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Definition
The genitive case (dopełniacz, in Polish) typically shows possession, similar to 's or of in English. However, is
also used to form negative sentences and with certain prepositions. As in the examples below:
Jestem matką kotków. Nie mam pieniądzy! Te kwiaty są dla mojej Jesteśmy z Korei
żony. Południowej.
(I’m the mother of the (I don’t have any money!) (These flowers are for my (We are from South
kittens.) wife.) Korea.)
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Formation
As one of the most useful cases in Polish, it is also one of the most complex. Below, you will find a general
guideline, as well as a more detailed breakdown for each gender.
Singular Plural
Masculine
Feminine Neutral Masculine Feminine Neutral
Living Nonliving
-ów / -y / -
Nouns -a -a / -u -y / -i -a - -
i
czarnych
białego wesołej kotów
Examples
czarnego samolotu kobiety czarnego dobrych wesołych czarnego
kota białego dobrej pióra lekarzy kobiet- piór-
ognia studentki białych
grudni
NB: The “ - ” symbol at the end of “kobiet” and “piór” is used for showing a final element being taken away form
the word. It is not to be used in writing.
Masculine
Living masculine
In singular, all living masculine nouns (both human and nonhuman) get the ending -a. Any
adjectives complementing them take the ending -ego.
Mianownik Dopełniacz
*Nouns are susceptible to other changes. In the case of pies, the ie portion is deleted before the
word can take case endings, including -a.
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**Adjectives whose base (word with the final -y or -i removed) ends in k or g receive the ending
-iego, rather than merely -ego:
szybkiego drogiego
Nonliving masculine
In singular, some nonliving masculine nouns get the ending -a, while other get the ending -u. In
either case, any adjectives complementing them take the ending -ego.
Mianownik Dopełniacz
-u -a
Transport samochod samochodu Names of kwiecień kwietnia
pociąg pociągu months listopad listopada
*Remember that certain nouns (of all genders) can have other changes. The examples below are all
masculine: