The term telecommunication means communication at a distance.

The word data refers to information

presented in whatever form, is agreed upon the parties creating and using the data (When you establish a
session e.g. when you call someone, you follow certain steps like greeting them, asking about their health etc,
similarly when we establish a network session there are certain rules that must be followed , if the media is
mismatched, maximum data cannot be transferred, eg. When sender’s data rate is 100mb and receiver’s data
rate is 10mb), data communication are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of
transmission medium such as a wire cable.

Five components of data communication:

Sender

Receiver

Medium

Message

Protocol

Protocol (of the sender and the receiver) must be same for data communication.

Data Flow
Simplex:

One way communication, you can only send data

but you cannot receive data.

Half Duplex:

Two way communication, you can send or receive

data, but not at the same time.

Full Duplex:

Two way communication, you can send or receive

data, both at the same time.

Network:

1st def: Combination of two or more computers that share the resources (data, software, hardware).
2nd def: A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A
node can be computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated
by other nodes on the network.
Formula to calculate number of connected links in mesh topology

K=k(k-1)/2 where k=number of nodes

Internet:

Combination of public networks.

Intranet:

Combination of private networks.