KU1101

Pengantar Rekayasa dan Desain I

Combustion Engine
 Expected output for the 7th week
 Students understand how combustion engine works
 Students understand the engineering aspect in developing
combustion engine.
 How to produce in large scale ?
 Needs product consistency
 Needs continuous high power movers
Mechanization
 Industrial Revolution (1760 – 1840)
 Industry : the process of making products by using
machinery and factories (Merriam-Webster dictionary)
 How to Produce in large scale ???
 Hand production to machines
 Chemical manufacturing
 Iron production
 Steam power
 Machine tools

Spinning mule
Steam Engine
 External Combustion Engine(ECE) –
 working fluid separated from combustion product
 Mainly as Stationary steam engine
 Development
 1698 : Thomas Savery steam powered Savery engine
water pump,
 1712 : Newcomen steam engine ->
pumping

 1778 : James Watt : two condenser,

conversion to rotation motion
 James Watt engine patented in 1781 : 10hp
Newcomen atmospheric engin
Steam Engine
 James Watt (1736-1819)

 Innovation
 Double condenser
 Pressure regulator device
 Concept of horsepower and the SI unit of power
Otto Cycle – Internal combustion engine
 Developed in the 1860s by a French engineer named Alphonse
Eugene Beau de Rochas and then independently reinvented by a
German engineer named Nikolaus Otto in 1876
 The Otto cycle is constructed out of:
 Top and bottom of the loop: a pair of quasi-
parallel adiabatic processes
 Left and right sides of the loop: a pair of
parallel isochoric processes
 Work = area inside the curve
Otto Cycle
Diesel Engine
 Rudolf Diesel, (1858-1913)
 High compression ratio
 Ignition : adding fuel at high pressure (No electric plug)
 Lower octane fuel
 Patented in 1893 , First successful engine : 1897
Diesel Engine
 Otto vs Diesel Engine

Otto engine Diesel engine

Compression ratio 8-9 : 1 20 : 1
Ignition Electric plug Fuel injector
fuel gasoline Diesel fuel (solar)
Engine weight - Heavier
Efficiency (typical) 30% 45%
rpm Lower
Torque Higher
 Otto or Diesel Engine ????
 Two Stroke Engine
 1881 : First commercial patented by Dugald Clerk (Scottish
engineer)
 High power to weight ratio (in specific rpm range)
 Compact, less moving part
Two Stroke Engine
More efficient energy use
 Vehicle efficiency
 Reduced weight
 Reduced friction
 etc
 Alternative fuel