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    electrical basic

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    electrical basic

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    JPG 2 PDF

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    electrical basic

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    4 = 5,85 -0.975(24 1 = 24 + 351= 5.914 STEP Using loop “aber Es-Ta(G #R,)-15R, 20 12-205,-2,20 am 1,=5.85-0.9751, z —__titwot une Theorems STEP2 Assume source vag Eto supply the en By inspection: (Refer to the currer Given circuit and compare it to the directions of the currents when each sources operate alone) 6 4 -74_.4054a R, 0.592 By COT: 4,04) 4054(04) Solving for kx: = =0795A 1, = 0.795 + 0.397= LISA 20+04 20.4 ee «trical Engineering Pocket Reviewer by R. Rojas I Nodal Node Method Using this method, a circuit with “n” nodes, has a solution with only nk Note Since there are three nodes (nodes A, B and C) in this Circuit, therefore only two equations are needed to solve this problem. By KCL at node A ‘ “n= 1” number of equations needed, ——tererk Lame Timers 63 Note: Node voltages Vand Ve are eval fs are evaluated substitutions of the equations formats a anes correspondingly, currents flowing trough aac resistances can be solved. a GSE (EE Beara Apri 2000) ‘A 12'V battery of 0.1 ohm internal resistance and another of 0.15 ohm internal resistance are connected in parallel to supply power to a 10 ohm resistance, Whats the power drawn by the load resistance? ‘Apply KCL at junction A: tha) sstor be terminal be connected be Carre Of 8 ar seS been gy iFFer en OUI the resieten' te Fesutting ny MO erence Ey (SSS the Neen the two p he Potent and the sum Paints prior to eal INCE Ry (resicga oF the values of tre sstred in the two pores KS BACK In the net ti WO Points prior to the te the netwoy ne connected resistancqrn® © the Connection) ang a Named after the F; Tench telegraph engine Charles Leon Thevenin (19s ongnee 1926) Rememner: 2B. Alinear circuit or etwas one whose g parameters are contant Le, do sot Ciange wth voltage and curent Ey open cic votage measured sos terminals KB ‘= esstance mewsured a terminal AGB prt the ‘connection of wth al voltage sources shorted al crent sources opened. load resistance connected to terminals AEB ‘= caren drawn by the lad resistance R LEE Board October 1996] The lead storagé batteries A and B are connected In parallel. Battery A has an open circutt voltage of 12.6 V and an intemal resistance of 0.2 ohm. Battery 8 has an ‘open circuit voltage of 12.2 V and an internal resistance of 0.3 ohm. If the two batteries together delivers power toa 0.5 ohm power resistor. Neglecting effects of ‘temperature, how much current is contributed by battery A? =. e020) ereiae R050 STEP 1 : Open circuit ry, and solve for the voltage acros the open circuited terminals. 8 sy & + ae R050 vce Rewer js exe xen se = fy, 322 015.254 03405 ‘only kw at oop “abe Ey EIR =O 4 (5.2540.9)0 meh €,= 4975 cut all independer rer 2: Open crak start. creut al independent STEr 2 sons and save te equivalent resistance ‘Scross terminals & and B. i Pein ‘STEP 3 Construct the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit and | af Es 4.975 Rott 01875 +0 2 Named after the American enginee a eo E.L Norton meeapeicon Norton's equivalent circu: His ering Pocket Reviewer by R. ig zretfoing XPS feria ng f daconmected ty aconne gored at terials ASB pri reste me eh all Oa SOUrCMS hy comec un red ang rected fo terminals AB EE Board October 1996) eres A and B are connected p= as an open circu voltage of ay tance of 0.2 ohm. Battery Bhaggel # 12.2 V and an internal atteries together delivers powge toa 05 ohm power resistor. Neglecting effects oft sm perature, how much current is contributed by battery A? a | [raza] n=030 t "| a ae - f ‘Short circuit r, and solve the short circuit Tent that flows towards the short circuited branch 122 __________evst tam teens a9 ‘apply KVL at loop “fabeder Ey ate -Ex=0 42.6 - 0.31y-12.2=0 1,2 1334 ‘apply KVL at loop “dcbed”: Ey + Tafa“ RL= 0 12.2 + 0.3(1.33) - 051 1, = 25.198 A Apply KCL at node Tye = Tg + fy 1.33 + 25.198 gc = 26.528 A STEP 2 : Open circuit ry short circuit all independent voltage sources and solve the equivalent resistance (Re) across terminals A and B. a 8 ee 52__ deste Engineering Pott Reva R PLR ha STEP 3 : Construct the Norton's equi. solve the resulting current em cha w a) Millman's Theorem When any number of voltage sources of arbitrary generated voltzge and finite internal resistance fre from zero are connected in parallel, the resulting voltage across the parallel combination is the ratio ofthe algebraic sum of the currents that each source individually delivers when short circuited to the algebra ‘Sum of the internal conductance, Millman’s equivalent circuit: AE = entof the exch vohage sources coneced i ces = eral stance of be exch ge Sure ‘Wa eta rss the parle conbnaton V5 equi it and solve STEP 1 : Draw the Millman's equivalent circu for Vas EiectilEngnerog Pocket Rvionr by ——— 5 | ate s. il SPF : ‘Source Transformation Method thot of meshes in the simplifies the number te, is meg thus spies the Number fest peed STEP 2; Refer tothe original circuit, solve rent Source 1B. from Voltage Source to Cut rly hag [= from Current Source to Voltage Source 1 ‘=> \ a | Sampte Problem: Problem: [gape] April 2003) a Two 24 volt batteries supply power to a 20 ohm load: The internal resistance is0 of one is 0.2 ohm while the other “4 ohm. What's the voltage across the load? procs eek paranentote ag Tropa Post KVL using he aren OP ivection a5 : shor ‘Maximum Power Transfer Theorem ximur power transferred 0% joad resistor ocours Manian te sai esto F252 oS “equal to the ont race (Ra) of Bre network HD ack from the food terminals eosin From the gen network 8 0 sown, Geterie whe VAIVE From Hat wil absorbed reximiam Powe! 17a es 1a STEP 2: Transform the curent source toits equivalent voltage source. : 714) = 13.7120 step 1: Open cicuttresstor R206 solve the value of Ro ; Step ne open aru terminals. Me voltage Source 1S ze ported wile the current SOUT opened. 17040. i “a fi a > a , =R ~ for maximum power transfer Note Ifthe conesponding current or power drawn by resi Ris tbe sve, use Thevenn’ theorem to solve ge problem &? 4R, REET | board Orober 1990) A lead storage battery is rated reisance a2 Oks the nal canbe devered tah ngs 8 UM Power tha oo1n (127 40.01) Prax = 3600 watts First law of electrostatics: Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. ‘Second law of electrostatics: ‘The force of attraction or repulsion between charges is directly proportional to the product of ‘two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, 4 = distance between the two bodies (meter) free space constant in SI units equal to 9.x 10° Gin ___ Beato, Electrostatic Potential potential is the electric potential resulting of charged bodies in the vicinity a 4 4n2 Ed 17s electrostaie potential (vol ata distance of (meter) irom a charge body of charge Q(coulom) free space constant in Stunts equal to 92 10° 0 has a charge of 16x 10° co coulomb, Eo _ An isolated positive point charge of 210°® coulombs is in free space. How far away must the charge be in order to produce an electric potential of 120 volts? Board October 1997 on at eta oc af ‘he (3) rams on enh oe ame value, what is be ete at is the Value of each (9x10? )(2x10"* ) 120 mgy@j? k Electric Field Intensity Electric field intensity is the force per unit positive charge that will act at a point in the field on a very small = 98temyst test charge placed at thiat location. eae Q= 99 statc Note: For 6S uni, g 0c ngnning Pct Reviewer by Ras Becrosutes 44 \ —Bstowiates 64 electric field intensity created by an isolated, ‘charged long cylindsical wire in free const 2 Electric field intensity near an isolateq Pol charge ‘ 3 = charge pr unt of length (culomb per meter

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