ABSTRACT

Although immense changes occurred in the Egyptian built environment, given

products didn't consider occupants' changing needs and activities as well as
changing environmental conditions. The research aimed to present non-
traditional solutions in order to create environments able to respond, adapt
and interact in motional behaviours.

Upon the belief that the fundamental knowledge of Kinetic Architecture can
better assist architects to acquaint the need to enroll motion in the built
environment; the dissertation first presents different definitions for the term
Kinetic Architecture. Next, it historically reviews the use of kineticism in the
architectural field since the old ages until present. Also, it describes different
trends to apply kineticism in the architectural environment accompanied with
explanatory examples.

The technological achievement in different divisions of engineering such as

structural, mechanical and materials engineering as well as information and
communication technologies has an enormous effect on kinetic design. As a
result, the second part of the dissertation is dedicated to kinetic design
process defining its main elements from structural innovation and materials
advancement to embedded computation and at last adaptive architecture.

The research carries on an analytical study by highlighting fifteen

architectural project adapting kineticism. The study is based on the different
elements affecting the kinetic design process. The evaluating criteria include
the way and reason for involving kineticism as well as the effect it has upon
the indoor environment and the visual quality.

Finally, the dissertation ends with concluding the effect of using kineticism in
the architectural field. And, it suggests some systems to be applied to the
Indian environment. Recommendations for further studies are represented to
enrich applying the theory.

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LIST OF FIGURES

- Figure 01: Diagram shows kinetic structures typologies (Fox, N/D).

- Figure 02: (a) The Muscles Tower while activated (Detwiler, 2006). (b)The
Carlos Moseley Music Pavilion while being transported to its location and
being assembled (Mota, 2007).

- Figure 03: (a) Two of the modular units of the Flare-façade system and their
control mechanism (WHITEvoid, N/D). (b) A paper model for the Flare-façade
system (WHITEvoid, N/D).

- Figure 04: The Kuwait Pavilion for Expo 92 while changing from closed
state to opened one (Hawarny, 2008, P. 30).

- Figure 05: An external view for Institut du Monde Arabe (WikiArquitectura,

2010).

- Figure 06: (a) The Mashrabiya diaphragm used at Institut du Monde Arabe
(Osmers, 2007). (b) Mashrabiya unit sketch (Prisse d’Avennes,
2007, P. 137). (c) Mashrabiya used in a Ottoman residential building near
Khan El-Khalili, Cairo, Egypt (a.allegretti, 2012).

- Figure 07: An external view for the flat southern façade of Institut du Monde
Arabe shows the "Mashrabiya Diaphragms" that were used (IMA, 2001).

- Figure 08: (a) A view for a group of the mashrabiya diaphragms while
functioning (eliinbar, 2011). (b) A detail of the medium sized diaphragm
(moreAEdesign, 2010). (c) A detail of small diaphragms (moreAEdesign,
2010).

- Figure 09: A diagram showing reason for installing mashrabiya diaphragms

on the southern façade (Yucel, 1989, P. 92).

- Figure 10: An external view for GucklHupf while being opened (de la Torre,
N/D).

- Figure 11: The GucklHupf plans where the red colored rectangular is the
main area while the other parts are those being opened, slided or folded (de
la Torre, N/D).

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- Figure 12: The GucklHupf section where the red color indicates the
accurate area when the structure is closed. Also this section shows the four
different levels inside the structure (Ballard Bell, 2006, P. 125).

- Figure 13: Transformation in GucklHupf starting from the closed state

(Olson, 2009).

- Figure 14: An external view for the Naked House (ShigeruBanArchitects,

N/D).

- Figure 15: (a) A 3D modeling for the Naked House showing the rectangular
open space, the permanent installations as well as the movable rooms
(boxes) (Unité-derelogement, 2012). (b) An interior view for the half-height
wall separating the wardrobes as well as the bathroom from the rest of the
open space (Jeska, 2008, P. 73).

- Figure 16: Interior views of the Naked House (van Poucke, 2011). (a) A
view for mobile units when attached to each other. (b) A view for mobile units
arranged separately.

- Figure 17: (a) A section through the main double height open space
(Bradbury, 2005, P. 185). (b) An isometric for the Naked House showing
different layer of the building's skin as well as different components
(Bradbury, 2005, P. 181).

- Figure 18: (a) Different arrangements for the mobile room units (Guzowski,
2007,

- Figure 19: An external view for the Milwaukee Art Museum – Quadracci
Pavilion (Smith, 2007).

- Figure 20: (a) A water color sketch featuring the Quadracci Pavilion
(CALATRAVA, N/D-a). (b) A water color sketch featuring the pedestrian
bridge (CALATRAVA, N/D-a).

- Figure 21: The Burke Brise Soleil, the moveable wings of the museum
ranging in motion from totally closed to completely opened (CALATRAVA,
N/D-a).

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- Figure 22: (a) An interior view of the structural frame of the parabolic-
shaped skylight in the Quadracci Pavilion (CALATRAVA, N/D-a). (b) The
arched promenade at the Quadracci Pavilion (CALATRAVA, N/D-a). (c) The
unique shapes of the arched support concrete structures (solaripedia, N/D-b).

- Figure 23: An external view for the Gemini Haus (Salzburg.ORF.at, 2012)

- Figure 24: Center of the house were all exhaust, supply air and waste
water are fed into (PEGE, 2001).

- Figure 25: Panoramic views for the ground floor and the first floor (PEGE,
2001). 70 - Figure 59: (a) Utility lines that are transferred to the rotating
house through the firm basement (PEGE, 2001). (b) Glass and aluminum
fixes (van Poucke, 2008a). (c) Vertical solar panels attached to the house
(Lenardic, N/D).

- Figure 26: (a) A detail for connection between dynamic solar panels and the
structure (PEGE, 2001). (b) A detail for the track on which the house moves
(PEGE, 2001).

- Figure 27: An external view for Dragspelhuset (24H<architecture, N/D).

- Figure 28: (a) A view for the cabin while the retractable cantilever is pushed
in (Park, 2007, P. 60). (b) A view for the cabin while the retractable cantilever
is pushed out (Park, 2007, P. 60).

- Figure 29: Dragspelhuset plan (Park, 2007, P. 67). (a) Plan drawing for the
extension where the orange color indicates the area of extension when the
retractable cantilever is pushed in. (b) Plan drawing for the extension where
the red color indicates the added area after pushing the retractable cantilever
out.

- Figure 30: A section showing the extension while the retractable cantilever
is pushed in creating a double skin (Park, 2007, P. 67).

- Figure 31: A section showing the extension while the retractable cantilever
is pushed out over the stream (Park, 2007, P. 67)P. 2). (b) A close view for
the moveable units (Stang, 2005, P. 89).

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- Figure 32: The red cedar wood used for the exterior cladding (Zeisser,
2007, P. 12), (Park, 2007, P. 59).

- Figure 33: The reindeer hides covering the interior of the retractable
cantilever (Park, 2007, P. 66).

- Figure 34: An exterior view for the Leaf Chapel glowing at night
(KleinDytham|architecture, N/D).

- Figure 35: A plan drawing for the Leaf Chapel showing the components
creating the chapel which are the chapel great hall, corridor and storage (A.
Pearson, 2005, P. 244).

- Figure 36: (a) The Leaf Chapel when in the closed state
(KleinDytham|architecture, N/D). (b) The Leaf Chapel when in the opened
state by the end of the wedding ceremony (KleinDytham|architecture, N/D).

- Figure 37: (a) An interior view showing the black granite used for flooring as
well as the black wooden pews with clear acrylic backrest
(KleinDytham|architecture, N/D). (b) A detail for the lace patterns on the
movable leaf (KleinDytham|architecture, N/D).

- Figure 38: (a) A section drawing through the Leaf Chapel showing how the
chapel was tucked into the ground (Mr.Jacobsen, 2012). (b) An exterior view
for the Leaf Chapel featuring the sloping site where the chapel was located
(Mr.Jacobsen, 2012).

- Figure 39: The Shanghai QiZhong Forest Sports City Tennis Centre (corus,
2006, P. 24,25).

- Figure 40: A view for the stadium while its roof petals are open presenting a
flower (TheTennisStory, 2011).

- Figure 41: A plan showing different components and seating area for
QiZhong Forest Sports City Tennis Centre (ShanghaiCulturalInformation,
N/D).

- Figure 42: (a) A drawing for the stadium roof while in a close state. (b) A
drawing for the stadium roof while in an open state.

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- Figure 43: The QiZhong Forest Sports City Tennis Center dynamic roof
(van Poucke, 2008b). (a) A close view for the roof petals while they are
closed. (b) A close view for the roof petals while they are being opened.

- Figure 44: An exterior view for the Kiefer Technic Showroom (Deisenberger,
2009, P. 21).

- Figure 45: Kiefer Technic Showroom floor plans

(ErnstGiselbrecht+PartnerZTGmbH, N/D). (a) The ground floor plan where
the red color marks the kinetic façade. (b) The upper floor plan where the red
color marks the kinetic façade.

- Figure 46: Different positions for the aluminum panels giving the façade a
variety of appearance (WorldBuildingsDirectoryOnlineDatabase, N/D).

- Figure 47: A close view for the moveable aluminum panels showing the
guide rails they move on (WorldBuildingsDirectoryOnlineDatabase, N/D).

- Figure 48: A drawing shows different positions for the aluminum moveable
panels presenting the relation between solid and void where the grey color
presents so

- Figure 49: An exterior view for the Sliding House (dRMM, N/D).

- Figure 50: An isometric showing the different parts creating the building
(dRMM, N/D).

- Figure 51: Plans for the sliding house while the red color presents the
sliding part once while closed and the other while completely open (Russell,
2010). (a) The ground floor plan for the Sliding House. (b) The first floor plan
floor the Sliding House.

- Figure 52: An isometric drawing showing different positions for the

moveable (dRMM, N/D).

- Figure 53: (a) A view for the sliding exterior skin while creating an extra
sunshade for the terrace (Russell, 2010). (b) Different views for the sliding
exterior skin creating different enclosure between the three forms creating
the house, and while leaving the courtyard exposed to the sky (Waite, 2009).

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- Figure 54: (a) A detailed section drawing for the glass form while it is closed
by the moveable roof/wall structure and while it is opened to the surrounding
by sliding the moveable roof/wall structure away (dRMM, N/D). (b) Views for
the sliding exterior shell once when closed and the other when completely
open (Russell, 2010).

- Figure 55: Different exterior views for the house while the moveable
structure in different positions (Elite-Choice, 2009).

- Figure 56: An external view for the Olympic Tennis from north across the
Manzanares River Center (Riley, 2005, P. 118)

- Figure 57: Perspective for the "Magic Box" showing the movable lids
covering the three courts while closed and opened (Riley, 2005, P. 120).

- Figure 58: A plan drawing showing the Olympic Tennis Center main
components (Riley, 2005, P. 116).

- Figure 59: A drawing to show the different 27 opening positions for the three
lids covering the courts (Jordana, 2012).

- Figure 60: A close view for a hydraulic jack (van Poucke, 2010).

- Figure 61: An external view for the Cherokee Studios Lofts

(Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 62: Different residential units that vary from loft flats to tri-level units
and tow-homes (Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 63: Different views for the operable aluminum panels

(Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 64: A diagram showing reason for installing a kinetic skin

(Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 65: (a) Close view of the perforated anodized aluminum

panels(Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D). (b) Detailed view for the operable
skin (Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D).

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- Figure 66: A study showing the relation between solid and void through
different stages starting from all panels are close till reaching the stage when
all panels are opened.lid

- Figure 67: A perspective for the exterior of The World Trade Center
Transportation Hub (WorldTradeCenter, N/D).

- Figure 68: (a) A sketch for a child releasing a dove into the sky which is the
inspiration of the designed building (CALATRAVA, N/D-b). (b) An exterior
perspective for the WTC Transportation Hub appears as a flying bird
(CALATRAVA, N/D-b).

- Figure 69: A section for the WTC Transportation Hub (W. Dunlap, 2005).

- Figure 70: Section drawing showing the steel ribs that were supposed to
move as well as the lightening system (Yee, 2007, P. 63). (b) Interior
prespective views for the main hall while the top is closed and opened
(LowerManhattanConstructionCommandCenter, N/D).

- Figure 71: A perspective for the Dynamic Tower (DynamicArchitecture,

N/D). 105

- Figure 72: (a) Drawing representing the installation of wind turbines and the
way they are involved in the design concept (DynamicArchitecture, N/D). (b)
Drawing representing the use of solar panels on top of each rotating floor
(DynamicArchitecture, N/D)

- Figure 73: Dynamic Tower floor plans (DynamicArchitecture, N/D). (a) Plan
drawing for the villas which are located on the top 10 floors. (b) Plan drawing
for the hotel unites which is located on the first lower 20 floors.

- Figure 74: Drawing presenting the technical system will be used to

construct the tower (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 75: Drawings representing natural ventilation as well as sunlight

filtering (DynamicArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 76: Different views for the Dynamic Tower while in motion (Cherry,
2010, P. 36)

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- Figure 77: Structure systems used for analyzed buildings.

- Figure 78: Share of materials used among the studied projects.

- Figure 79: Different architectural environments in which kinetics were used.

- Figure 80: Types of kineticism used in buildings under study, such as: (a)
Institut du Monde Arabe – 1987 (eliinbar, 2011). (b) The Naked House –
2000 (Stang, 2005, P. 89). (c) The Olympic Tennis Center – 2009
(DominiquePerraultArchitecture, N/D). (d) The Leaf Chapel – 2004 (Picasa,
2009). (e) The Sliding House – 2009 (Meunier, 2012). (f) The Dynamic Tower
(DynamicArchitecture, N/D).

- Figure 81: Ways kinetics were installed in buildings.

- Figure 82: Reasons for using kinetics, such as: (a) Institut du Monde Arabe
– 1987 (Dumas, 2009). (b) GucklHupf – 1993 (Olson, 2009). (c) Maison à
Bordeaux – 1998 (OMA, N/D). (d) The Naked House – 2000 (van Poucke,
2011). (e) Magnolia Stadium – 2005 (TheChicagoAthenaeum, 2007). (f) The
Leaf Chapel – 2004 (IaaC, 2010). (g) Cherokee Studios Lofts – 2010
(Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D). (h) Dynamic Tower (DynamicArchitecture,
N/D).

- Figure 83: Reasons in which kinetic systems are applied.

- Figure 84: Relation between structure systems and materials share

- Figure 85: Relation between different architectural environments and the

reason kinetics are used.

- Figure 86: Effect of using kinetic systems on buildings' visual quality. (a)
Dragspelhuset – 2004 (HomesAndInterorDesign, N/D). (b) The Dynamic
Tower (Cherry, 2010, P. 36). (c) QiZhong Forest Sports City Tennis Center –
2005 (IaaC, 2010). (d) The World Trade Center Transportation Hub – 2014
(CALATRAVA, N/D-b).

- Figure 87: (a) The dynamic façade of the Kiefer Technic Showroom
(WorldBuildingsDirectoryOnlineDatabase, N/D). (b) The movable solar
panels attached to the exterior of Gemini Haus (Lenardic, N/D). (c) The
FLARE-façade system (WHITEvoid, N/D).

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- Figure 88: (a) The aluminum panels used for the Wind Veil (beautrincia,
2008). (b) The perforated aluminum panels used for the Cherokee Studios
Lofts (Brooks+ScarpArchitecture, N/D). (c) The Mashrabiya Diaphragms
used for the Institut du Monde Arabe (eliinbar, 2011).

- Figure 89: (a) The Bloomframe (HurksGeveltechniek, N/D). (b) The

Dragspelhuset (24H<architecture, N/D). (c) The GucklHupf (Olson, 2009)

LIST OF TABLES

- Table 1: Kinetic Design Key Elements.

- Table 2: Analyzed architectural projects