di gunakan untuk
melakukan sebuah pengamatan.

2. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/Geodesy4Layman/TR80003D.H
TM

Seperti yang telah disebut di “5 website yang mengenai definisi geodesi” yaitu
NOAA, namun pada halaman ini situs ini menjelaskan tentang geodesi satelit dan
metode observasinya.

3. http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/satellite_missions/geodetic.html

Ini merupakan situs resmi International Laser Ranging System yang di miliki
oleh salah satu institusi luar angkasa terbesar yaitu NASA, di halaman ini mereka
menjelaskan mengenai bagaimana sebuah satelit yang disebut LAser
GEOdynamics Satellite (LAGEOS) bisa membantu sebuah pengamatan geodetic.

4. http://topex.ucsd.edu/

Ini merupakan situs resmi dari Scripps Institution of Oceanography,

University of California, San Diego. Disni mereka menggunakan geodesi stelit
untuk mengamati bathimetri dari luar angkasa dengan menggunaka satelit atau
radar altimetry.

5. http://www.ga.gov.au/earth-monitoring/geodesy/geodetic-
techniques/satellite-laser-ranging-slr.html

Situs resmi dari Australian Government yang menjelaskan mengenai

Geoscience Australia ini mencoba memberikan kepada kita mengenai satelit
laser ranging yang bisa digunakan untuk kepentingan geodetic dalam upayanya
melakukan pemetaan topografi.

II. 10 Website mengenai Aplikasi Geodesi Satelit

1. http://geodesy.gd.itb.ac.id/?p=601

disnini dijelaskan beberapa aplikasi geodesi satelit. Contoh beberapa aplikasi

geodesi satelit diantaranya untuk bidang aplikasi geodesi global (penentuan
parameter-parameter orientasi Bumi,penentuan model dari Bumi, termasuk
dimensi dari ellipsoid referensi nya,penentuan model medan gaya berat Bumi,
Adi Suryo Priyo Jatmiko 15110071

termasuk geoid globalnya,studi-studi geodinamika,pengadaan kerangka referensi

global, dan Unifikasi datum-datum geodesi (termasuk datum regional, datum
nasional, dan datum lokal)), studi geodinamika (pengadaan jaringan pemantau
untuk mempelajari pergerakan lempeng (plate/crustal motions) ataupun sistem
sesar (fault system),penentuan parameter-parameter pergerakan kutub (polar
motion) dan rotasi bumi (earth rotation), dan penentuan parameter-parameter
dari pasang surut bumi)

2. http://geodesi-satelit.blogspot.com/2009_10_01_archive.html

isi mengenai aplikasi geodesi satelit di web ini tak jauh berebeda atau bahkan
sama dengan yang nomer 1 diatas.

3. http://lib.ugm.ac.id/digitasi/upload/923_D5.pdf

ini merupan link yang dihubungkan menuju sebuah file pdf milik UGM. Mereka
menjelaskan Aplikasi tersebut berupa survei pemetaan, pengelolaan sumber
daya alam, batas wilayah, pertanahan, dan pemodelan Bumi. Alos sangat
bermanfaat dalam penelitian dan pengembangan Teknik Geodesi dan Geomatika
di Indonesia terutama pada pencapaian invensi dan inovasi.

4. http://anjalpratama.wordpress.com/2010/08/16/geodesi-satelit/

situs ini menjelaskan bahwa aplikasi satelit di bidang geodesi yaitu geodesi
satelit bisa diaplikasikan selain di bidang geodesi, teknologi satelit juga
diaplikasikan di bidang komunikasi, iklim dan cuaca, inderaja, dsb.

5. http://beageol.blogspot.com/2011/12/satelit-altimetri-dan-
pemanfaatannya.html

sebenarnya ini merupaka situs yang menjelaskan satelit altimetry, namun yang
merupakan salah satu dari satelit geodesi yang kita kenal, pengaplikasiannya
bisa bermacam macam, yaitu:
 Penentuan tinggi dan panjang gelombang
 Penentuan topografi permukaan laut
 Penentuan geoid di wilayah lautan
 Penentuan karakteristik arus
 Pengamatan pasang surut
 Studi fenomena el nino
 Pengamatan karakteristik arus
 Dan lain lain