Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Answers to EOCQs
Chapter 3 1 B;[1]
Notes about mark schemes 5 straight line drawn from origin at zero to
show steepest gradient of curve;[1]
A or accept indicates an alternative acceptable
answer. 6 a
maximum activity / optimum pH, is pH 5;
activity gradually increases between pH 2
R = reject. This indicates a possible answer that
and pH 5, and decreases from pH 5 to pH 10;
should be rejected.
activity very low at pH 2 and pH 10; AW
; The bold semi-colon indicates the award of 1 mark. [max. 2]
/ This indicates an alternative answer for the same b pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion
mark. The alternatives may be separated from the concentration;
rest of the answer by commas. hydrogen ions are positively charged;
hydrogen ions can interact with the R groups
( ) Text in brackets is not required for the mark.
of amino acids;
Underlining This is used to indicate essential affects ionic bonding / affects ionisation of
word(s) that must be used to get the mark. R groups;
AW means ‘alternative wording’. It is used to affects tertiary structure / affects 3D shape of
indicate that a different wording is acceptable enzyme;
provided the essential meaning is the same, and is therefore substrate may not fit active site
used where students’ responses are likely to vary (as precisely); [max. 4]
more than usual. [Total: 6]
h 24
20
16
Diameter /mm
12
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Time at 60˚C /minutes
x-axis (horizontal axis) is labelled ‘Time 40 °C is a control (for reference to find out size
(heated) at 60 °C’, y-axis (vertical axis) is of halo with no denaturation);
labelled ‘Diameter’; at least five temperatures, e.g. 40, 60, 80, 100,
units given on axes, min / minutes and mm; 120 °C;
regular intervals on both axes (check that heat for suitable length of time (e.g. one
0, 1, 5, 10, 30 are not regularly spaced on hour, at least ten min);
x-axis); cool to room temp / 40 °C, add equal volumes
points plotted accurately; to wells in starch–agar plates, replicate wells
points joined with straight lines or in each plate (e.g. four), leave 24 hours,
smooth curve;[5] test for starch, measure diameters of halos;
i
enzyme was completely denatured after [max. 5]
30 minutes; Background information: amylase enzymes
rate of denaturation was rapid at first and from the bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and
then gradually slowed down; the fungus Aspergillus have been developed by
data quoted; biotechnology companies for use in industrial
enzyme loses tertiary structure; processes. For example, a bacterial amylase
substrate no longer fits into active site that functions in the range 90–110 °C has
/ active site loses its (specific) shape so been developed and is used in beer brewing
substrate does not fit; and other processes, and a fungal amylase
AVP e.g. hydrogen bonds broken / increased that operates in the range 50–60 °C is used for
vibration of enzyme molecule; [max. 4] pastry baking and maltose syrup production.
j
heat samples of mammalian, fungal and k
pH;
bacterial amylases at different temperatures; substrate concentration;
suitable range, e.g. between 40 °C and 120 °C; enzyme concentration;[3]
[Total: 30]