Guideline For Waste Treatment/Recycling by Commodity

Guideline for Waste Treatment/Recycling by Commodity
Dec. 17, 2001

Waste Recycling Subcommittee
Industrial Structure Council
Name of item Revised Guideline (draft)
Note: The underlined is newly revised part in this draft.
1. Paper 1. Promotion of used paper recycling
(1) Purpose: "Recycle 60 purpose"
To promote used paper recycling systematically as a special item to be
recycled stipulated in Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of
Resources based on the "Action Plan for Promoting Used Paper Recy-
cling" (established in Dec. 2000), and to achieve 60% of the used paper
recycling rate in the paper/pulp manufacture industry by 2005.
(57.3% in 2000.)
(2) Promotion of used paper recycling
The used paper recycling rate shall be increased in each paper product
field, in particular, in the printing and information paper field where the
quantity of used paper recycled was conventionally small. (The paper
production in this field is 37%, and used paper recycling rate is 22%.)
To do so, each company shall introduce the used paper recycling facil-
ity positively.
(3) Promotion of using recycled paper
i) By the activities by Used Paper Recycling Promotion Center, the
awareness of importance of purchasing products using recycled
paper (e.g. hygiene paper such as toilet paper, notebooks, recycled
copy paper, etc.) shall be spread and enlightened among the nation.
Also, indication of use of recycled paper and recycled paper using
rate on products shall be promoted by each maker. At the same
time, in 2001 Used Paper Recycling Promotion Center shall con-
duct detailed discussions about Green Mark System including how
to promote recycling after seedling-distribution project, taking into
account the opinions of people concerned.
ii) Based on Green Purchase Law and proposals by Energy/Resources
Saving Measures Promotion Meeting, central governmental agen-
cies shall increase the use of recycled paper. Also in accordance
with "Action Plan for Promoting Used Paper Recycling", the use of
recycled paper by paper-using companies shall be promoted.
(4) Expanding the used paper application field
Based on the report prepared by "Used Paper Recycling Promotion In-
vestigative Commission" (Dec. 2000), technology development and
provision of facilities for widening the used paper application field
shall be promoted from the viewpoint of promotion of recycling low-
class used paper.
2. Promotion of used paper collection

(1) Promotion of used paper collection at offices
Collection of increasing used papers discharged from offices shall be
promoted.
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i) Manual for Collecting Used Paper at Offices shall be delivered to
private companies for popularization and enlightening effects of
the collection of used paper (by holding seminars, etc.)
ii) Establishment of a recycling system in which a group of a plural
number of companies collect and recycle used paper effectively
and jointly by using existing private recycle system shall be pro-
moted.
(2) Promotion of used paper collection at home by group collection, etc.

i) Collection of used paper at home shall also be promoted.
ii) The group collection suggested by Used Paper Recycling Promoti-
on Center shall be popularized among the nation for enlightening
effect (by holding seminars, etc.)
3. Promotion of paper container and package recycling

(1) Paper containers for drinks (paper cartons)
i) Based on the report (May 2000) prepared by "Study Meeting for
Promotion of Recycling Paper Containers for Drinks", collection
of paper containers for drinks shall be promoted and at the same
time technologies for manufacturing easily recyclable products
shall be promoted. At the same time, National Milk Carton Envi-
ronmental Council shall prepare an action program for collecting
milk cartons to improve the recycling ratio during 2001. (25.1%
in 1998)
ii) To promote recycling of paper containers for drinks, model pro-
jects for separated collection and recycling shall be inaugurated,
based on which a guide for separated collection shall be prepared
and delivered to local governments.
(2) Other paper containers and packages

i) According to Containers and Packages Recycling Law, paper con-
tainers for drinks and packages other than cardboard boxes have
been recommercialized since 2000. To widen the scope of appli-
cation except for as material for reproducing paper, technologies to
find new usage shall be developed, related facilities built and the
market to cover such new usage created.
ii) A survey on the local governments dealing with collection of paper
containers and packages and the companies recommercializing
them shall be conducted. Based on the result of the survey as
well as the achievement of the model separated collection projects,
useful information shall be shared by all organizations concerned
toward improvement of separated collection of paper containers
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and packages and promotion of building recycling facilities.
iii) By using the "Paper Container and Package Recycling Promotion
Council", recycling of paper boxes, etc. shall be promoted.
(3) Indication
i) Given that paper containers and packages are a material designated
by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the
indication of the identification mark on them shall be ensured.
ii) Indication of the identification mark on paper packages, cardboard
boxes, etc. shall be promoted as a voluntary activity, and if neces-
sary, it shall be enshrined into law, depending on the progress in
the future.
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2. Glass bottles 1. Promotion of recycling
(1) Improvement of glass bottle cullet using rate
i) Target
As a special recycling category specified in Law for Promotion of
Effective Utilization of Resources, improvement of glass bottle
cullet using rate shall be promoted systematically and the target
rate of 65% shall be achieved in 2001 and 80% in 2005.
(77.8% in 2000)
ii) Introduction and popularization of foreign matter removing devices
shall be promoted.
iii) Technological development for glass bottles conducive to recycling
shall be promoted.
iv) Use of ecology bottles using cullet 100% shall be promoted.
(2) Development and promotion of new application fields of cullet

i) New application fields of cullet such as tiles, artificial lightweight
aggregate, paving aggregate, etc. other than glass bottles shall be
developed, the market to cover such new application fields created
and cullet supply capability improved.
ii) Studies shall be made on how to increase the demand in the public
sector.
(3) Cullet quality improvement

i) Local governments shall be requested to improve the separated
collection of glass bottles (cullet).
ii) Consumers shall be requested for cooperation to improve separated
collection of glass bottles (cullet).
2. Promotion of reducing and reusing

i) Development and spreading lightweight bottles shall be promoted.
ii) To promote returnable bottles, a unified standard shall be worked
out and recycling target for reusing (returnable) set up.
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3. Steel cans I. Promotion of recycling and reducing
1. Target value
Target: 85% or more of recycling rate of steel cans
(84.2% in 2000)
To set up a proper recycling rate, a national standard for proper recycling

rate calculation method shall be worked out by taking various statistics into
account.
2. Promotion of reducing and recycling measures

From the viewpoint of rational and effective usage of resources, total recy-
cling shall be promoted and products shall be thinner-walled and lighter-
weighted.
3. Various application fields of steel-making material

A wide range of application fields of steel cans shall be studied by utilizing
the characteristics of steel cans: namely they can be used as a material for
steel products at about 80 blast furnace makers, electric furnace makers,
cast metal makers scattering nationwide.
4. Promotion of recycling measures in alignment with Containers and Pack-

ages Recycling Law
In accordance with Containers and Packages Recycling Law, Steel Can Re-
cycling Association shall proceed with the following measures in order to
ensure the smooth transaction and recycling of steel containers satisfying
the standard for separated collection and storage facility.
(1) To continuously grasp the fact to prove the situation in which steel
containers are traded commercially and autonomously
(2) To continue consultation and enlightening activity supporting projects
voluntarily in order to promote separated collection by local govern-
ments so that this system can function effectively
Contents of enlightening activities
• Support of recycling fair and provision of posters, panels, pam-
phlets, etc.
• Provision of objects to exhibit in recycle centers
• Provision of videos and CD-ROMs.
(3) If there is a report mentioning the possibility of the so-called inverse
onerous trading, the industry shall take proper actions in each stage.
• 1st stage: Investigating the grounds for such possibility and advising
local governments to improve such situation
• 2nd stage: Providing local governments with information related to
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companies or steel makers which accept steel cans free of charge or
at expense
• 3rd stage: If above-mentioned measures in each stage end up in fail-
ure and local governments express their intention to improve the
situation of inverse onerous trading, acceptance free of charge by
container material makers or their outsourcing processing compani-
es shall be studied.
Such measures shall be taken in cooperation with organizations related to
steel containers and packages in general.
II. Future activities

To establish a "Three-in-One social system" or "a system for separated dis-
charge by consumers, separated collection by local governments and recy-
cling by steel makers", which has been promoted by Steel Can Recycling
Association in alignment with Containers and Packages Recycling Law, re-
cycling activities shall be improved with the three pillars of recycling
measures, beautification measures and enlightening measures.
1. Recycling measures
(1) To continue consultation and enlightening activities for separated col-
lection by local governments
(2) To promote industrial recycling
• To study on an industrial resource system at workshops to be held
jointly with local governments
(3) To support recycling symposium
• To be held twice a year
(4) To revise the recycling manual
• To set up the method and measures for promoting selective collec-
tion
(5) To continue consultation by the steel can recycle consultation bureau
2. Beautification measures
Taking the result of "Survey on the measures to prevent cans from scatter-
ing in the city" into consideration, the following actions shall be taken.
(1) To hold environmental education symposiums
• To nurture beautification leaders
(2) Activities to support beautification volunteer groups
(3) To execute enlightening activities such as joint beautification campaign
• To execute campaigns to prevent trash throwing in tourist areas na-
tionwide
3. Popularization and enlightening measures
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(1) Popularization and enlightenment of recycling among consumers, com-
panies and governmental agencies
• Utilization of newspaper, magazines, etc.
• Distribution of videos and CD-ROMs related to environmental edu-
cation
• Execution of inspection tour of recycling resource
• Cooperation in recycle fair, etc. held by local governments and pro-
vision of materials such as pamphlets, etc.
(2) Continuation of activities to raise the awareness of the mass media
(3) Preparation of annual report
• Provision of information on the association's activities and current
situation of steel can recycling
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4. Aluminum 1. Promotion of recycling
cans, etc. (1) Purpose
To raise the recycling rate of aluminum cans to 80% in 2002 (80.6% in
2000)
To set up a proper recycling rate, a national standard for proper recy-
cling rate calculation method shall be worked out by taking various
statistics into account. The new target rate for 2002 and after shall be
set up by the mid 2001.
(2) Reducing and recycling measures

For efficient recycling, it is necessary to collect a large quantity of alu-
minum cans without other wastes mixed, thus more collection routes
shall be developed.
i) Maintenance and development of collection routes
a. Cooperation with local governments in promotion of separated
collection
b. To supplement local governments' separate collection, group
collection and school collection shall be supported and the
number of collection bases increased.
c. Cooperation in industrial collection
d. Execution and verification of model projects
e. Consultation on establishment of recycle systems
f. Reporting the result of survey on collection and recycling
aluminum cans of the previous year
ii) Promotion of thinner-walled and light-weight products
From the viewpoint of rational usage of resources, production of
thinner-walled and light-weighted products shall be promoted.
iii) Promotion of advertisement, enlightening activities (including
measures against scattering cans)
a. Holding seminars
b. Preparation of posters and pamphlets
c. Lending environmental educational videos titled "Resource
Wastes to be Recycled"
d. Giving award to excellent organizations and schools
2. Promotion of "Can-to-Can" recycling

To avoid the situation where recycling is stopped by an excessive increase
in collected cans, "Can-to-Can" recycling shall be promoted.
Purpose: The using rate as can material shall be raised to 80% in 2001.
(74.5% in 2000)
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3. Collection of aluminum containers and packages
In accordance with "Separate Collection of Containers and Packages and
Promotion of Recommercialization Law" (Containers and Packages Recy-
cling Law), Aluminum Can Recycling Association shall accept aluminum
containers and packages satisfying the separation standard and the storage
facility setup standard free of charge or at expense in cooperation with re-
lated industries from the viewpoint of the secure and smooth acceptance
system arrangement. To increase the quantity collected, efforts shall be
made to collect more from those industries with low collection rates in par-
ticular.
4. Recycling of aluminum containers and packages other than cans

Recycling aluminum caps and tubes shall be promoted, which are subject to
Recycling Law for Aluminum Containers and Packages except aluminum
cans.
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5. Plastics 1 Promotion of recycling
For plastic wastes that can be used as raw material, the following measures
such as development of technology for recommercialization and advertising
activities, etc. shall be taken to promote recycling.
(1) Plastic bottles for drinks and soy source (including alcohol)
Target: Provided that local governments' separate collection is promot-
ed systematically, the recycling rate shall be 50% min. by 2004.
(22.8% in 1999)
i) To promote maintenance of recommercialization facilities
ii) To develop new application fields of recycled plastic bottles
iii) To provide local governments with useful information to support
local governments' separated collection and improve the collection
rate
iv) To promote manufacture of easily-recyclable plastic bottles (by
using single material for bottles, stopping manufacture of colored
bottles, etc.)
v) To realize monomer recycling toward "bottle-to-bottle" recycling
vi) To work out a system to allow the collection of data necessary for
recycling-related statistics for industrial wastes including plastic
bottles
(2) Fish boxes and packing material for electrical appliances made by foam
polystyrene
Target: To achieve the recycling rate of 40% min. by 2005.
(34.9% in 2000)
i) To promote introduction of vitrification facilities into the main
markets (for fix boxes)
ii) To expand and increase the recycling bases (Epsi Plaza)
iii To enrich the collection system
iv) To expand the scope of application of recycled products
(3) Food trays made by foam polystyrene

i) To popularize and promote high-performance volume-reduction
machines
ii) To popularize and enlighten such trays for expanding the scope of
application of recycled products
iii) To study how to support self-collection activities by super markets,
discount shops, etc. in order to ensure the smooth supply of "white
foam polystyrene trays" (which are suitable for material recycling)
toward promote material (tray-to-tray) recycling, and at the same
time, to enlighten consumers to increase their demands
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iv) To do advertising and enlightening activities for consumers and lo-
cal governments and make efforts for separated collection of
"white foam polystyrene food trays" which are suitable to material
recycling
(4) Vinyl chloride

i) As for vinyl chloride for agricultural use, the scope of application
of recycled resin shall be expanded and a system for maintenance
of bases established. Through this, the target-recycling rate of
60% shall be achieved in 2001. (51% in 1999)
ii) As for vinyl chloride tubes and joints, intermediate acceptance
places shall be provided in each prefecture nationwide to achieve
the target recycling rate of 80% by 2005 while observing the
economical efficiency. At the same time the member makers of
Vinyl Chloride Tubes/Joints Association shall promote the sales of
recycled products.
iii) Vinyl Chloride Engineering and Environmental Association shall
act for popularization and enlightening effect of recycling.
2. Promotion of chemical recycling

To expand the possibility of recycling of chemicals as a material and diver-
sify the recommercialization methods, measures such as tuning plastics into
material and oil, gasification, blast furnace reduction and coke oven mate-
rial, etc. shall be promoted.
3. Promotion of energy collection and utilization

If it is difficult to recycle plastics to use as material, it shall be used as en-
ergy.
(1) To promote the collection and recycling of the energy using fuel made
by waste plastics (waste plastic solid fuel, etc.), introduction of faciliti-
es and equipment to use waste plastic solid fuel shall be promoted
through public support and multidisciplinary cooperation and provision
of information.
(2) To make a survey for domestic and overseas present conditions of
changing waste plastics to fuel, energy collection utilization and evalu-
ate them in terms of LCA.
4. Reduction of waste plastics

(1) Developing shall reduce packing materials new packing materials and
processing technology.
(2) Plastic Container Package Recycle Promotion Association shall pro-
mote advertisement and popularization of recycling in accordance with
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Containers and Packages Recycling Law.
(3) Given that "other plastic containers and packages" (those other than
plastic bottles) are designated as a product specified by Law for Pro-
motion of Effective Utilization of Resources, it shall be ensured to in-
dicate the certification mark and material on plastic containers and
packages other than bottles.
(4) Makers shall reduce product containers and packages by promoting
production of refill products of cosmetics and agents.
5. Tie-up with product assembly and processing industries

To spread material recycling of plastics, a framework to promote the tie-up
among assembly and processed product makers, plastics molding industries,
and plastic material manufacturers shall be established. Also how to re-
duce the grade numbers for each processing and assembly product shall be
studied.
Application of reproduced plastic for the items specified by Green Purchase
Law, indication of the material on products and material recycling shall be
promoted through cooperation with assembly and processing product mak-
ers.
6. Others
(1) Development and use of biodegradable plastics
Developing, popularizing and spreading biodegradable plastics (which
are decomposed by microbes and can reduce the burden on natural en-
vironment) shall be promoted. Especially, in agriculture and food
fields, model projects shall be realized and the demand for recycling of
organic wastes shall be satisfied.
(2) Development of FRP recycling technology

Technologies to use FRP products for cement material and fuels shall
be developed and the possibility for practical operation shall be veri-
fied.
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6. Automobiles 1. Cooperation toward automobile recycling systematization
Those who are related to automobile recycling such as auto makers, auto
part makers, automobile body makers, dealers, garages, automobile wreck-
ers, shredder operators, etc. shall cooperate toward establishment of auto-
mobile recycling system.
2. Improvement of recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances

Auto makers, auto part makers, automobile body makers, automobile
wreckers, shredder operators, material dealers, etc. shall work out a con-
crete method to improve the auto recycling rate by doing their own roles
and in cooperation with each other, if necessary. (See "Disused automo-
bile recycling target, etc." prepared in Oct. 1996 by Disused-Automobile
Disposal and Recycling Subcommittee.)
To achieve the following targets, necessary technologies shall be developed
in cooperation with other industries.
(1) The target recycle rate for new models of 2002 and after shall be 90%
or more.
The quantity of lead used for new models (excluding batteries) shall be
reduced to one third of that of 1996 by the end of 2005.
(All the 48 models brought into the market in 1999 achieved the target
at the end of 2000.)
(2) The target-recycling rate of used automobiles in 2002 and after shall be
85% or more.
The target-recycling rate of used automobiles from 2015 on shall be
95% or more.
Note: Auto wreckers shall remove batteries, copper radiators, battery
cable terminals, lead wheel balancers and terneplate fuel tanks.
(3) Concrete method and target to reduce the use of cadmium, sexivalent
chrome and mercury shall be studied.
3. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-

ture stages
Given that the automobile is designated as a resource-saving product and a
product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Re-
sources, the following measures shall be taken.
(1) From the viewpoint of waste reducing design, attention must be paid to
commonly-usable parts, recycling in the design stage, easily-reusable
design, resource-saving design and other possibilities for reducing
wastes.
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(2) Measures shall be taken to promote the use of reusable parts and use of
recycled parts as repair parts. Also, efforts shall be made to use the
long-life designed parts.
(3) Companies shall disclose information on reducing, reusing and recy-
cling unless such information may damage their competitive positions.
(4) The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the
measures taken in the design stage shall be studied and it shall be
regularly announced to the public from 2001 on.
4. Tie-up among material industry, part makers and automobile makers shall
be promoted toward recycling of plastic parts such as bumpers
(1) Automobile makers shall collect and recycle their own bumpers in the
repair stage.
(2) Collection and recycling of various makers' bumpers shall be studied
and promoted.
(3) Efforts shall be made to reuse bumpers and other products.
(4) Based on the result of researches made with the chemical industry,
plastic recycling including material recycling for automobile parts shall
be promoted.
5. Waste oil, liquid, batteries, etc. shall be treated properly by those who are
concerned such as auto makers, sellers, garages, automobile wreckers, etc
in their own roles to reuse and recycle them.
As for chlorofluorocarbon, necessary infrastructure shall be maintained and
enlightening education shall be given to related companies toward the en-
forcement of "Law on Collection of Chlorofluorocarbon of Special Pro-
ducts and Their Destruction".
(1) Increase of the number of chlorofluorocarbon collecting companies
registered at Recycle Promotion Center
(2) Maintenance and expansion of distribution routes to destroy chloro-
fluorocarbon collected
Moreover, as for combustible wastes which are difficult to recycle such as
used plastics, etc., material recycling shall be promoted and reduction in
weight of wastes by thermal treatment and collection of energy shall be
promoted.
6. Promotion of use of reused parts

(1) Auto makers and auto part makers shall provide customers with as
much information on products as possible and take measures for pro-
moting the use of reused parts.
(2) More reused parts shall be used for repair covered by insurance.
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7. Measures in collection stage
(1) Measures against illegally abandoned automobiles
The system in which the auto industry shall cooperate local govern-
ments in collection and disposal of illegally abandoned automobiles
shall be strengthened.
(2) Measures shall be taken for automobile collection through selling

routes, proper disposal, recycling, acceptance of disused automobiles
by the dealer and at the same time proper disposal and recycling by
manifest shall be ensured.
(3) Measures against shredder dust

Measures shall be taken for separation and safety of shredder dust d
and necessary technologies shall be developed for separation and recy-
cling of shredder dust in cooperation with the industries related.
8. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities for preventing ille-

gal automobile abandonment
(1) Consultation service for disposal shall be provided (by dealers.)
(2) Preparation and distribution of posters and pamphlets
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7. Motorbikes 1. Preparation of self-action program related to motorcycle recycling
Given that the systematization of automobile collection is studied, method
to collect motorbikes at expense, motorcycle control system, collection and
disposal system, measures against illegal motorcycle abandonment, reduc-
tion of harmful substances, etc. shall be studied and the related industries
shall prepare self-action programs.
2. Improvement of recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances

Auto makers, auto part makers, automobile body makers, automobile
wreckers, shredder operators, material dealers, etc. shall work out concrete
method to improve the recycling rate by doing their own roles and in coop-
eration with each other, if necessary. (See "Disused automobile recycling
target, etc." made in Oct. 1996 by Disused-Automobile Disposal and Recy-
cling Subcommittee.)
To achieve the following target, necessary technologies shall be developed
in cooperation with other industries.
(1) The target recycle rate for new models of 2002 and after shall be 90%
or more.
The quantity of lead used for new models (excluding batteries) shall
not exceed that of 1996 (about 80g per motorcycle 210kg in weight).
(2) The target recycling rate of used motorbikes from 2002 on shall be
85% or more.
The target recycling rate of used motorbikes from 2015 on shall be
95% or more.
Note: Dealers, garages and wreckers shall remove batteries and lead
wheel balancers.
3. Considerations for reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-

ture stages
Given that the motorcycle is designated as a resource-saving product and a
product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Re-
(1) From the viewpoint of waste reducing design, attention must be paid to
commonly-usable parts, recycling in the design stage, easily-reusable
design, resource-saving design and other possibilities for reducing
wastes.
(2) Measures shall be taken to promote the use of reusable parts and use of
recycled parts as repair parts. Also, efforts shall be made to use the
long-life designed parts.
(3) Companies shall disclose information on reducing, reusing and recy-
cling unless such information may damage their competitive positions.
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measures taken in the design stage shall be studied and it shall be
regularly announced to the public from 2001 on.
4. Promotion of tie-up among material industry, part makers and automobile

makers toward recycling of plastic parts
(1) Promotion of recycling measures for plastic parts
(2) Improvement of recycling rate by tie-up with material makers, etc.
(3) Based on the result of researches made with the chemical industry,
plastic recycling including material recycling shall be promoted.
5. Measures in collection stage

(1) Measures against illegally abandoned motorbikes
The system in which the auto industry shall cooperate local govern-
ments in collection and disposal of illegally abandoned motorbikes
shall be strengthened.
(2) Measures shall be taken for used motorcycle collection through selling
routes, proper disposal, recycling, acceptance of disused automobiles
by the dealer and at the same time proper disposal and recycling by
manifest shall be ensured.

Measures shall be taken for separation and safety of shredder dust and
necessary technologies shall be developed for separation and recycling
of shredder dust in cooperation with the industries related.
6. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities to prevent illegal

motorcycle abandoned
(1) Consultation service for disposal shall be provided (by dealers).
(2) Preparation and distribution of posters and pamphlets
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8. Tires Taking into account the automobile recycling, legalization of which is being
studied now to aim at more strong recycling system, the following measures
shall be taken to strengthen and promote recycling of tires also.
1. Scrap tire collection and disposal routes
To support local governments in proper disposal of scrap tires, necessary
system shall be maintained and promoted.
As for illegally abandoned tires scattering in the field, measures for pro-
moting proper disposal shall be taken by enforcing the new standard for il-
legal waste dumping approval prepared by Ministry of Environment.
To reduce the unknown quantity of the scrap tires, manifest system to cover
all the scrap tires shall be realized and collection routes shall be completely
secured..
2. Promotion of recycling and reusing

(1) Improvement of tire recycling rate
To promote the scrap tire recycling, use of scrap tires for cement burn-
ing and for the iron and steel industries shall be increased. At the
same time, the present recycling rate of 88% (2000) shall be increased
to 90% by 2005 by making efforts to supply to thermal-use, new appli-
cation fields.
(2) Increase of demand for retreaded tires

To increase the demand for retreaded tires and promote recycling,
cross-the-board studies shall be done by organizations related from the
viewpoints of technology, safety and economy.
(3) Promotion of material recycling

To promote scrap tire recycling, the following technological develop-
ment shall be continued to set up the target figure of material recycling.
i) Use of rubber powder
ii) Use of recycled rubber
iii) Use of chemical decomposition products
Technological development shall be promoted to increase the use
of the above-mentioned products (tire-to-tire use and use as pavior
of the road in the future).
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9. Bicycles 1. Considerations on reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-
ture stages
Considering the revision of the bicycle assessment manual and Law for
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, efforts shall be made to
reducing, reusing and recycling designs. Also use of long-life designed
parts shall be increased.
Given that the electric-assist bicycle is designated as a product to be recy-

cled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the intro-
duction of the structure which allows to remove the secondary battery easily
and use of secondary battery shall be indicated on products. Also measur-
es taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be announced to the
public, and the design for reducing, reusing and recycling of the whole bi-
cycles shall be studied.
2. Recycling target setting

To promote recycling, the target recycling rate shall be set in 2001. Also,
target reusing rate shall be studied.
3. Promotion of collection and disposal of used bicycles and illegally aban-

doned bicycles in cooperation with bicycle dealers, local governments, etc.
Acceptance of bicycles to be discarded by bicycle dealers shall be con-
tinued and promoted, and at the same time press packer automobiles and bi-
cycle cutters shall be provided to bicycle dealers by Bicycle Environmental
Promotion Association to expand the jointly collecting areas. To reduce
the disposal cost of illegally abandoned bicycles, press packer automobiles
shall be used in cooperation with local governments.
Moreover, how to promote the recycling the abandoned bicycles collected
shall be studied.
4. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities to prevent illegal

abandonment
Various campaigns shall be promoted to prevent illegal abandonment of bi-
cycles around the station.
5. Enlightening activities and popularization of long use

To promote inspection for safety at school and station (by dealers)
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10. Home elec- 1. Considerations on reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-
trical appli- ture stages
ances In addition to the four items designated as the type 1 product by the old law,
complicate structured washing machines and microwave ovens are desig-
nated as products for recycling by Law for Promotion of Effective Utiliza-
tion of Resources. The following measures shall be taken from the view-
point of promoting easily-recyclable designs.
(1) Realization of product assessment
Each maker shall assess the products in terms of resource-saving de-
sign, introduction of long-life parts and selection of easily-recyclable
materials (including the reduction of harmful substances used) based on
the "Home Electric Appliance Assessment Manual (revised in Mar.
2001).
(2) Announcement of product assessment progress

The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the
measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied
and it shall be announced to the public annually from 2001 on.
(3) Promotion of plastic recycling

To promote recycling of plastics used for the products, each maker
shall reduce the quantity and kinds of plastics used and take measures
such as indication of materials on the product. In particular, in coop-
eration with the chemical industry, the number of grade shall be re-
duced based on "Home Electric Appliance Assessment Manual. "
2. Measures taken in disposal stage

(1) System based on Special Home Electric Appliance Reproduction Law
(Electric Appliance Recycling Law)
As for air conditioners, TVs, Refrigerators and washing machines
stipulated by Electric Appliance Recycling Law enforced in 2001, ac-
ceptance of disused products by retailers and reproduction by makers
shall be promoted smoothly. In the mid and long run, utilization as
raw materials or parts and reproduction shall be promoted and the recy-
cling rate stipulated by the same law (60% for air conditioners, 55% for
TVs, 50% for refrigerators and 50% for washing machines) shall be
achieved.
Home electric appliances other than the above-mentioned four items
shall be covered gradually, taking into account the condition of diffu-
sion and disposal, improvement of technical level for recycling, sales at
retailers, law enforcement, etc.
20
(2) Collection of chlorofluorocarbon from special home electric appliances

In accordance with the Electric Appliance Recycling Law, makers shall
properly collect and destroy the catalyst chlorofluorocarbon as an duty
to fulfil integrally with recycling. Also, technical development and
facility maintenance shall be pushed ahead to promote measures
against heat insulation material chlorofluorocarbon.
Measures for separation and safety of shredder dust shall be studied by
the industries related.
3. Easy disposal and recycling of abandoned electric appliances and technolo-

gy development
To promote easy disposal and recycling of abandoned home electric appli-
ances, technological development in terms of the material, structure and
method of disposal shall be made in cooperation with related industries.
4. Promotion of long-term use

To promote long-term use of home electric appliances, the following activi-
ties shall be carried out.
i) To study concrete methods to provide a longer period for repair so that
products can be used for longer period
ii) To establish repair system by training engineers for repair
iii) To conduct safety inspection for products used for a long term more
often
iv) To set up proper repair fees
v) To insure
Use of reused parts shall be studied by taking the product safety into con-
sideration.
5. Others
(1) Reduction of lead in use
The quantity of lead in use shall be reduced by using lead-free solder-
ing.
(2) Reduction of chlorofluorocarbon in use
The quantity of chlorofluorocarbon used for products shall be reduced
by promoting the use of alternatives of chlorofluorocarbon as heat in-
sulating material.
21
11. Spring mat- 1. Measures for weight reduction and easy disposal
tress Makers shall consider about structure design, material constitution and as-
sembly method for easy disposal of spring mattress, and All Japan Bed In-
dustrial Association shall study on the product designation by Law for Pro-
motion of Effective Utilization of Resources based on the approval of waste
disposal stipulated by Waste Disposal Law (condition of companies' dis-
carding systems).
2. Measures in disposal stage

(1) Establishment of cooperation system for disposal of designated general
waste
Given that spring mattress is designated as general waste under Clause
3, Article 6 of Law Related to Disposal and Cleaning of Wastes, a sys-
tem to support local governments in proper disposal shall be estab-
lished.
(2) Popularization of disposal technologies

Shredding technology shall be introduced and popularized.
3. Promotion of advertisement activities

(1) Consultation service for disposal shall be provided by All Japan Bed
Industrial Association.
(2) Advertisement activities for disposal shall be done.
22
12. Large fur- 1. Promotion of evaluation toward easy reducing, reusing and recycling
niture Given that the metal furniture is designated as a resource-saving product
and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization
of Resources, the following measures shall be taken.
(1) Based on "Product Assessment Manual" (steel furniture, etc.) by New
Office Promotion Committee and "Guideline to Prepare Manual to
Evaluate Product Design and Promote Recycling" by Industrial Struc-
ture Council, makers shall prepare office furniture assessment manual
by the mid 2001.
measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied.
2. Promotion of maintenance of collection routes as well as reducing, reusing

and recycling
(1) Promotion of reusing wooden furniture shall be studied.
(2) As for metal furniture, establishment of collection system by maker's

route and smooth system for reusing shall be studied.
Also concrete method to store spare parts for a longer period of time
shall be studied and realized so that consumers can use products longer.
(3) Advice related to recycling shall be given to consumers at Japan Office

Furniture Association and Japan Furniture Industrial Joint Association.
3. Study on indication
(1) For wooden furniture, the contents of indication on products shall be
unified based on the guideline for home-use furniture quality indication
made by Japan Furniture Industrial Joint Association in April 1998.
(2) For metal furniture, how to indicate for easy disposal shall be studied.
4. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities

Education and guidance related to the contents of indication shall be given
to dealers and wooden furniture makers.
23
13. Carpet 1. Technology development and establishment of collection system for easy
disposal and recycling
Japan Carpet Industrial Association shall proceed with the following tech-
nological development, survey and establishment of collection system
through the joint study group for easy disposal and recycling of carpets.
(1) Narrowing down the applicable technologies for disposal and recycling
as well as experiments and study on application of recycled products
(2) Development of separation technology of discarded complex materials
(3) Meetings shall be held by organizations related to discuss considera-

tions for reducing, reusing and recycling in the design and manufacture
stages to promote studies and development of recycling and easy dis-
posal of carpets.
(4) Establishment of collection system shall be studied to show the direc-

tion as soon as possible.
(5) Promotion of use of recycled PET resin.

Japan Carpet Industrial Association shall proceed with the following adver-
tisement and enlightening activities.
(1) The consultation service for disposal by the secretariat of Japan Carpet
Industrial Association (Osaka) shall be enriched.
(2) Consumer enlightening activities (Preparation of posters and pamphlets

for raising their awareness of recycling)
14. Futon 1. Development of collection/disposal methods
All Japan Bedding Item Association shall develop and study the following
in cooperation with industries related.
(1) To study on establishment of diversified collection system to show the
direction as soon as possible.
(2) To develop and study on the application of recycled products (oil-

collection materials, heat insulation materials, reused felt, fuel, etc.)

All Japan Bedding Item Association shall do the following survey and ad-
vertisement and enlightening activities.
(1) Survey on waste disposal
24
(2) The consultation service for disposal by the secretariat of All Japan
Bedding Item Association (Tokyo) shall be enriched.
(3) Consumer enlightening activities (Preparation of posters and pamphlets

for raising their awareness of recycling)
25
15. Dry cell 1. Although the production of mercury batteries has been stopped, the collec-
batteries tion of non-discarded mercury batteries shall be promoted. For this pur-
pose, collection boxes shall be placed at shops to collect free of charge and
advertisement and enlightening activities promoted positively for collecting
and recycling mercury batteries.
16. Small-sized Purpose: Recycling rate stipulated in Law for Promotion of Effective Utiliza-
secondary tion of Resources
batteries, Small-sized seal lead battery: 50%
etc. Nickel-cadmium battery: 60%
Nickel metal-hydride battery: 55%
Lithium secondary battery: 30%
Collection rate of nickel-cadmium batteries shall be 45% or more by
2005.
(26.7% in 2000)
1. Target collection rate setting

The calculation method shall be studied by taking dead storage into consid-
eration, the research to collect the necessary data shall be started in 2001,
and the target collecting rate by 2005 for small-sized secondary batteries
shall be set up in 2002.
2. Collection system maintenance and collection rate improvement

Given that the small-sized secondary battery is designated as a product to
be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the
following measures shall be taken.
(1) Expansion of collecting bases
To promote the collection of small-sized secondary batteries, the num-
ber of collection boxes shall be increased, and at the same time the
collecting bases for small-sized secondary batteries discharged at the
time of maintenance, repair and disposal of office equipment shall be
maintained.
(2) To collect them efficiently from the collecting bases, circulating col-
lection route or reverse distribution route shall be facilitated to
strengthen the collecting system.
(3) Introduction of economical method

To improve the small-sized secondary battery collection rate, economi-
cal method shall be introduced, and more strong collecting system shall
be established, if necessary, according to the result of the method.
26
3. Promotion of indication and advertisement / enlightening activities

The following measures shall be taken pertaining to the action stipulated in
clause 1 above.
(1) Implementation of indication
Given that the small-sized secondary battery is designated as a product
to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Re-
sources, those batteries shall be classified into four categories and each
of them identified in different colors.
(2) Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities

Advertisement and consumer enlightening activities shall be done
positively to appeal that disused small-sized secondary batteries can be
taken back to the shop free of charge and they shall be collected for re-
cycling.
4. Measures for equipment using small-sized secondary batteries

Given that the equipment using small-sized secondary battery is designated
as a resource-saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Pro-
motion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall
be taken.
(1) To promote collection and recycling of small-sized secondary batteries,
makers of equipment using those batteries such as electric tools, fire-
preventing or crime-preventing equipment shall make efforts to simpli-
fy the removal of batteries from the equipment and indicate in the
equipment body and operation manual that the equipment uses small-
sized secondary batteries.
(2) Makers of equipment using small-sized secondary batteries shall de-

velop products with less load of the battery to reduce the use of small-
sized secondary batteries.
(3) For leased equipment using small-sized secondary batteries, the collec-
tion system through equipment distribution route shall be established.
(4) Companies dealing with maintenance, repair, etc. of equipment using

small-sized secondary batteries shall take those batteries removed from
equipment to recycling companies.
measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied
and it shall be regularly announced to the public from 2001 on.
27
17. Lead storage 1. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities
batteries for (1) As for lead storage batteries for bicycles and two-wheel vehicles, mak-
bicycles and ers shall positively collect and recycle them by establishing a system to
two-wheel accept them from consumers free of charge and expanding the collec-
vehicles tion and recycling routes. At the same time free-rider measures shall
be promoted.
(2) Advertisement and consumer enlightening activities shall be done

positively to appeal that lead storage batteries can be taken back to the
shop free of charge and they shall be collected for recycling.
2. Studies on recycling system

Stable collection and recycling system for lead storage batteries shall be
established by taking into account the possibility to be designated as a pro-
duct to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Re-
sources as well as the legalization of auto recycling system.
28
18. Cassette gas 1. Disposal method
cylinders To secure proper waste disposal, the central government, local governments
and the industry shall solve problems of the standardized disposal method
for cassette gas cylinders including discharge and collection methods.
(Those cassette gas cylinders shall be empty before sent to recycling proc-
ess.) Also the proper method for disposal shall continuously be announced
to the public.
2. Technological development
(1) Makers shall develop cassette gas cylinders in which the gas can be
used up easily.
(2) Makers shall develop cassette stoves in which the gas in the cassette
cylinder can be used up easily.
3. Measures against cassette gas cylinders with residual gas

To collect and recycle cassette gas cylinders with gas remained, a collection
and recycling system where duties and costs for local governments, recy-
cling companies and consumers are clarified shall be established.
19. Aerosol cans 1. Disposal method

To secure proper waste disposal, the central government, local governments
and the industry shall solve problems on the standardized disposal method
for aerosol cans including discharge and collection methods. (Aerosol
cans shall be empty before sent to recycling.) Also the proper method for
disposal shall continuously be announced to the public.
2. Measures for proper disposal of aerosol cans with residual gas

Taking into account the "Research for Aerosol Can Disposal" conducted in
1999 for aerosol products such as paints, cosmetics, insecticides, etc., a
collection and recycling system where duties and costs for local govern-
ments, recycling companies and consumers are clarified shall be estab-
lished. Also, the recycling companies and their facilities shall be main-
tained and the possibility of disposal by makers studied.
3. Promotion of advertisement
To promote collection and recycling of aerosol cans, advertisement and
customer enlightening activities shall be done by providing customers with
information on how to use up the content, how to discard cans and present
condition of aerosol can recycling.
29
4. Resource recycling
To promote material recycling for containers and packages, the product
structure to enable easy removal of plastic parts and unification of materials
shall be realized. Also, to separate steel containers and aluminum contain-
ers easily, the material shall be indicated on the product. "Easy Recycling
Design Manual for Aerosol Cans" shall be prepared by the end of 2001.
5. Collection of goods in stock

Makers shall collect goods in stock in the distribution process and dispose
of them in a safe manner.
20. Small gas ¡ Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities

cylinders To secure proper disposal of wastes, it shall be announced to the consumers
that it is prohibited to dispose of bottle gas cylinders with the gas remained
by High Pressure Gas Safety Law and they will be punished if violate the
law, through positive advertisement and consumer enlightening activities.
Also it shall be announced to the consumers that disused small gas cyl-
inders shall be taken to the distributor, and if the distributor is unknown,
they shall contact the nearest dealer, local governments or local LP Gas As-
sociations, through positive advertisement and consumer enlightening ac-
tivities.
21. Fire extin- 1. Maintenance of collection and recycling system

guishers Japan Fire Extinguisher Industrial Association has set the target collection
rate for fire extinguishers in 2001 to 85% (assessed value). Collection and
recycling shall be promoted to achieve this target in cooperation with or-
ganizations related such as Japan Fire Extinguisher Seller's Association.
(83.3% in 1999 (assessed value by Japan Fire Extinguisher Industrial Asso-
ciation)
To establish a reusing and recycling system by 2004, Fire Extinguisher and
Disaster Prevention Equipment Recycling Promotion Committee, an or-
ganization established in 2000, is making research on and solving technical
and systematical issues to reuse and recycle fire extinguishers.
2. Cooperation in illegal abandonment

As local government supporting measures, industrial organizations shall
prepare and deliver the disposal manual and makers shall collect and dis-
pose of fire extinguishers when requested by local governments.
30
22. Pachinko 1. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-
game ma- ture stages
chines, etc. Given that the pachinko game machine is designated as a resource-saving
product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective
Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be taken.
(1) Realization of product assessment
Based on the product assessment manual prepared by the association of
pachinko game machine makers, each maker shall prepare its own
manual for reducing product weight and facilitate easy disposal and
conduct product assessment to promote reducing, reusing and recycling
designs (including design to reduce harmful substances).
(3) To provide a longer period of time for repairing, concrete measures

such as storage of spare parts for repair shall be studied.
(4) Measures for material recycling and easy disposal

For material recycling and easy disposal, kinds of materials used shall
be reduced, and the lead in used shall be cut.
(5) Effective indication method

Materials in use shall be indicated on products so that synthetic resin
parts can be easily collected and recycled.
2. Target recycling rates setting

The target material recycling rates shall be set as follows:
Target year Target material recycling rate
2001 35%
2005 55%
3. Measures in distribution and disposal stages

Taking into consideration the problem of illegal abandonment of disused
pachinko game machines in the field, pachinko machine makers, pachinko
halls, distributors, forwarders and other companies concerned shall estab-
lish a system to promote collection and recycling disused pachinko game
machines.
4. Promotion of technological development for easy disposal and recycling

For recycling and easy disposal of disused pachinko game machines, tech-
31
nological development to reduce shredder dust shall be promoted in coop-
eration with industries related. Also technologies for reusing the parts
shall be developed by taking the regulations to prohibit illegal abandonment
into account.

(1) Consumer enlightening activities and guidance for proper disposal to
be provided
(2) Measures for recycling by the industry to be announced to the public
32
23. Personal 1. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-
computers ture stages
and Given that the personal computers and peripheral devices are designated as
peripheral a resource-saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promo-
devices tion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following measures shall be
taken.
(1) Realization of product assessment of data processing devices
Each maker shall assess the products based on the new environmental
design assessment guideline which promotes the use of recycled mate-
rials and includes recyclable designs, easily-reusable designs, waste re-
ducing designs in addition to recycling-oriented design (to reduce
harmful substances.)
(2) Announcement of product assessment progress

The way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the
measures taken in the design and manufacture stages shall be studied,
and it shall be announced annually from 2001 on.
(3) Promotion of recycling plastics

To promote recycling of plastics used for products disused, kinds of
plastics shall be reduced and material used shall be indicated on prod-
ucts.
From the viewpoint of recycling, the grade of plastics shall be reviewed
in cooperation with the material industry, and easily-recyclable plastics
shall be selected based on the result obtained in 2000. At the same
time, concrete method for material recycling including plastic recycling
shall be studied.
2. Measures in disposal stage

Given that Japan Electronic Industry Development Association prepared
"Self-Action Plan Related to Personal Computer Reducing, Reusing and
Recycling" (Dec. 1999) and the personal computer is designated as a pro-
duct to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Re-
(1) Maintenance of disused product recycling system
To promote collection and recycling of disused products, office PC
collection/recycling routes shall be established as soon as possible. At
the same time, home PC collection/recycling system shall be estab-
lished by introducing proper measures for that purpose by the end of
2002. Also disused peripheral devices shall be collected.
33
(2) Promotion of recycling
Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources: Recycling in
2003
Desk top PC body: 50%
Notebook PC: 20%
Display: 55%
Self target: Recycling rate (desk top PC) in 2005: 60%
Further reuse and recycling of parts (MPU, memories, HDD, cables, etc.)
shall be promoted.
3. Technological development for easy disposal and recycling disused prod-

ucts
Technological development in terms of material, structure and disposal
method shall be promoted for easy disposal and recycling disused products
in cooperation with industries related.

To promote the use for a longer time and recycling, consumers and users
shall be enlightened by PR activities.
5. Other reducing activities such as upgrading, etc. shall be promoted, and

measures to facilitate repair system to use recycled parts and support the
use of product for a longer period of time shall be studied and realized.
34
24. Coping ma- 1. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-
chines ture stages
Given that the copying machine is designated as a resource-saving product
and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization
of Resources, the following measures shall be taken by emphasizing the
promotion of reusing measures.
(1) Based on "Guideline for Preparation of Product Assessment Manual"
reviewed and enriched in 2000 by the economic groups for reducing,
reusing and recycling materials toward the establishment of cyclical
economic system, each company shall develop reusable or reducing
designs and increase use of recycled materials while reducing the use
of harmful substances.
(3) Materials used for copying machines such as plastic, etc. shall indicated
on the product, grade cut studied and concrete measures for material
recycling worked out.
2. Promotion of venous distribution joint projects to collect disused copying

machines
Establishment of "disused copying machine interchange system" shall be
promoted by companies concerned to reuse and recycle parts of disused
copying machines.
To collect parts smoothly, companies supplied OEM products, leasing com-
panies and dealers shall cooperate with each other.
3. Promotion of plastic reusing technology development

To promote reusing and recycling plastic parts of disused copying ma-
chines, related technologies shall be developed in cooperation with indus-
tries related.
4. Announcement of reusing and recycling measures

Reusing and recycling measures shall be announced to the public by the in-
dustries related and user enlightening activities and PR activities shall be
done.
35
25. Gas and 1. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-
kerosene ture stages
equipment Given that the gas and kerosene equipment is designated as a resource-
saving product and a product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Ef-
fective Utilization of Resources, makers shall conduct product assessment
for product weight reduction and easy disposal by improving structure de-
sign, materials and assembly method of products. In this case, attention
shall be paid to easy recycling design (to reduce harmful substances), long-
life design, easy-repair design of the products.
Also easily-reusable products design shall continuously be studied taking
the security of products when used into account.
Moreover, the way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the
2. Provision of repair chance

Concrete methods to provide users with a longer period of time to repair
and use the product shall be studied.
3. Establishment of collection/recycling system for disused products

Based on the interim report on gas/kerosene equipment recycling confer-
ence (July 2000) and other survey results, makers shall grasp the reality of
recycling and establish rational collection/recycling system in cooperation
with local governments.
36
26. Textile 1. Establishment of collection and recycling system
products To promote recycling of textile products, clothing in particular, "Textile
Product Recycling Conference" which consists of makers, dealers, dis-
tributors, recycling companies, consumers, universities, etc. shall develop
easily-recycled products, recycling-related technologies, recycled product
applications and establish a system for promoting 3R (reducing, reusing and
recycling) activities.
2. Measures to reduce wastes

(1) Promotion of reducing
By using information technologies positively in textile product supply
chains, the production and distribution of textile products shall be ra-
tionalized and partially finished products and completely finished pro-
ducts in stock reduced.
3. Technological development for easy recycling and expansion of application

(1) Development of material recycling technology
(2) Development of chemical recycling technology
(3) Development of thermal recycling (RPF)
(4) Development of reprocessed material utilizing technology
4. Tie-up with other industries

PET flakes shall be used more.
5. Promotion of advertisement and enlightenment activities

(1) Holding recycle fashion shows and exhibitions
(2) Popularizing recycled products and enlightening activities
37
27. Lubrication From the viewpoint of promotion of lubrication oil recycling, Lubrication Oil
oil Association shall clarify the reality of disposal of disused lubrication oil and the
following measures shall be taken.
1. Strengthening the cooperation between organizations related to lubrication
oil and expanding advertisement and enlightening activities
Cooperation among organizations concerned such as Lubrication Oil Asso-
ciation, Japan Machine Oil Industrial Association, Japan Oil Recycling As-
sociation, etc. shall be strengthened and positive advertisement and enlight-
ening activities related to proper separated collection of disused lubrication
oil shall be done for lubrication oil users, machinery makers, etc.
2. Shifting to non-chlorine lubrication oil

With understanding and cooperation of lubrication oil users, measures to
shift from chlorine oil (lubrication oil using chlorine additives), excluding
oil without technological substitutability, to non-chlorine oil shall be taken
by 2002.
3. Promotion of separated collection of disused lubrication oil

Makers shall affix a label on the oil containers to indicate the content is
chlorine lubrication oil from 2001 on so that lubrication oil users can iden-
tify, separate and dispose of chlorine oil properly and easily.
28. Electric 1. Measures for collection

wires In cooperation with electric wire users and nonferrous metal collecting or-
ganizations, a system to collect electric wires used for equipment and har-
ness for vehicles shall be established.
Also technology to collect copper from shredder dust efficiently shall be
developed.
2. Measures for recycling

Target for recycling of copper of electric wires, plastic covering material
such as polyvinyl chloride shall be set. From the viewpoint of LCA for
supplying, collecting and recycling electric wires, adverse environmental
effect shall be reduced and recycling technologies developed. In addition,
easily-recycled design of electric wires and the possibility of indication of
covering materials shall be studied.
38
29. Construction Construction material makers shall control the production of construction wastes
materials while promoting separated collection and recycling, and the following measures
shall be taken for each construction material.
1. Wood materials
(1) Fiber boards, particle boards
i) To promote recycling of wood building materials, it shall be stud-
ied to designate the fiber board and particle board manufacture as a
special recycling industry by Law for Promotion of Effective Utili-
zation of Resources.
ii) Researches shall be conducted to acquire knowledge for improving
the material mixing ratio of wood chip produced during construc-
tion to these boards. The use of these boards for public buildings
and private housings shall be increased. Also, based on the result
of those researches, technological development and maintenance of
recycling preparedness shall be promoted.
2. Ceramic construction material

(1) Plaster board
i) To promote recycling of scrap plaster boards from demolished
buildings, the industries related are required to develop technologi-
es for expanding the application such as use for soil reducer or ce-
ment.
ii) To promote recycling of scrap plaster board from new buildings, it
shall be studied to designate the plaster board manufacture as a
special recycling industry by Law for Promotion of Effective Utili-
zation of Resources. Also technological development and main-
tenance of recycling preparedness shall be promoted.
(2) Ceramic sidings

i) As for ceramic sidings, efforts shall be made to diffuse long-life
products and improve the durability of products in cooperation
with industries related.
ii) Industrial organizations shall popularize the hardware-fastening
method in which ceramic sidings can be easily separated from
other materials. Also recycling technology to use disused materi-
als produced from new buildings for cement material shall be de-
veloped, and the possibility of reusing ceramic sidings shall be
studied.
(3) ALC panels (autoclaved lightweight concrete panels)

i) "Guideline for Construction Method of ALC Panels for Tiling
39
(draft) / Description" and "Guideline for Construction Method of
ALC Panels for Reinforcing Exterior Wall (draft) / Description"
shall be diffused in the industries related as a guidelines to improve
the durability and the life of ALC buildings.
ii) Dry-typed construction method shall be popularized, in which ALC
panels can be removed easily from buildings when demolishing
them.
iii) Actual condition survey for separated collection of ALC building
materials shall be conducted, and the period and costs for new de-
molishing technologies shall be verified.
iv) Research and development toward technology to recycle disused
ALC panels for light-weight concrete aggregate and cement mate-
rial shall be promoted.
(4) Glass wool

Recycling rate of scrap plate glass used as glass wool material shall be
improved (82% in 1999).
(5) Rock wool

Recycling rate of blast furnace slag used as rock wool material shall be
improved (90% in 1999).
(6) Roof tiles

i) Researches related to effective collection method for disused roof
tiles, new application of recycled roof tiles, performance compari-
son between recycled products and conventional products shall be
conducted.
ii) By disclosing the result of researches above to the public including
users, etc. the use of recycled products shall be diffused.
3. Plastic building materials

To promote recycling of polyvinyl chloride building materials, the follow-
ing measures shall be taken.
(1) Polyvinyl chloride tubes and joints

i) Given that the polyvinyl chloride tube and joint are designated as a
special product to be recycled by Law for Promotion of Effective
Utilization of Resources, systematical recycling shall be promoted
by maintaining technological development and recycling prepared-
ness.
ii) As for polyvinyl chloride tubes, given that the tube is designated as
a product whose use shall be indicated on products by Law for
40
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, such indication
shall be ensured to promote recycling.
(2) Polyvinyl chloride sashes

i) To promote research and development for effective recycling of
polyvinyl chloride sashes, concrete method to collect polyvinyl
chloride sashes shall be studied to establish a recycling system.
ii) As for polyvinyl chloride sashes, given that the sash is designated
as a product whose use shall be indicated on products by Law for
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, such indication
shall be ensured to promote recycling.
(3) Polyvinyl chloride drain spouts

Given that the polyvinyl chloride drain spout is designated as a product
whose use shall be indicated on products by Law for Promotion of Ef-
fective Utilization of Resources, such indication shall be ensured to
promote recycling.
(4) Polyvinyl chloride floor material

i) Each company shall make efforts to increase the rate of disused
polyvinyl chloride products (agricultural vinyl films, etc.) used as
raw material to 30%.
ii) Products of simply adherence type, in which removal is easy when
demolishing buildings, shall be diffused.
iii) "Floor material-to-floor material" recycling technology, in par-
ticular technology to separate floor material from mortar, shall be
developed.
iv) Given that the polyvinyl chloride floor material is designated as a
product whose use shall be indicated on products by Law for Pro-
motion of Effective Utilization of Resources, such indication shall
be ensured to promote recycling.
(5) Polyvinyl chloride wall paper

i) Establishment of separation system for interior finish materials and
recycling technology shall be studied by the industries related.
ii) Given that polyvinyl chloride wall paper is designated as a product
whose use shall be indicated on products by Law for Promotion of
Effective Utilization of Resources, such indication shall be ensured
to promote recycling.
4. Metal building material

(1) Metal roofs
41
i) Metal roofs with long life shall be diffused.
ii) The industries related shall discuss the possibility of development
of recyclable product which can be disassembled easily when de-
molishing.
(2) Aluminum sashes

The industries related shall discuss the possibility of development of
recyclable products.
(3) Metal sanding

i) Metal sanding with long life shall be diffused.
ii) The industries related shall discuss the possibility of development
of recyclable product which can be disassembled easily when de-
molishing, in particular the technology to separate heat insulating
material and metal shall be studied.
5. Others
Tatami mats (building material)
The industries related shall discuss the establishment of a tatami mat recy-
cling system and show the direction by the end of 2001.
42
30. Bath tubs Given that the bathroom unit is a product designated as a product to be recycled
and bath- by Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following
room units measures shall be taken.
(1) Product assessment manual shall be prepared by the end of 2001 to de-
velop designs for reducing, reusing and recycling, and each maker shall
conduct product assessment.
Also the way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the
(2) Idication method for useful recycling shall be studied.
(3) "Bath Tub and Bathroom Unit 3R Study Committee" consisting of or-
ganizations related to bath tabs and bathroom units (Kitchen/Bath In-
dustrial Association, Bath Tub Committee of Reinforced Plastic Asso-
ciation, Japan Resin Bath Tub Industrial Association and Japan Equip-
ment Unit Industrial Association) established to take the measures
above-mentioned jointly shall continuously study measures to promote
3R.
31. Kitchen Given that the kitchen component is designated as a product to be recycled by
component Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources, the following meas-
ures shall be taken.
(1) Product assessment manual shall be prepared by the end of 2001 to de-
velop designs for reducing, reusing and recycling, and each maker shall
conduct product assessment.
Also the way to announce to the public the progress and effects of the
(2) Indication method for useful recycling shall be studied.
43
32. Cellular 1. By taking the following measures (mobile recycling network for cellular
phones and phone and PHS terminals) inaugurated in April 2001, collection and recy-
PHS* cling of disused terminals shall be promoted.
(1) To collect disused terminals by about 7,000 cellular phone shops and
PHS shops regardless of the provider brand or maker brand
(2) To affix a unified sticker at the shops, which indicates that the shops
are collecting disused cellular phone and PHS terminals free of charge
(3) To indicate the contents of (1) and (2) above in pamphlets, advertising
materials sent with a telephone bill, operation manuals, each company's
homepage, newspaper advertisement, etc.
2. To promote reducing, reusing and recycling designs of the product (design

to cut harmful substances included), product assessment shall be conducted
by following "Guideline for Product Environment Assessment for Cellular
Phone and PHS Terminals" (prepared in March 2001.)
3. Given that the cellular phone and PHS terminal is designated as a resource-
reusing product and a product to be recycled as using small-sized secondary
batteries, the following measures shall be taken in addition to measures 1.
and 2. above.
(1) To simplify the collection and recycling of small-sized secondary bat-
teries used in cellular phone and PHS terminals, easy removal from the
terminal and indication of use of small-sized secondary batteries on the
terminal shall be ensured.
(2) To minimize the small-sized secondary batteries discharged from cel-

lular phone and PHS terminals, products with less battery load shall be
developed.
(3) Removed small-sized secondary batteries disused shall be sent to recy-

cling companies.
* PHS (Personal Handyphone System) is a mobile communication technology unique to Japan. Though it did not catch on in terms
of voice services behind the expansion of the cellular phone, its data transfer capacity of up to 128kbps, use of the 1.9GHz band,
and an interface with the ISDN network make it a suitable technology for PDAs.
44
33. Fluorescent 1. The "Lamp and Stabilizer Product Assessment Manual" prepared by Japan
tubes Electric Bulb Industrial Association (in July 1992) shall be reviewed to
promote recyclable designs, downsizing of fluorescent lamps, lamps with
longer life and mercury cut.
2. Local governments shall promote the collection and recycling, advertise-

ment and enlighten activities and the development of recycling technologies
in order to improve the collecting rate.
i) Recycling consultation service shall be provided in Japan Electric Bulb
Industrial Association to deal with inquiries about disposal of disused
fluorescent tubes made by local governments.
ii) Information effective for collection and recycling and technological

development shall be given to recycling companies to improve disposal
technology.
3. More energy-saving shall be pursued by promoting high-efficiency recy-

cling.
45
34. Vending 1. Promotion of reducing, reusing and recycling measures
machines (1) Based on "Product Assessment Manual" prepared by Japan Automatic
Vending Machine Industrial Association in April 1997 as a self-
standard, product assessment in the manufacture stage (including harm-
ful substance cut) shall be promoted. At the same time, this manual
shall be reviewed to promote reusable designs and reducing designs.
(2) To promote reducing and reusing of automatic vending machines, a
longer life by structural improvement, standardization of materials and
parts, modularization, easy disassembly shall be pursued.
(3) The application and kinds of plastics shall be surveyed, and reduction
of the kinds and material indication shall be studied.
(4) Based on "Manual for Proper Disposal of Vending Machines" prepared
by Japan Vending Machine Industrial Association, Japan Vending Ma-
chine Sales Association, Japan Soft-Drink Industrial Association and
Japan Vending Machine Security Maintenance Association, recycling
shall be popularized and proper measures taken shall be taken for col-
lecting chlorofluorocarbon.
2. Promotion of technological development

To expand reusing and recycling of materials and parts of disused automatic
vending machines, technological development such as structure improve-
ment shall be promoted in cooperation with the industries related.
3. Announcement to the public

The progress of reducing, reusing and recycling measures shall be an-
nounced to the public and enlightening and PR activities conducted.

35. Single Use 1. Promotion of reducing, reusing and recycling measures
Cameras The conventional measures for reusing and recycling disused single use
cameras, which was promoted as an ideal close-droop recycling, shall be
continued and these films shall be of resource-saving (reducing) and easy
reusing and recycling design.
2. Promotion of collection
To collect more disused products, a stable collection system shall be estab-
lished in cooperation with processing stations.
46

Guideline For Waste Treatment/Recycling by Commodity

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Guideline for Waste Treatment/Recycling by Commodity

Dec. 17, 2001

2. Promotion of used paper collection

(2) Promotion of used paper collection at home by group collection, etc.

3. Promotion of paper container and package recycling

(2) Other paper containers and packages

(2) Development and promotion of new application fields of cullet

(3) Cullet quality improvement

2. Promotion of reducing and reusing

To set up a proper recycling rate, a national standard for proper recycling

2. Promotion of reducing and recycling measures

3. Various application fields of steel-making material

4. Promotion of recycling measures in alignment with Containers and Pack-

II. Future activities

3. Popularization and enlightening measures

(2) Reducing and recycling measures

2. Promotion of "Can-to-Can" recycling

4. Recycling of aluminum containers and packages other than cans

(3) Food trays made by foam polystyrene

(4) Vinyl chloride

2. Promotion of chemical recycling

3. Promotion of energy collection and utilization

4. Reduction of waste plastics

5. Tie-up with product assembly and processing industries

(2) Development of FRP recycling technology

2. Improvement of recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances

3. Considerations in reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-

6. Promotion of use of reused parts

(2) Measures shall be taken for automobile collection through selling

(3) Measures against shredder dust

8. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities for preventing ille-

2. Improvement of recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances

3. Considerations for reducing, reusing and recycling in design and manufac-

4. Promotion of tie-up among material industry, part makers and automobile

5. Measures in collection stage

(3) Measures against shredder dust

6. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities to prevent illegal

2. Promotion of recycling and reusing

(2) Increase of demand for retreaded tires

(3) Promotion of material recycling

Given that the electric-assist bicycle is designated as a product to be recy-

2. Recycling target setting

3. Promotion of collection and disposal of used bicycles and illegally aban-

4. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities to prevent illegal

5. Enlightening activities and popularization of long use

(2) Announcement of product assessment progress

(3) Promotion of plastic recycling

2. Measures taken in disposal stage

(2) Collection of chlorofluorocarbon from special home electric appliances

3. Easy disposal and recycling of abandoned electric appliances and technolo-

4. Promotion of long-term use

2. Measures in disposal stage

(2) Popularization of disposal technologies

3. Promotion of advertisement activities

(2) Advertisement activities for disposal shall be done.

2. Promotion of maintenance of collection routes as well as reducing, reusing

(2) As for metal furniture, establishment of collection system by maker's

(3) Advice related to recycling shall be given to consumers at Japan Office

4. Promotion of advertisement and enlightening activities

(2) Development of separation technology of discarded complex materials

(3) Meetings shall be held by organizations related to discuss considera-

(4) Establishment of collection system shall be studied to show the direc-