TEL280 Ingeniería

Inalámbrica
Sessions 8-10: Multiple Access

Cesar A. Santiváñez, Ph.D.

csantivanez@pucp. pe
 Outline
•  Multiaccess Techniques:
•  Contention free: TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA
•  Contention based: CDMA, CSMA
•  Contention based Multiple Access
•  Slotted ALOHA
•  Unslotted ALOHA
•  CSMA (persistent, p-persistent, non-persistent)
•  CSMA/CD
•  CSMA/CA
•  CSMA/CA + MACAW
References (Eytan Modiano, MIT) : http://web.mit.edu/modiano/www/6.263/lec10.pdf
http://web.mit.edu/modiano/www/6.263/L12.pdf

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Multiple Access
Techniques

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Duplexing
Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)
•  Use different bands for Xmit and Rcv.
•  Self-interference requires good filters and non-
negligible band separation.
•  BW inefficient
•  Not MIMO friendly
•  Not flexible to traffic


Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
•  Xmit and Rcv alternate during short intervals,
such that end users (e.g. voice users) perceive
continuous communication, not half duplex.
•  Requires time synchronization and guard
bands.
•  Traffic elasticity
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Multiple Access Techniques
•  TDMA

•  FDMA

•  OFDMA Contenti
on
Free
Contenti
•  CDMA on
Based

•  CSMA

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Contention-Based Multiple
Access

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 Slotted ALOHA, all nodes backlogged
Throughput of Slotted Aloha, all nodes backlogged
Throughput of Slotted ALOHA without backlog
0.5

•  Several transmitters 0.45

N=2
N=3
N=4

(finite), one N=5

N=6

receiver.
0.4 N=7
N=8
N=9
0.35 N=10

0.3
•  Transmitter con not
Throughput

hear each other,

0.25

immediate 0.2

feedback, fixed 0.15

packet size, etc. 0.1

0.05

•  Each backlogged 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

node xmits w.p. qr. Np

Nqr
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 ALOHA with “backlog”
•  Several transmitters, one receiver.
•  Transmitters can not hear each other,
immediate feedback, fixed packet
size, etc.
Slotted
•  After a collision, nodes join the
“backlog”
•  Retransmit w.p. qr (< λ = arrival rate)
•  G = λ + qr nQ
Pure
•  Eytan Modiano’s Aloha slides:
•  Slotted ALOHA
•  SYNC required
•  slides 5-7,9-14
•  Unslotted (pure) ALOHA
•  No SYNC assumed
•  slides: 15-19 What happens if
packet size is not fixed, or it is miscalculated??
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 Slotted vs Unslotted
•  Introducing an structure reduces the probability of collision:
•  Vulnerable “surface” reduced by half

•  Slotted requires SYNC, or at least deltas in sync to be small with

respect to timeslot.
•  Slotted in sensitive to errors in (fixed) timeslot duration setting (e.g.
variable packet length, variable propagation delay, etc.)

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