Presenting an efficient and easy way to wilfully extend the gate-turbine model

approximation order, therefore widens the screen of possibilities when it comes to

making hydro-generator units frequency-domain simulations as close as possible to
the actual system’s output in the frequency range under consideration (Figure 1).
The approximated gate-turbine model is in turn incorporated in the overall diagram
of the hydraulic turbine (with the governor, servomotor, and synchronous generator)
(Figure) which yet requires a proper selection of its governor control parameters
to accomplish primary frequency regulation. In the case of electro-hydraulic
governors, the PID controller is the most widely used type of controller (Figure
2).

As high as the approximation order n might be chosen, the main task is now reduced
to obtaining the coefficients of and . That is made possible in MATLAB \Simulink
using the Simulink Model Callback functions [10].
First, the transfer function block parameters are defined as two different row-
vector variables: NumCoeff and DenomCoeff, which contain respectively the
coefficients of and ranked from the lowest to the highest order coefficient.
Second, the elements of NumCoeff and DenomCoeff are passed to them from a script
through the Simulink\Model Callbacks function InitFcn or, in the case of
optimization simulation needing successive automatic model running, through
StartFcn. The Callback script now only needs the freely chosen order n inside the
Callback script and the HPP’s elastic time and water starting time as variables to
define the governor gate-opening to the turbine mechanical power transfer function.

"Forever Loving Jah"

Wo-o-o-o! Ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya! Woy-oh!

Yeah-yeah-yeah, yeah-yeah, yeah-yeah-yeah-yeah! Oh!
(We'll be forever loving Jah;
We'll be forever loving Jah!)

Some they say see them walking up the street;

They say we're going wrong to all the people we meet;
But-a we won't worry, we won't shed no tears:
We found a way to cast away the fears,
Forever, yeah!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) We'll be forever!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) Forever, yes, and forever!
(We'll be forever loving Jah) There'll be no end.

So, old man river, don't cry for me;

A-have got a running stream of love you see.
So, no matter what stages - oh stages -
Stages - stages they put us through,
We'll never be blue
No matter what rages, oh rages,
Changes - rages they put us through,
We'll never be blue:
We'll be forever, yeah!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) We'll be forever!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) Forever, and ever, yes, and forever!
(We'll be forever loving Jah) 'Cause there is no end.

'Cause only a fool lean upon -

Lean upon his own misunderstanding, oh ho, oh, yeah!
And then what has been hidden
From the wise and the prudent
Been revealed to the babe and the suckling
In everyt'ing, in every way, I say, yeah!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) We'll be forever!

(We'll be forever loving Jah)

'Cause just like a tree planted - planted by the rivers of water

That bringeth forth fruits - bringeth forth fruits in due season;
Everything in life got its purpose,
Find its reason in every season,
Forever, yeah!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) We'll be forever!

(We'll be forever loving Jah) On and on and on!
(We'll be forever loving Jah) We'll be forever, yes, yes -
we'll be forever.
(We'll be forever loving Jah)