CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure
and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a
building's lifecycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation,
and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the
engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and
complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and
comfort.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in
creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to
reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural
environment by:
 Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
 Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
 Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on
the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable
design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present
generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the retrofitting existing
homes, others do. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well
as new construction.
A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12 sustainably designed
buildings cost less to operate and have excellent energy performance. In addition, occupants
were more satisfied with the overall building than those in typical commercial buildings

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1.2 NEED FOR GREEN BUILDINGS
In order to understand the thinking behind green building principles it is necessary to remember
why we should be so concerned with such issues in the construction industry. Perhaps
producing more energy from renewable sources and protecting wildlife and habitats is much
more important. Indeed, there are many who do not give green building a high priority. It is
surprising how many environmental groups, for instance, appear to attach a low priority to
their built environment. Groups concerned with the natural environment, wildlife, habitats and
so on, sometimes inhabit or build dreadful buildings using toxic materials and high embodied
energy materials. Many others see the issue purely in terms of energy efficiency or more
specifically fuel efficiency and are largely unconcerned about the environmental impacts of
the materials which they use to achieve reductions in gas, oil and electricity bills. Thus the
importance of buildings and the construction industry has to be seen as one of the important
user of energy and resources in advanced society. Thus if we are concerned about ozone
depletion, wastage of limited natural resources, such as oil, gas and minerals, the loss of
forested areas, toxic chemical manufacture and emissions, destruction of natural habitats and
so on, tackling the built environment is going to go a long way to addressing these issues.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Amany Ragheb et.al., (2016) found that green architecture produces environmental, social
and economic benefits. Environmentally, green architecture helps reduce pollution, conserve
natural resources and prevent environmental degradation. Economically, it reduces the amount
of money that the building's operators have to spend on water and energy and improves the
productivity of those using the facility. And, socially, green buildings are meant to be beautiful
and cause only minimal strain on the local infrastructure.
Dat Tien Doan et.al.,(2017) found that all of the building rating systems have evolved over
the years and have been updated to become more demanding in line with technological
advances. BREEAM is the first released green rating system in the world which certified
approximately 560,000 buildings, but LEED is seen as the most flexible tool used in 160
countries and territories. In addition, there are a significantly higher number of papers
discussing LEED compared to BREEAM concerning the eight main journal sources for this
research since 1998.
Mohammadjavad, et.al.,(2014) found that sustainability is increasingly becoming a key
consideration of building practitioners, policy makers, and industry alike, since the world is
moving towards green construction. When buildings have green consumption, the effect
of embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions becomes important. A green building can
be built with different materials and construction methods that create a different
cumulative carbon footprint. Green products can have very low energy consumption and also
can be helpful to the environment and nature. Therefore, the utilization of green materials, as
the most important renewable materials, in all aspects of human existence appears to be the
most effective way to optimize the use of resources and to reduce the environmental impact
associated with mankind’s activities.
Wenjuan Wei et.al., (2015) reviewed that fifty-five green building schemes in 31
certifications worldwide were reviewed. IAQ is included in all of the certifications as a section
that evaluates the health risk of indoor occupants. The global average contribution of IAQ in
green building certification is 7.5%. A large variety of compounds are targeted. Some

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compounds, e.g., ozone, particles, and SVOCs deserve to be considered in a larger number of
certifications due to their negative health effects. All of the certifications include ventilation as
a way to manage IAQ. Emission source control is included in 77% of the certifications and is
mainly targeted at building material emissions. For existing buildings, other emission source
control pathways should be more widely considered, such as the reduction of emissions due
to cleaning products and cleaning practices.
AmirHosein GhaffarianHoseini et.al., (2013) Eventually, the notion of innovation is
highlighted to be significantly beneficial within the field of sustainability, green building
systems and energy efficiency hence results in development of additional subjectiveness to the
ongoing research implementations while sustaining the dynamism.

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 CHAPTER 3
PRINCIPLES OF GREEN BUILDINGS

3.1 SITING AND STRUCTURE DESIGN EFFICIENCY

The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the concept and design stages. The
concept stage, in fact, is one of the major steps in a project life cycle, as it has the largest impact
on cost and performance In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective is to
minimize the total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building
project. However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an industrial process, and varies
from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically. In addition, buildings are
much more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials and components each
constituting various design variables to be decided at the design stage. A variation of every
design variable may affect the environment during all the building's relevant life-cycle stages

3.2 ENERGY EFFIECNCY

Fig 3.1: An eco-house at Findhorn Ecovillage with a turf roof and solar panels
(https://theconstructor.org.)
Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the embodied
energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating
energy to provide services such as heating and power for equipment.
As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much
greater importance and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy
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consumption. To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage
through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space).
They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors.
Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes.
Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows
and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective
window placement (daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric
lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy costs. Onsite generation
of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can
significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally
the most expensive feature to add to a building.

3.3 WATER EFFICIENCY

Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable
building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the
supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible,
facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused
on-site. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be
accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-
water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets
and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic
and increasing possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating
improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in
circulation. The use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-irrigation will
minimize demands on the local aquifer

3.4 MATERIALS EFFICIENCY

Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include lumber from forests that have been
certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and
straw, dimension, recycled stone, recycled metal and other products that are non-toxic,

6
reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e.g., Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from
paper flakes, compressed earth block, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen,
sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fiber plates, calcium sand stone, etc.
The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods,
such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction
projects Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site
to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements
should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximize benefits of off-site
manufacture including minimizing waste, maximizing recycling (because manufacture is in
one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust. Energy
efficient building materials and appliances are promoted in the United States through energy
rebate programs, which are increasingly communicated to consumers through energy rebate
database services such as Green Ohm.

3.5 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENHANCEMENT

The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five
environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of
occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially :
indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality.
Indoor Air Quality seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and other air
impurities such as microbial contaminants. Buildings rely on a properly designed ventilation
system (passively/naturally or mechanically powered) to provide adequate ventilation of
cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated, filtered air as well as isolated operations (kitchens,
dry cleaners, etc.) from other occupancies. During the design and construction process
choosing construction materials and interior finish products with zero or low VOC emissions
will improve IAQ. Most building materials and cleaning/maintenance products emit gases,
some of them toxic, such as many VOCs including formaldehyde. These gases can have a
detrimental impact on occupants' health, comfort, and productivity. Avoiding these products
will increase a building's IEQ. LEED, HQ and Green Star contain specifications on use of low-
emitting interior. Draft LEED 2012 is about to expand the scope of the involved products.
BREEAM limits formaldehyde emissions, no other VOCs. Also important to indoor air quality
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is the control of moisture accumulation (dampness) leading to mold growth and the presence
of bacteria and viruses as well as dust mites and other organisms and microbiological concerns.
Water intrusion through a building's envelope or water condensing on cold surfaces on the
building's interior can enhance and sustain microbial growth. A well-insulated and tightly
sealed envelope will reduce moisture problems, but adequate ventilation is also necessary to
eliminate moisture from sources indoors including human metabolic processes, cooking,
bathing, cleaning, and other activities. Personal temperature and airflow control over the
HVAC system coupled with a properly designed building envelope will also aid in increasing
a building's thermal quality. Creating a high-performance luminous environment through the
careful integration of daylight and electrical light sources will improve on the lighting quality
and energy performance of a structure. Solid wood products, particularly flooring, are often
specified in environments where occupants are known to have allergies to dust or other
particulates. Wood itself is considered to be hypo-allergenic and its smooth surfaces prevent
the buildup of particles common in soft finishes like carpet. The Asthma and Allergy
Foundation of American recommends hardwood, vinyl, linoleum tile or slate flooring instead
of carpet. The use of wood products can also improve air quality by absorbing or releasing
moisture in the air to moderate humidity. Interactions among all the indoor components and
the occupants together form the processes that determine the indoor air quality.

8
 Fig 3.2: Illustrative example of Green Building (https://theconstructor.org.)

3.6 WASTE REDUCTION

Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during
construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from
commercial buildings During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount
of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste
generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to
reduce matter going to landfills. To reduce the amount of wood that goes to landfill, Neutral
Alliance (a coalition of government, NGOs and the forest industry) created the website
dontwastewood.com. The site includes a variety of resources for regulators, municipalities,
developers, contractors, owner/operators and individuals/homeowners looking for information
on wood recycling. When buildings reach the end of their useful life, they are typically
demolished and hauled to landfills. Deconstruction is a method of harvesting what is
commonly considered "waste" and reclaiming it into useful building material. Extending the
useful life of a structure also reduces waste – building materials such as wood that are light

9
and easy to work with make renovations easier. To reduce the impact on wells or water
treatment plants, several options exist. "Greywater", wastewater from sources such as
dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-
potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar
purposes. Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be costly and use a lot of energy. An
alternative to this process is converting waste and wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these
costs and shows other benefits. By collecting human waste at the source and running it to a
semi-centralized biogas plant with other biological waste, liquid fertilizer can be produced.
This concept was demonstrated by a settlement in Lubeck Germany in the late 1990s. Practices
like these provide soil with organic nutrients and create carbon sinks that remove carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere, offsetting greenhouse gas emission. Producing
artificial fertilizer is also more costly in energy than this process.

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 CHAPTER 4
ASSESMENT METHODS
4.1 GENERAL
As a result of the increased interest in green building concepts and practices, a number of
organizations have developed standards, codes and rating systems that let government
regulators, building professionals and consumers embrace green building with confidence. In
some cases, codes are written so local governments can adopt them as bylaws to reduce the
local environmental impact of buildings.

Green building rating systems such as BREEAM (United Kingdom), LEED (United States ,
Canada ,India), GRIHA (India) and CASBEE (Japan) help consumers determine a structure’s
level of environmental performance. They award credits for optional building features that
support green design in categories such as location and maintenance of building site,
conservation of water, energy, and building materials, and occupant comfort and health. The
number of credits generally determines the level of achievement.

4.2 LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most popular green
building certification programs used worldwide. Developed by the non-profit U.S. Green
Building Council (USGBC) it includes a set of rating systems for the design, construction,
operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes, and neighborhoods that aims to help
building owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently.

4.2.1 Rating system

After four years of development, aligning credit across all LEED rating systems and weighing
credits based on environmental priority, USGBC launched LEED v3, which consists of a new
continuous development process, a new version of LEED Online, a revised third-party
certification program and a new suite of rating systems known as LEED 2009. Under LEED
2009, there are 100 possible base points distributed across six credit categories: "Sustainable
Sites", "Water Efficiency", "Energy and Atmosphere", "Materials and Resources", "Indoor
Environmental Quality", and "Innovation in Design". Up to 10 additional points may be

11
earned: four additional points may be received for Regional Priority Credits, and six additional
points for Innovation in Design.

4.2.2 Certification level

Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification:
 Certified: 40-49 points
 Silver: 50-59 points
 Gold: 60-79 points
 Platinum: 80 points and above

Fig 4.1: LEED Rating (https://new.usgbc.org/leed)

4.2.3 Goal of the credit system

The LEED 2009 performance credit system aims to allocate points "based on the
potential environmental impacts and human benefits of each credit." These are weighed using
the environmental impact categories of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's
Tools for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts
(TRACI) and the environmental-impact weighting scheme developed by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST).

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4.2.4 Prerequisites
To participate in LEED 2009, a building must comply with environmental laws and
regulations, occupancy scenarios, building permanence and pre-rating completion, site
boundaries and area-to-site ratios. Its owner must share data on the building's energy and water
use for five years after occupancy (for new construction) or date of certification (for existing
buildings).

Each of the performance categories also have mandatory measures in each category, which
receive no points.

4.2.5 Credit weighting process

The weighting process has three steps:

1. A collection of reference buildings are used to estimate the environmental impacts of any
building seeking LEED certification in a designated rating scheme.
2. NIST weightings are used to judge the relative importance of these impacts in each
category.
3. Data regarding actual impacts on environmental and human health are used to assign points
to individual categories and measures.
This system results in a weighted average for each rating scheme based upon actual impacts
and the relative importance of those impacts to human health and environmental quality.
The LEED council also appears to have assigned credit and measure weighting based upon the
market implications of point allocation.

Fig 4.2: Number of LEED buildings registered (https://new.usgbc.org/leed)

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4.3 GRIHA

GRIHA, or Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, is the national rating system of
India for any completed construction. It is an assessment tool to measure and rate a building’s
environmental performance. GRIHA endeavors to calculate facets, for instance, energy
consumption, waste generation, renewable energy adoption, among other points, in an attempt
to manage, control and reduce the same to the finest achievable degree. GRIHA estimates the
environmental performance of a building as a whole over its complete life cycle, and in so
doing supplying a classic criterion for what adds up to a ‘green building’. The rating system,
based on accepted energy and environmental principles, seeks to strike a balance between the
established practices and emerging concepts, both national and international. It needs to be
noted that the guidelines or criteria appraisal, if you may, could be reworked every three years
or so to keep in mind the most recent scientific developments during the period. GRIHA has
always stressed upon maximizing resource (water, energy, and materials) and conserving as
well as enhancing efficiency of the system and operations.

4.3.1 Rating Criterion

GRIHA V 3 rating system consists of 34 criteria covering various subjects such as sustainable
site planning, energy and water optimization, sustainable building materials, waste
management and building operations & maintenance. All buildings, which are in the design
stage and have built up area more than 2,500 m2, m2, which are in the design stage, are eligible
for certification under GRIHA. Building types include but are not limited to offices, retail
spaces, institutional buildings, hotels, hospital buildings, healthcare facilities, residences, and
multi-family high-rise buildings. All buildings, which are in the design stage and have built up
area more than 2,500 m2, which are in the design stage, are eligible for certification under
GRIHA. Building types include but are not limited to offices, retail spaces, institutional
buildings, hotels, hospital buildings, healthcare facilities, residences, and multi-family high-
rise buildings.

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 Table:4.1 GRIHA Criterion (http://griha.in)

Table:4.2 GRIHA Rating (http://Griha.in)

4.3.2 Rating Process

4.3.2.1 Registration
A project must be registered with GRIHA Council through the GRIHA website by filling in
the registration form online. Registration should preferably be done at beginning of a project,

15
as several issues need to be addressed at the pre-design stage. The registration process includes
access to the essential information related to rating.

4.3.2.2 Post-registration
An orientation workshop is conducted by the GRIHA Council, for the entire project team
comprising of the owner, architect, MEP Consultants, landscape consultants, project manager,
etc. The workshop serves the dual purpose of awareness of GRIHA System for all involved
and identification and evaluation of the optional criteria to enhance the rating of the project.

4.3.2.3OnlineSubmissionofdocuments
The project proponent is required to provide documentary evidence to demonstrate compliance
with the criteria. The required list of documents is mentioned in the criteria in the GRIHA
Manual. All compliance documents shall be submitted through the online portal on the GRIHA
website. Submitted documents will be checked and vetted by GRIHA Council.

4.3.2.4 Due Diligence

Three site visits will be conducted as part of the rating process to verify the compliances on
site. The first site visit will be done when the project is at plinth level, the second one will be
done when the structural work is complete and interior finishing is in progress. The third and
final site visit will be done after the preliminary document assessment by GRIHA.

4.4Evaluationprocess
Complete and consolidated rating documents submitted by the project proponent shall be sent
for a third-party review. Third party reviewers are identified and trained by the GRIHA Council
under the supervision of the Technical Advisory Committee of GRIHA. On-site checks will
be carried out by the GRIHA Council 3 times during the project execution phase for auditing
the green features as part of the Due-Diligence visits.

 The submission summary report generated by the online portal will be sent to the
evaluators. The evaluators will award provisional points and comment on specific criteria,
if need be.
 The evaluation report will be sent to the project proponent to review the same and, if
desired, take steps to increase the score. The report will have elaborate remarks of the

16
 evaluation committee along with comments. The report will list the criteria for which the
documentation is incomplete, detailing the information, which is required.
 The project proponent will be given one-month time to resubmit the documents with
necessary modifications /additions. The resubmitted documents will comprise only of the
additional documents / information desired in the evaluation report.
 The resubmitted documents will again be put through the vetting process described above.
The evaluation committee will then award the final score.
 The final score will be presented to the National Advisory committee comprising of
eminent personalities and renowned professionals in the field, for approval and award of
the provisional rating.
 Final award of rating will be subject to an independent energy audit of the project after a
year of commissioning the building.
Once rated, the rating will be valid for a period of five years from the date of commissioning
of the building. GRIHA reserves the right to undertake a random on-site audit of any criteria
for which points have been awarded.

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 CHAPTER 5
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING

To preserve natural resources and reduce environmental wastes, many builders and design
professionals utilize green building methods. Green building focuses on the efficiency of
resources including energy, water, and building materials, while taking into consideration the
building impacts on human health and the environment.
Various programs throughout the U.S. encourage professionals within the construction
industry to utilize green building methods. The most prominent program is Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), an initiative developed by the U.S. Green Building
Council. LEED is a nationally accepted benchmark for producing high-performance green
buildings. The initiative takes into account a five-step approach to building, including:
sustainable site development, energy efficiency, water savings, material selection, and indoor
environment quality.

5.1 EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES:

Green buildings incorporate energy and water efficient technologies that are not as readily
available in traditional buildings. These technologies create a healthier and more comfortable
environment as they utilize renewable energy, reduce waste, and decrease heating and cooling
expenses.

5.2 EASIER MAINTENANCE:

Green buildings typically involve less maintenance. For example, green buildings generally
do not require exterior painting every three to five years: this simple method helps saves the
environment, as well as a consumer time and money.

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5.3 IMPROVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY:
With green buildings, the indoor air quality is improved via natural and healthy materials:
green buildings utilize clean energy sources such as solar and wind power, rather than burning
coal

5.4 RETURN ON INVESTMENT:

Considering the average lifecycle of a building (50-100 years), certain green building
measures, such as installing solar panels or doubling the amount of installation, can yield a
strong return on investment and lead to higher resale values.

5.5 ENERGY EFFICIENCY:

Green building methods make the most out of energy, resources, and materials. As enforced
by The Department of Energy (DOE), builders and design professionals must adhere to energy
code requirements.

5.6 TAX INCENTIVES:

Incentives exist on a local, state, and federal level to support building green initiatives.

5.7 GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA

Fig 5.1 Suzlon One Earth , Pune (https://www.suzlon.com)

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Suzlon One Earth is a LEED Platinum rated and GRIHA 5 star rated building in India. It is
100 % Renewable energy campus.From the total energy consumption 7% of it comes from 18
on-site hybrid wind turbines, solar panels and photovoltaic cells and the rest 93% comes from
off-site wind turbines. The HVAC scheme is designed innovatively combining various energy
efficient components like pre-cooling of fresh air, heat recovery/exchange mechanisms to
minimise overall energy consumption. Solar photovoltaic panels generating green power. The
orientation of the blocks is such that the majority of building facades face north, south, north-
west & south-east. This enables adequate day lighting and glare control. All workstations are
equipped with task lighting which is governed by motion sensors turning. The landscape
incorporates the principle of Xeriscape with efficient water management systems.

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 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSIONS
Sustainability is increasingly becoming a key consideration of building practitioners, policy
makers, and industry alike, since the world is moving towards zero-energy construction. When
buildings have net zero energy consumption, the effect of embodied energy and greenhouse
gas emissions become important. A green buildings can be built with different materials and
construction methods that create different cumulative carbon footprint. Renewable and eco-
friendly materials can have very low or negative carbon footprint. Therefore, the utilization
these materials , in all aspects of human existence appears to be the most effective way to
optimize the use of resources and to reduce the environmental impact associated with
mankind’s activities. Typically, the use of eco friendly and renewable energy materials results
in lower emissions and thus a lower overall environmental impact. However, to achieve
sustainable development, certain criteria within a framework of economic, environmental and
social systems must be followed.

21
 REFERENCES
1. Amany Ragheba, Hisham El-Shimyb, Ghada Raghebb (2016) Green architecture:a
concept of sustainability, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ,216 ,778 – 787.
2. AmirHosein GhaffarianHoseini ,Nur Dalilah Dahlan , Umberto Berardi , Ali
GhaffarianHoseini , Nastaran Makaremi , Mahdiar GhaffarianHoseini(2013)
Sustainable energy performances of green buildings: A review of current theories,
implementations and challenges , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 1-17 .
3. Arijit Sinha, Rakesh Gupta, Andreja Kutnar(2012) Sustainable Development and Green
Buildings ,Buildngs and Environment , 92 , 111-119
4. Dat Tien Doan , Ali Ghaffarianhoseini, Nicola Naismith, Tongrui Zhang, Amirhosein
Ghaffarianhoseini, John Tookey (2017) A critical comparison of green building rating
systems, Buildings and environment, 114, 1- 26.
5. Mohammadjavad, M., Arash, Z., Airya, N., Setareh, G., Narjes, E., (2014 ) Dilemma
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countries, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment , 3, 235–246.
6. Wenjuan Wei, Olivier Ramalho, Corinne Mandin(2015), Indoor air quality
requirements in green building certifications, Building and Environment, 92,10-19 .
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