Department of Education

Division of City School Makati

Pitogo High School
Negros St. barangay Pitogo Makati City

Coconut Husk as Alternative Ink for Permanent Markers

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In

Research 1

Amon, Jeohn Henrico G.

Dandamun, Mahid L.
Leonor, Ma. Jamiellie B.
Tuliao, Rica Mae A.
Grade 9-Dalton

Ms. Lilibeth Lumapas

Research Adviser

November 23, 2017

 INTRODUCTION

Markers play a role in your daily life in different ways. It is made with different

colors and pigments. It is use in writing and somehow in different artworks. This

markers are made with such chemical composition. Many users of this doesn’t know

that the ink that markers have can be naturally made with a coconut husk. Coconut

husk is in direct combustion in order to make charcoal, otherwise the husk is simply

being thrown away. Coconut Husk is use in many different researches because it can

create things or substances to have lesser chemicals on it or the materials could be

naturally made. Coconut husk is consist of cellulose, lignin, gas, charcoal, tar, tannin

and potassium. While ink is made out of carbon black that can be found at the coconut

husk through its charcoal composition and it is also made of white pigments such as

titanium oxide, surfactants and lubricants. The lubricant is a substance that causes

something slippery and to move more smoothly it’s a substance such as grease or oil.

This study aims to know the effectiveness of Coconut Husk as an alternative ink

for markers. The researcher wants to know if the pigment that will be produce is stable.

Make coconut husk as a permanent marker. Provide a new alternative permanent

marker. To compare the difference between the alternative permanent marker and the

permanent marker bought in stores.

This study is encourages to give importance on the things we don’t always use to

make an alternative source of ink. This study will be beneficial to the User, This study

would be beneficial to the users of permanent markers. This study provides many

advantage to them, such as they would have more natural and cheaper way of having

ink for their permanent marker. In Agriculture, This study provides farmers and planters
an additional source of income. Also, this will increase the number of coconut trees that

is grown and planted in the Philippines. In ENVIRONMENT, This study will help to

decrease the number of coconut shells that are being wasted and thrown away by

reusing them. It will also help make use of the charcoal instead of throwing the excess

ashes after grilling instead of spreading the ashes in the air. . Lastly in STUDENTS,

students won’t have to spend a lot of money anymore just to avail refillable ink for their

school works or project. This experiment will also help them to develop new products for

ink. ENTREPRENEURS, this may be another choice for them to challenge and develop

another source of income for this and that it could encourage future entrepreneur to use

this to make a worldwide product. TEACHERS, teachers won’t have to spend much

money to avail refillable ink since they use printers most of the time to make reviewers,

letters and lesson plan. COMMUNITY, this would help the community to look for an

alternative source of ink for different things and purposes.

Coconut Husk can make activated carbon or activated charcoal powder from it

which could make as an adsorbent from basic dyes from different water-based solution.

Activated carbon is the one that absorbs the dye from the solution. Basic dyes are dyes

that are naturally produced and it is the dyes used for ribbons; it is satisfyingly tinted

when it has a bright shade but when it is washed, the dye slightly fades way. When the

dye concentration is high, therefore the dye adsorbent is also high. The adsorbent is

scanned from the gathered dye from the solution. The tests that was made by

researchers took only 60 minutes to understand what kind of dye is adsorbed. Natural

fibers such as coir fibers in coconut can possibly form glass. Glass that is said has

polypropylene which the fibers contain. Tests are made by the researchers and all of
them (sisal, kenaf, hemp, jute and coir) are said to be that it can possibly make glass.

The coir fiber showed up that it has the lowest mechanical properties among the five of

them but their impact is stronger than the jute and kenaf fibers.

Coconut Husk contains 30% coir fiber and 70% pith that are high in lignin and

phenolic content. This can make binder less board; it is a wood-based material that is

composed of lignin materials bonded without resin heat and pressure because there is

no resin on a binder less. Lignin in the plant tissue’s original thermal behavior is about

140 degrees celsius where it melts board and this is where the investigations for could

make the research fail this basic technology made a world class panels without

additional chemical binder. Coir fiber from coconut husk is the toughest kind of fiber

among the natural fibers. It could make concrete especially for the regions that

experiences earthquakes. Coconut fibers are used in plain concretes to improve its

behavior. Tests are made that CRFC with fiber length of 5cm and contains 5% fiber

contents has the best properties for this research. Coconut husk fibers/coir fibers were

damped by coconut fiber reinforce concrete (CRFC) beams that increase while

fundamental frequency decrease to make it stronger.

Indian ink will be made crazy for mostly charcoal and separate substances, like

honey, gum and water, those mixture turns into sticky that is the reason it has the

capacity to stay on for some time. In the advanced time, it is still for utilized for writing,

lettering, painting books Also comic strips, yet all the regularly utilized to work of art On

some nations for Asia and Europe. Indian ink might have been likewise utilized to

tattoos in the good country territories clinched alongside china. This might have been
utilized within the antiquated Egyptians Also Greeks. India ink may be a standout

amongst the most seasoned What's more practically tough pigments ever.

Inks need aid found over Just about each part of the human action similar to

perusing newspapers, magazines What's more books consistently. We aggravate piles

of photocopies and print a considerable measure about pages from our workstation.

Printers need been a standout amongst our essentials to our existence. Without it, we

wouldn’t have the capacity with make hard duplicates for our meets expectations.

What's more without ink, the printer will be pointless What's more we wouldn’t have the

capacity should settle on utilization out of it.

 METHODOLOGY

This chapter will focus on the procedure on how charcoal will be used as an

ingredient for printer ink. Experimental research is a collection of research designs to

determine the effects on the variable to another.

The process in making a charcoal are. First, Put charcoal to mortar and pestle

then pound. Second, Add vinegar, alcohol, cooking oil and salt. Then, Use a strainer

and pour the pounded mixture on the bowl. After that, Press the leftover particles on the

strainer. Lastly, Use the funnel and put the mixture into the empty bottle. Ingredients

that are needed to make an ink.

Coconut Husk, Alcohol, Vinegar, Salt and cooking oil. Tools that are needed to

make it are Mortar and Pestle, Empty bottle, Strainer, funnel, teaspoons, tablespoons,

bow, matchsticks and drum. The procedure in making thr charcoal are. First, Dig a hole

that fits the drum that you'll use. Second, Fill in the drum with the coconut shells and

husk. Then, Start the fire using fireballs (from cotton with alcohol) or simple create a fire

using matchsticks. After that, Put the fireballs/matchsticks on the coconut shells then

cover it. And then, leave a 4-inch hole for the smoke to flow. Lastly, open the drum after

cooling for 8 hours.

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