KINEMATICS:

MOTION IN 2D –
PROJECTILE MOTION
LESSON 7
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1) Describe motion using the concept of
relative velocities in 1D and 2D.
2) Deduce the consequences of the
independence of vertical and horizontal
components of projectile motion.
3) Calculate range, time of flight, and
maximum heights of projectiles.
One Dimensional Motion –
describes motion in a straight line
Two Dimensional Motion –
describes,
Motion in a Curved Path
(Circular Motion and Projectile
Motion)
Two Dimensional Vectors
In a basketball game…
Illustration of Isay’s instructions to Kiko in
shooting the ball…
PROJECTILE MOTION
 Projectile motion is the motion of a body following a
curved path.
 An object in projectile motion is called a projectile.
 The path that the projectile follows is called the
trajectory.
 The peak of the trajectory is the highest point that
the projectile could reach during its motion.
 The horizontal displacement of the projectile is
called its range.
Projectile motion of a kid shooting with
a slingshot…
PROJECTILE MOTION
There are 2 types of projectile motion:
1) Full-projectile motion – happens
when the projectile starts at a point
before the peak.
2) Half-projectile motion – happens
when the projectile is thrown from the
peak of the trajectory.
Conceptual notions about projectiles:
 A projectile is any object upon which the only force is gravity.
 Projectiles travel with a parabolic trajectory due to the influence
of gravity.
 There are no horizontal forces acting upon projectiles and thus no
horizontal acceleration.
 The horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant (a never
changing in value).
 There is a vertical acceleration caused by gravity; its value is 9.8
m/s/s, down.
 The vertical velocity of a projectile changes by 9.8 m/s each
second.
 The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent of its vertical
motion.
Example 1: (Half-projectile motion) A person is
diving off a cliff which is 30 m high, with an initial
velocity of 5 m/s. Determine the distance the
person go horizontally before striking the water.
Kinematic Equations for 2D:
Example 2: (Half-projectile motion)
A ball is thrown horizontally from
the rooftop of a 150 m high
building. If the ball landed 17.5 m
from the base of the building, what
is the initial velocity of the ball?
Full-Projectile Motion
Velocity along
the horizontal:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑖

Velocity along
the vertical:
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑖
Full-Projectile Motion Equations:
 Maximum height of projectile:
(𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑖 )2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔
 Total time of flight:
(𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑖 )
𝑇= 2
𝑔
 Range: Maximum range (if the angle is 45°)
𝑣𝑖 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃𝑖 𝑣𝑖 2
𝑅= 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑔
Example 3: (Full-projectile
motion)
A trench mortar fires a shell at
an angle of 30° with the
horizontal and with a velocity
of 400 m/s. Find its range and
the maximum height it attains.
Example 4: (Full-projectile motion)
A cannonball is fired at an angle 30° from
the horizontal with an initial velocity of
15.0 m/s. Calculate
a. The maximum height that the
cannonball can reach.
b. The total time of flight.
c. The cannonball’s horizontal
displacement.
Group Task:
Group 1 & 5: A projectile starting
from ground hits a target on the
ground located at a distance of
1000 meters after 40 seconds.
a) What is the size of the angle θ?
b) At what initial velocity was the
projectile launched?
Group Task:
Group 2 and 4: A ball is thrown
horizontally at 20 m/s, It is thrown from
the top of a tower 50 m high.
a) How long does it take to reach the
bottom of the tower?
b) How far from the base of the tower
does the ball strike the ground?
Group Task:
Group 3: An object is launched at a
velocity of 20 m/s in a direction making an
angle of 25° upward with the horizontal.
a) What is the maximum height reached by
the object?
b) What is the total flight time of the
object?
c) What is the horizontal range of the
object?