ENGLISH

Assignment title:
Verb (transitive intransitive),
adjective and article
Submitted by:
Group 1
Submitted to:
Prof. kaleem Ullah
Ingredients of group:
1: Ali jawad 5: M. Irfan
2: M. Awais 6: M. Yar Shah
3: M. Umair 7: M. Zee Shan
4: Salman Ashraf
 Adjective
Definition:
Adjective is a word used with a noun to add something to its meaning.
Examples:
➢ Nabil is a clever boy.
➢ The boy is lazy.
➢ He gave me five mangos.
In these three sentences the underlined words are the
adjectives.
kinds of adjective:
The adjective may be divided into following classes.
1) Adjective of quality:
The adjective which shows the quality or kind of
person or thing is called adjective of quality.
Examples:
➢ He is a brave man.
➢ Majid is a lazy boy.
➢ Ali is an honest man.
In these examples the underlined words are adjective of quality.
2) Adjective of quantity:
the adjective which shows the quantity of a thing or
person is called adjective of quantity.
Examples:
➢ I ate some rice.
➢ He showed much patience.
➢ He has little intelligence.
➢ You have no sense.
In these sentences the underlined words are adjectives of quantity.
Adjective of number:
The adjective which shows how many persons paces or things are
meant or in what order a person or thing stands for is called numeral
adjective.
Examples:
 ➢ The hand has five fingers.
➢ Few cats like cold water.
➢ There are no pictures in this book.
➢ He got first position in the class.
In these sentences the underlined words are numeral adjectives.
Numeral adjectives contain three types:
1) Definite numeral adjective:
The adjective which donates an exact number is called definite numeral
adjective.
It has two sub types:
1) Ordinals: first, second, third etc. are called ordinals
2) Cardinals: one, two, three etc. are called cardinals.
2) Indefinite numeral adjective:
The adjective which do not have exact number is called indefinite numeral
adjective.
All, no, many, few, some, any, contain and several etc. are examples.
3) Distributive numeral adjective:
The adjective which refers to each number of adjective is called
distributive numeral adjective.
Examples:
➢ Each boy must take his turn.
➢ Every word of it is false.
➢ Neither accusation is true.
The underlined words are distributive numeral adjectives.
3) Demonstrative adjective:
The adjective which point out which person place or thing is meant is
called distributive adjective.
Examples:
➢ This boy is stronger than Aslam.
➢ I hate such things.
➢ That boy is industrious.
The underlined words are demonstrative adjectives.
4) Interrogative adjectives:
What, which, whose, when they noun to ask questions are called
interrogative adjectives.
➢ What manner of man is he?
 ➢ Which way shall we go?
➢ Whose book is this.
The underlined words are interrogative adjectives.
some tricky adjectives:
many much:
use much with collective nouns, and singular nouns.
Use many with plural nouns.
Examples:
Many people had collected outside.
There was much cheering and singing.
Few, a few:
A few represent a positive quantity but it can only be used with
countable nouns. The word few represents a negative quantity or shortage.
Examples:
Ali has a few friends. (some)
Ali has few friends. (not anyone)
Farther, further:
Farther is used for distance.
Further implies a metaphorical advancement.
Examples:
How much farther is amusement park?
Further topics will be discussed in next week.

Article:
Definition.
The word “a” or “an” and “the” are called articles. They come before
nouns. They are also called determiners.

Kinds:
1) Indefinite article:
“A” or “an” is called indefinite article. Because it leaves indefinite the
person or place spoken of.
It is used before singular countable nouns.
Examples:
A book, an orange a girl.
 ➢ The choice between “a” and “an” determined by sound. Before
a word used with vowel sound uses “an” before noun.
Examples:
An ass, an enemy, an inkpad, an hour an honest.
➢ It will be noticed that the words hour, honest begin with a
vowel sound as the initial consonant is not pronounced.
➢ Before a word beginning with consonant sound uses a is used.
Examples:
A boy, a woman, a hole, a university, a European etc.
2) Definite article:
The is called definite article. Because it normally points out
some particular person or thing. It is used before singular countable
nouns, plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
Examples:
The book, the books, the milk.

Verb:
Definition:
A verb is part of speech that describes an action or occurrence or
state of being. There are two main classes of verb.
1) Main verb:
The verbs which are not dependent on other verbs are called main
verbs. E.g. eat, write, launch etc.
2) Auxiliary verbs:
The small close class of auxiliary verbs also called helping verbs.
There are two subtypes of auxiliaries.
Primary auxiliaries: be, have and do which can also act as main verbs.
Secondary auxiliaries: they are also called modal auxiliaries e.g. can
could, may, might, ought, shall, should, is, are, am etc.
Verb and verb phrases usually function as predicates. They can
display differences in tense, mood, aspect, number and voice.
Transitive verb:
Some verbs always need an object. These are called transitive
verbs. We do not need preposition after these words. We can make passive voice
of sentence in which transitive verbs are used. Verbs which are commonly used
transitively are ask, describe, get, need, raise, buy, watch etc.
 Examples:
➢ Did you enjoy the movie?
➢ Norma pushed the button.
➢ They could not manage without me.
➢ In the delirium of his death struggles he kept claiming his
innocence.
➢ The sun and moon raise tides on the earth.
➢ I cannot find her name on the list.

Intransitive verbs:
Some verbs never have an object. These are called intransitive verbs.
We need preposition after these verbs. We cannot make
passive voice of these sentences in which intransitive verbs are used. Verbs which
are commonly used intransitively.
Appear, die, lie, sneeze, arrive, disappear, live etc.
Examples:
➢ Hina looked upset.
➢ They had died on the same day.
➢ Did it rain last night?
➢ The woman was sitting on the daybed.
➢ The chief of the police appeared on the scene.
Some tricky verbs:
Set, sit:
Set is usually a transitive verb.
E.g.
➢ He set a vase of flowers on the table.
Sit is an intransitive verb.
E.g.
➢ Do not sit on the floor.
Raise, rise:
Raise is transitive verb.
E.g.
➢ He raised the window and leaned out.
Rise is an intransitive verb.
E.g.
➢ The aircraft slowly raised in the air.
Reach, arrive:
Reach is transitive verb.
E.g.
➢ We hoped to reach the camp before dark.
Arrive is intransitive verb.
E.g.
➢ The train arrived at 6 o” clock.