Tomorrow’s Mobility

Sustainable Technologies for the automotive sector

Week 4 – Session 4 – Automated & Connected

Vehicles: Regulation, Testing, Homologation

Alain Piperno

Introduction

I- Homologation fundamentals
II- Regulation roadmap
III- Homologation tests

Conclusion

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Introduction
This lesson will discuss regulations, testing and homologation for automated and connected
vehicles.

I- Homologation fundamentals
Homologation, or approval, is the verification of compliance to the regulation. As discussed in the
first week, the homologation is necessary for commercialization and matriculation of vehicles. In
the homologation process, there are two types of regulations, one is technical, the other one is
legal. A regulation is usually composed of requirements and also one or two tests for validation.
The technical regulation concerns the vehicle and its technical needs, so it’s only for safety and
environmental function such as passive safety, active safety, braking, steering, lights, noise,
emissions, etc.. There are about 50 technical regulations for each type of vehicle.
The legal regulation concerns the driver and the road users. It includes rights, obligations, traffic
laws, and the responsibility of each user.
Both, technical and legal regulations are now being modified to integrate autonomous driving.
Homologation: first general
keypoints

Homologation (also named type

aproval): compliance to regulation

Regulation = technical + juridic

Concerns the vehicle and its technical

needs. Only for safety and
environmental function

Concerns the driver and the road

users. Includes rights, obligations,
traffic laws, and the responsibility of
each user.

Actually, as of today there is no technical regulation for advanced driver-assistance systems or

ADAS, automated or connected vehicles.
Legal regulation is almost ready because the Vienna Convention 2016 amendment allows persons
to use automate driving and to have other activities on board. This is of course IF the vehicle is
homologated which, as seen before, is not yet possible since the technical regulation is not ready.
This amendment has already been integrated in the German traffic law, but not yet in French traffic
law.
So, today automated vehicles are allowed only for limited experimentations.
In the meantime, official associations are created all over the world to promote and increase road
safety by providing the consumers with safety information about new vehicles sold. These
associations, like Euro NCAP, Asian NCPA or US NCPA, rate the vehicle’s safety and challenge car
manufacturers.

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 Today’s regulation

No technical Legal
regulation for regulation
ADAS almost ready

• Allowed only for limited

experimentations
• Official associations to promote and
increase road safety

II- Regulation roadmap

So, there is no regulation at the moment for automated vehicles, but what is the roadmap?
Since April 2018 there is a regulation for auto parking and driver assistance, with few tests for
driver assistance and NO test for auto park homologation.
In the middle of 2019 the first automated vehicle regulation should be released, but only for
highways and separated 2 roads. Among the main technical requirements in this regulation are:
 The automated vehicle, or AV, shall manage driving.
 The AV shall have a data recorder, respecting privacy, and helping analyses in case of
accident ;
There are also other requirements that need to be detailed like:
 The AV shall be able to evaluate the state of the driver or
 The AV shall alert the driver and allow him 4 or 8 seconds to come back to driving if the
vehicle needs him; if the driver does not come back to driving the AV shall make an
automatic minimum risk maneuver.
Some features like Advanced Emergency Braking AEB, Lane Departure Warning LDW and intelligent
speed adaptation have proved to be effective to save lives, so the European Union wants to make
them mandatory for all vehicles in 2021.
Regulation Roadmap

APRIL 2018
Regulation for auto
2021
parking and driver assistance
• AEB: Advanced Emergency
Braking
• LWD: Lane Departure Warning
• Intelligent speed adaptation
MIDDLE OF 2019
The first automated vehicle
regulation should be released
• AV shall manage driving
• AV shall have a data recorder
• AV shall be able to evaluate the state
of the driver
• The AV shall alert the driver

Other regulations will come after 2020, like for shuttles and taxis robots, for city and road
autonomous driving, but the technology is not totally ready now.

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And finally, there is cyber security. An ISO standard will be published, first draft, by the end of 2018,
and it will probably be the reference for the regulation.
Regulation Roadmap

After 2020
• For shuttles and taxis robots
• For city and road autonomous driving

END OF 2018
ISO standard to be published
• probably be the reference for the regulation

III- Homologation tests

Homologation tests will have 8 to 10 tests. This level is the first, so it’s also the minimum and it’s
mandatory. Additionally, about 50 other tests are planned by Euro NCAP.
It is important to know that, even if homologated, the car manufacturer stays responsible for any
accident. This is why it is important for car manufacturers to have a maximum of tests for validation
and safety. Maybe thousands of tests will be needed. The challenge is still ahead.
Tests on open roads are necessary, but they can’t test critical and dangerous situations, and they
can’t be precisely measurable and repeatable. So, tests on private testing roads are essential. Only
precise tests will measure what is the contribution of the different connectivity technologies to
automated vehicle’s safety.
Human factor and human-machine-interface are critical and need to be tested. In this area, for
instance VEDECOM developed an original prototype to measure human reaction in real
autonomous driving situations with different human-machine-interfaces.
Additionally, there are simulations. Simulations are necessary because there are too many
scenarios. It is expensive and sometimes too dangerous to be all tested.

Testing needs

• First level – 8 to 10 tests Open road tests

• Second level – 50 other tests planned
by:
Contribution of the different
connectivity technologies
• Third level – >100 tests for car
manufacturers needs
Human Factor & HMI tests

Virtual tests & simulations

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A lot of things are still needed in the homologation area like new testing grounds, but it is not
enough.
Tests must be precise, repeatable and precisely measurable, so expensive and complex equipment
and skills are needed : robots for pedals or steering wheels, localization, synchronization, but also
official moving targets like vehicles, pedestrian or bicycles.
Vehicle test laboratories need quality labels like in the case of food or medication.
Finally, human skills are also necessary to define and realize the tests, the scenarios, to bring
expertise in regulation, for research and new technologies.
Testing solutions

New testing grounds Testing equipments & targets Testing quality & Accreditations

Human skills / experts

• Testing
• Scenarios , accidentology
• Regulation , Euro NCAP
• R&D , POC , techno
• Simulation

Conclusion
To sum up, the important points to remember regarding homologation are:
 The homologation is the process that brings cars to the market. It is composed of technical
and legal regulations.
 Legal regulation is ready, but as of today, there is no technical regulation for advanced
autonomous vehicles. The very first regulations will probably come in the middle of 2019.
 Homologation tests need to be precise and repeatable. The specific needs for the test and
the incredible amount of scenarios makes it impossible to test them all.

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