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HOME R'S I L I AD,
BOOKS XXI & XXII.
TRAAWSLA TED INTO LITERAL EAVGLISA.
By A GRADUATE,
(First Class Classical Honours).
CAMBRIDGE –J. HALL AND SON;

LoNDoN –simpkin, MARSHALL & Co.; HAMILTON, & Co.
AND G. BELL & Sons.
1884.
PRICE EIGHTEENPENCE,
HOMER'S ILIAD,
LIBS. XXI. & XXII.
O M H POY IA IA AOx
LIBS. XXI. & XXII.
TRANS LA TED INTO LITERA L ENGLISH.
By A GRADUATE,
(First Class Classical Honours).
CAMBRIDGE –J. HALL AND SON;

LONDON :—SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & Co.; HAMILTON, & Co.
AND G. BELL & SONS.
1884.
KD | 3 | S <
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
iſ B RARY
APR 28 1964
272
HOME R'S I L IA D,
BOOK XXI.
How Achilles fought with the River, and chased the men of
Troy within their gates. º
BUT when they had reached the ford of the beautifully

flowing river, the eddying Xanthus, whom immortal Zeus
begat; there having split them into two parts, he chased the
one through the plain towards the city, by the way that
the Achaeans on the preceding day had fled scared, when
glorious Hector raged. By that way were they pouring forth
panic-stricken; but Hera spread a dense cloud before them, to
check them : but [the other] half were being crowded together
at the deep-streamed silver-eddying river. And they fell in
with a great splash ; and the deep streams sounded, and the
banks all round echoed loudly, but they, with clamour, swam
here and there, whirled about among the eddies. As when
locusts, driven by the force of fire, fly about the air, to escape
to a river, but the indefatigable fire, suddenly rising, blazes,
and they cower in fear under the water; so, by Achilles, was
the noisy stream of deep-eddying Xanthus filled with horses
and men mingled together. But the Zeus-born [hero] left his
spear there upon the banks, leaning against some tamarisks;
and he leaped in, like a god, having only his sword, and medi
tated evil deeds in his mind. And he smote on all sides, and a
grievous lamentation arose of those who were being struck by
his sword and the water was reddened with blood. And, as
when the other fish, put to flight by a large-bellied dolphin,
fill the recesses of a safe-anchoring harbour, frightened ; for
he surely devours whomsoever he may catch ; so the Trojans
were cowering under rocks along the streams of the terrible
river. But he, when he was wearied as to his hands with
slaying, chose twelve youths alive out of the river, as a penalty
for the death of Patroclus, son of Menoetius. These he led
out [of the river], terrified, like fawns. And he bound their
hands behind them with well-cut straps, which they themselves
wore upon their twisted tunics; and gave them to his com
panions to lead them down to the hollow ships. But he
rushed back again, eager to slay.
A.
2 ILIAD XXI. 34–74
Then did he encounter the son of Dardanid Priam,

Lycaon, while fleeing from the river, whom he himself had
formerly led away, taking him unwilling from his father's farm,
having gone out by night : but he, with the sharp brass, was
trimming a wild fig-tree of its young shoots, that they might
become rims of a chariot. But god-like Achilles came an
unexpected evil to him ; and then, conveying him in his ships,
he sold him into well-inhabited Lemnos; but the son of Jason
gave his price. And from thence Imbrian Eétion, his family.
friend, ransomed, him, and gave him many gifts and sent him
to divine Arisbè ; whence, having secretly escaped, he reached
his father's house. On his return from Lemnos, for eleven
days he was delighted in his soul with his friends; but on the
twelfth the deity again placed him in the hands of Achilles,
who was on the point of sending him to the [abode] of Hades,
although not willing to go. But when swift-footed, god-like
Achilles perceived him naked, without helmet and shield,
neither had he a spear, but all these he had thrown away
on the ground ; for the toil distressed him, flying from the
river, and fatigue subdued his limbs; he then, indignant,
addressed his own high-minded soul:
“Ye gods ! surely I perceive this, a great marvel, with
mine eyes. Doubtless the high-souled Trojans whom I slew,
will rise again from the murky darkness, just as this man
returned, having escaped the merciless day, having been sold
to sacred Lemnos; nor did the sea of hoary brine restrain him,
which restrains many against their will. But come now, he
shall taste the point of my spear, that I may perceive in my
mind and learn, whether he will in like manner return thence
too, or whether the fruitful earth will restrain him, which
restrains even the strong man.”
Thus he pondered, remaining still ; but the [Lycaon] came
near him in consternation, anxious to touch his knees; and he
very much wished in his mind to escape evil death and black
fate. He then, the god-like Achilles, raised his long spear,
longing to wound him; but he ran under it, and stooping,
seized his knees, but the spear stood upright in the earth over
his back, eager to sate itself with human flesh. But he, having
grasped his knees with one hand, supplicated him, and with
the other held the pointed spear [of Achilles], nor did he
let it go; and, raising his voice, addressed to him winged
words:
“O Achilles, by thy knees I supplicate thee; and do thou
respect and pity me. I am to thee, O cherished favourite of
7 5–1 9 ILIAD XXI. 3
Zeus, in the place of a suppliant deserving of respect. For

with thee I first tasted the fruit of Demeter on that day when
thou didst take me in the well-cultivated farm, and didst
sell me, leading me away from my father and friends, to sacred
Lemnos; and I brought thee the price of a hundred oxen.
And so then I was rescued giving thrice that sum ; and this
is already the twelfth morning to me since I came to Troy,
having suffered much ; now again pernicious fate has placed
me in thy hands. Surely I must be hated by father Zeus,
who has again given me to thee. My mother Laothoë,
daughter of aged Altes, brought me forth to be short-lived,
of Altes, who rules among the warlike Leleges, possessing
lofty Pedasus, on the Satniois; and Priam possessed his
daughter, and many others also ; but from her we two were
born, but thou wilt slaughter both. Him indeed, godlike
Polydorus, thou subduest among the foremost infantry, when
thou smotest him with the sharp spear, and now will evil be
to me here ; for I do not think that I shall escape thy hands,
since a deity has brought me near thee. Yet another thing
will I tell thee, and do thou store it in thy mind. Do not
slay me, since I am not born of the same womb with Hector,
who killed thy companion, both gentle and brave.” Thus
then, indeed, the noble son of Priam addressed him, sup
plicating with words; but he heard an unrelenting voice:
“Fool, talk not to me of ransom, nor mention it. For
before Patroclus attained the fatal day, so long was it more
agreeable to me in my mind to spare the Trojans, and many
I took alive and sold. But now there is not [one] even
of all the Trojans, whom the deity puts into my hands before
Ilium, who may escape death; but above all, of the sons of
Priam. But die thou also, my friend; why lamentest thou
thus " Patroclus too died, who was far superior to thee.
Seest thou not what sort of man I am both fair and great ;
and I am from a brave father, and a goddess mother bore me;
but of a truth death and strong fate is upon me also. It will
be either morning or evening, or mid-day, when some one
takes away my life in battle, either having hit me with a spear,
or with an arrow from the string.”
Thus he spoke; but his knees and dear heart were forth
with relaxed. He let go the spear, indeed, and sat down,
stretching out his two hands. But Achilles, having drawn his
sharp sword, smote [him] at the clavicle, by the side of his
neck. And all the two-edged sword penetrated within, and
he, prone upon the ground, lay stretched out, and black blood
4 ILIAD XXI. 120–16o
flowed out, and moistened the earth. And Achilles, seizing

him by the foot, threw him into the river, to be carried
. and boasting over him, addressed him with winged
WOrCIS :
“Lie thither now with the fishes, which, unconcerned will

lap the blood from thy wound ; nor will thy mother lament
thee, placing thee upon the couch, but the eddying Scamander
will bear thee into the wide bosom of the sea. Some fish,
bounding through the wave, will rush up under the dark
ripple, who will devour the white fat of Lycaon. Perish [ye
Trojans], till we reach the city of sacred Ilium, you flying, and
I slaughtering in the rear: nor will even the wide-flowing,
silver-eddying river, avail you, to whom long since ye sacrifice
many bulls, and cast single-hoofed horses alive into its eddies.
But even thus shall ye die an evil death, until ye all atone for
the death of Patroclus, and the slaughter of the Achaeans
whom ye slew in my absence at the swift ships.”
Thus he spoke ; but the River was the more enraged in his
heart, and revolved in his mind how he might cause god
like Achilles to cease from his labour, and might avert destruc
tion from the Trojans. But meanwhile the son of Peleus,
holding his long spear, rushed upon Asteropaeus, son of
Pelegon, longing to kill him, whom wide-flowing Axius begat,
and Periboea, eldest of the daughters of Acessamenus; for with
her had the deep-eddying river had intercourse. Against him
Achilles rushed; but he, [emerging] from the river, stood
opposite, holding two spears, and Xanthus had placed courage
in his mind, because he was enraged on account of the youths
who were being slaughtered, whom Achilles was slaying in the
stream, nor pitied them. But when they were now near,
advancing against each other, him first swift-footed, god-like
Achilles addressed :
“Who, º whence art thou of men, who darest to come
against me ! They are the sons of unhappy men who en
counter my might.” Him again the glorious son of Pelegon
addressed : “O high-souled son of Peleus, why dost thou ask
my race " I am from deep-soiled Paeonia, which is far off,
[I] leading the long-speared Paeonian heroes; and this is now
the eleventh morning to me since I have come to Troy. But
my descent is from the wide-flowing Axius—Axius who pours
the fairest water upon the earth, who begat Pelegon, renowned
for the spear; and men say that he begat me. But now,
O glorious Achilles, let us fight.”
161–203 ILIAD XXI. - 5
Thus he spake, threatening : but god-like Achilles raised

his Pelian ash ; but the hero Asteropaeus [attacked him] with
both spears at the same time, for he was skilful with both
hands. And with the one spear he struck the shield, nor
did it pierce right through the shield; for the gold restrained
it, the gift of the god; and with the other he struck him on
the elbow of the right arm so as merely to graze it ; and the
black blood gushed out : but it [the spear, passing] over him,
was fixed firm in the ground, longing to satiate itself with his
flesh. Second in his turn Achilles hurled his straight-flying
ashen spear at Asteropaeus, anxiously longing to slay him.
And him indeed he missed, but he struck the lofty bank,
and drove the ashen spear up to the middle down into the
bank. But the son of Peleus, having drawn his sharp sword
from his thigh, eagerly leapt upon him ; but he [Asteropaeus]
could not pluck out, with his strong hand, the ashen spear
of Achilles from the steep bank. Thrice, indeed, he shook it,
longing to draw it out, and thrice he desisted from the effort.
And the fourth time he formed the desire in his mind, by
bending it to snap the ashen spear of AEacides; but [before he
could do so] Achilles, close at hand, took away his life with the
sword; for he smote him on the belly by the navel, and all his
bowels were poured out upon the ground, and darkness veiled
him, gasping, as to his eyes. Then Achilles, having leapt upon
his breast, despoiled him of his arms, and boasting, spoke:
“Lie so : it is a difficult thing for thee, though sprung
from a River, to contend with the sons of the most mighty son
of Cronus. Thou saidst thou wert of the race of a wide-flowing
River, but I boast to be of the race of mighty Zeus. A hero
ruling among many Myrmidons begat me, Peleus, son of
AEacus; but AEacus was from Zeus; as Zeus is more powerful
than Rivers flowing into the sea, the race of Zeus again is
more powerful than that of a river. For a very great River
is at hand to thee also, if it can aid thee at all ; but it is not
possible to fight with Zeus, the son of Cronus. With him
neither does king Archelotis vie, nor the mighty strength of
deep-flowing Oceanus, from whom flow all rivers, and every
sea, and all fountains and deep wells; but even he dreads the
thunderbolt of the great Zeus, and his dreadful thunder, when
it rattles from heaven.”
He said, and plucked his brazen spear from the steep bank.
But him [Astoropaeus] he left there, after he had taken away
his life, lying in the sand, and the dark water was moistening
him. Upon him, indeed, eels and fishes attended, nibbling the
6 ILIAD XXI. 204–246
fat around his kidneys, devouring it. But he (Achilles)

started to go against the Paeonian mounted heroes, who were
still panic-stricken beside the eddying river, when they saw
their bravest man stoutly conquered in the hard struggle by
the hands and sword of the son of Peleus. Then he slew Ther
silochus, and Mydon, and Mnesus, and Thrasius, and Ænius,
and Ophelestes. And swift Achilles would have slain yet more
Paeonians, had not the deep-eddying River, enraged, addressed
him, likening itself unto a man, and spoke from its deep
vortex :
“O Achilles, thou excellest, indeed, in strength, but thou
excellest also in evil acts; for the gods themselves always
aid thee. If the son of Cronus granted to thee to destroy all
the Trojans, at least having driven them from me, do thy
dreadful work on the plain. For indeed my lovely streams are
full of dead bodies, nor can I anyhow pour my tide into the
vast sea, being choked up by corpses; whilst thou slayest
destructively. But come then, cease—astonishment seizes me
–0 leader of hosts.”
But him swift-footed Achilles, answering, addressed :
“These things shall be as thou biddest, O Zeus-nurtured
Scamander. But I will not cease slaughtering the haughty
Trojans, before that I hem them in the city, and make trial
of Hector, face to face, whether he slay me or I him.”
Having so said, he rushed upon the Trojans like a god ;
and the deep-eddying River then addressed Apollo ;
“Alas! O god of the silver bow, child of Zeus, thou didst
not observe the counsel of Zeus, who very much enjoined thee
to stand by and aid the Trojans, till the late setting evening
sun should come, and overshadow the deep-soiled earth.”
He spoke, and Achilles, famous in the spear, leapt into the
midst, rushing from the bank. But he (the River) rushed on
him raging with a swollen flood, and being in uproar, excited
all his waves, and pushed along the many corpses, which were
in him in abundance, whom Achilles had slain. These he cast
out, bellowing, like a bull, upon the shore; but the living he
preserved in his fair streams, concealing them among his
mighty deep eddies. And terrible around Achilles was raised
the disturbed wave, and the stream, falling upon his shield,
pushed him, nor could he stand firmly on his feet. But he
seized with his hands a well-grown large elm ; and it, falling
from its roots, dislodged the whole bank, and stopped up the
beautiful streams with its thick branches, and dammed up the
river itself, falling completely in. And he then leaping up
247–287 ILIAD XXI. 7
from the eddying water, hastened to fly over the plain with
rapid feet, terrified. Nor did the mighty god desist, but rushed
after him, blackening on the surface, that he might stop him,
godlike Achilles, from his work, and avert destruction from the
Trojans. But the son of Peleus leapt back as far as is the
flight of a spear, having the swoop of a black eagle, that
hunter-bird, which is at once the strongest and the swiftest
of birds. Like unto it he rushed, and the brass clanked dread
fully upon his breast ; but he inclining sideways from it fled,
and it flowing behind him, followed with a mighty roar. As
when a channel-conductor leads a stream of water from a
fountain of black water through plantations and gardens,
holding a spade in his hands, [and] throwing out obstructions
from the channel; all the pebbles beneath are tossed about as
it flows on, and, trickling quickly down, it murmurs down a
sloping spot, and outstrips even him who directs it : so the
surge of the river always overtook Achilles, nimble though he
was, for gods are more powerful than men. As often as swift
footed, godlike Achilles would attempt to oppose it, and to find
out whether all the immortals who possess the wide heaven are
putting him to flight, so often did a great billow of the Zeus
descended river wash over his shoulders; and he kept leaping
up high with his feet, vexed in mind, but the river, flowing
violently under him, out-tired his knees, and gathered up the
sand from beneath his feet. And the son of Peleus groaned,
looking towards the wide heaven:
“O father Zeus, how doth none of the gods undertake to
save me, in this pitiable plight, from the river ! Hereafter let
me suffer anything. But no other one of the heavenly beings
is so much to blame to me as my mother, who soothed me with
falsehoods, and said that I should perish by the swift arrows
of Apollo, under the wall of the cuirass-armed Trojans. Would
that Hector had slain me, who was the bravest nurtured here ;
in that case a brave man would have been the slayer, and a
brave man would he have slain. But now it is decreed that
I be caught by an inglorious death, confined in a mighty river,
like a swine-herd boy, whom, as he is fording it, a torrent
overwhelms in winter.”
Thus he spoke; but Poseidon and Athena, very quickly
advancing stood near him (but in body they had likened
themselves to men), and taking his hand in their hands,
pledged themselves by words. But to them earth-shaking
Poseidon began discourse:
8 ILIAD XXI. 288—330
“O son of Peleus, neither excessively fear, nor be at all

dismayed; for such allies from among the gods are we two
to thee, Zeus approving it, I and Pallas Athena, so that it is
not decreed that thou be overcome by a river at least. But
he, indeed, shall soon abate, and thou thyself shalt know
it. But we will prudently suggest, if thou be obedient, not
to stop thy hands from equal-dealing war, before thou hast
enclosed the Trojan army within the renowned walls of Ilium,
whoever may escape: but do thou, having taken away his life
from Hector, return again to the ships; for we grant to thee
to earn glory.”
They two indeed having thus spoken, departed to the im
mortals. But he proceeded to the plain (for the command of
the gods strongly impelled him), and it was all filled with
overflowing water, and much beautiful armour and corpses of
youths slain in battle, were floating about ; and his knees
bounded up against the course of the river rushing straight
forward; nor did the broadly-flowing river stop him, for
Athena had put great strength into him, Nor did Scamander
remit his strength, but as yet more enraged with the son
of Peleus, and crested the wave of his stream, rising aloft,
and, shouting, called upon Simois: -
“O dear brother, let us at least together restrain the force

of the man, since he will quickly destroy the great city of king
Priam, for the Trojans withstand him not in battle. But aid
me as quickly as possible and fill thy streams of water from thy
fountains, and rouse all thy rivulets, and raise a great billow,
and stir up a mighty confusion of trunks and rocks, that we
may restrain this furious man, who already is victorious, and
is bent on deeds equal to the gods. For I declare that neither
his strength will defend him, nor his beauty at all, nor those
beautiful arms, which shall lie somewhere in the very bottom
of my gulf, covered under the mud. Himself also will I wrap
in sand, having spread around him numberless shingle in
abundance; nor shall the Achaeans know where to gather his
bones, so much silt will I heap over him. There too shall
be his tomb, nor shall he have any need of burial, when the
Achaeans perform his obsequies.”
He spoke, and in uproar he rushed upon Achilles, raging
aloft, roaring with foam, and blood, and corpses. And the
darkling billow of the Zeus-descended river rose on high, and
was carrying off the son of Peleus. But Hera cried aloud,
fearing for Achilles, lest the mighty deep-eddying river should
sweep him away; and immediately addressed Hephæstus, her
beloved son :
331–374 ILIAD XXI. 9
“Arise, lame one, my son; for we supposed that eddying

Xanthus was a match in battle for thee; but give aid at once,
and exhibit a great flame. But I will go to excite a severe
storm of Zephyrus, and rapid Notus from the sea, which,
bearing a deadly flame, may consume the heads and armour
of the Trojans. But do thou burn the trees by the banks
of Xanthus, and involve [the river-god] himself in fire, nor
let him at all avert thee by kind words or threats: neither do
thou sooner restrain thy might; but whensoever I shouting
give the signal, then restrain the untiring fire.”
Thus she spoke ; and Hephæstus produced a fierce fire,
First, indeed, the fire burned in the plain, and consumed many
dead bodies, which were in abundance over it, whom Achilles
had slain; and the whole plain was dried up, and the clear
water was restrained. And as when an autumnal north wind
quickly dries up a newly-watered garden, and gratifies him
whoever tends it ; so was the whole plain dried, and it burned
up the dead; then he turned his all-resplendent flame against
the river. The elms were in a blaze, and the willows and
tamarisks; the lotus was burning, and the rushes and reeds,
which grew in abundance round the beautiful streams of the
river. The eels and the fishes, which haunt the eddies, were
distressed, which kept diving about the fair streams here and
there exhausted by the breath of much-devising Hephæstus.
The might of the river was burnt, and he spoke, and addressed
him :
“None of the gods, 0 Hephæstus, can play the equal with
thee, nor can I contend with thee, thus flaming [as thou art]
with fire. Cease from combat, and let god-like Achilles forth
with expel the Trojans from the city; what have I to do with
strife or assistance 7”
He spoke burning with the fire, and his fair streams were
bubbling up. As a caldron impelled by much fire, boils within,
bubbling up on all sides [trávroffew dugoNáömy], while melting
the fat of a delicately-fed pig, and dry wood lies beneath it; so
were his fair streams burning with fire and the water was boiling
and would not flow on, but was restrained, and the blast from
the might of crafty Hephæstus distressed him. Then with
many supplications, he addressed to Hera winged words:
“O Hera, why did thy son strive to troublemebeyond others?
truly I am not so much to blame as all the others, as many as
are assistants to the Trojans. But indeed I will desist, if thou
biddest me; and let him also cease ; and I will swear this too,
that I never will avert the evil day from the Trojans, not
B
Io ILIAD XXI. 375—417
even when all Troy, burning, is burnt by devouring fire, and

the warlike sons of the Achaeans burn it.”
But when the white-armed goddess Hera heard this, she
straightway addressed her beloved son Hephæstus; “Heph
aestus, illustrious son, desist; for it is not fitting thus to per
secute an immortal god for the sake of mortals.”
Thus he spoke ; and Hephæstus quenched the glowing fire,
and the water flowing back, rushed down the fair streams.
But when the might of Xanthus was subdued, they then both
rested; for Hera checked them though enraged.
Among the other gods, however, grievous, troublesome strife
fell out, and the feeling in their minds was agitated in opposite
directions. And they engaged with a great crash, and the wide
earth rattled, and the mighty heaven thundered like a trumpet
around. And Zeus heard it, sitting upon Olympus, and his
heart laughed with merriment, when he beheld the gods
engaging in contest. Then they did not long stand apart; for
shield-piercing Arés began, and rushed first against Athena,
holding his brazen spear, and uttered an insulting speech:
“Why thus, Shameless Fly, possessed of wondrous boldness,
dost thou join the gods in battle, and a mighty eagerness incited
thee ? Dost thou not remember when thou didst incite
Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, to strike me ! And taking the
spear thyself in the sight of all, thou didst direct it right against
me, and didst mangle my fair flesh. Therefore now I think
that thou wilt atone for all that thou hast done me.”
Having so said he struck on her fringed aegis, terrible,
which not even the thunderbolt of Zeus can subdue ; on it blood
stained Arès smote her with his long spear. But she, retreating,
seized in her stout hand a stone lying in the plain, black, rugged,
and great, which men of former days had set to be the boundary
of a field. With this she struck fierce Arès upon the neck, and
loosened his knees. Seven acres he covered, when fallen, and
defiled his hair with dust; and his armour rattled round him.
But Pallas Athena laughed, and boasting over him, addressed
to him winged words:
“Fool, hast thou not yet perceived how much superior I
boast to be, that thou matchest thy strength to me? Thus
mayest thou expiate the curses of thy mother, who is planning
evil against thee, enraged because thou didst desert the
Achaeans, and dost aid the haughty Trojans.”
Thus having spoken, she turned back her two bright eyes.
But Aphroditë, daughter of Zeus, taking him by the hand, led
him away, groaning continually; and with difficulty he collected
418–460 ILIAD XXI. I I
his spirit. But when the white-armed goddess Hera perceived

him, immediately she addressed to Athena winged words:
“Ye gods ! O child of aegis-bearing Zeus, untiring one, see
how again that shameless Fly is leading man-slaughtering Arès
amid the tumult, from the destructive battle, But follow
her.”
Thus she spoke; and Athena rushed after her, and rejoiced
in her mind; and rushing upon her, smote her with her stout
hand on the breast, and her knees and dear heart were loosed
forthwith. They two then both lay upon the fruitful earth; but
she, boasting over them, spoke winged words:
“Would that all, as many as are allies to the Trojans, were
as ye, whensoever they would fight with the cuirass-armed
Argives, and so bold and daring, as Aphroditë came an as
sistant to Arès, to oppose my strength; then had we long
since ceased from battle, having sacked the well-built city
Ilium,”
Thus she spoke, and the white-armed goddess Hera smiled.
Then the earth-shaking king addressed Apollo :
“Phoebus, why do we two stand apart? Nor is it becoming,
when others have begun. This would be yet more disgraceful,
if we return without fight to Olympus, to the brazen-floored
mansion of Zeus. Begin, for thou art younger by birth; for
it is not proper for me [to begin], since I am older, and know
more things, Fool, how senseless a heart thou must have
nor dost thou remember those things, how many evils we two
alone of the gods suffered round Ilium, when coming from
Zeus to haughty Laomedon, we laboured for a year for hire
eed upon, and he, directing, gave us orders ? I indeed
built a wall round the city for the Trojans, wide and very
beautiful, that the city might be impregnable; whilst thou,
O Phoebus, didst feed the clumsy-footed, crooked-horned oxen,
among the slopes of many-valleyed woody Ida. But when the
merry Hours had brought round the appointed time of pay
ment, then did terrible Laomedon forcibly defraud us both
of all our pay, and having threatened, dismissed us. To you,
indeed, he threatened that he would bind your feet and hands
above and sell you into distant islands; and vowed that he
would cut of the ears of both of us with the sword; but we
turned back with indignant mind, enraged on account of the
pay, which, having engaged, he did not make good. Is it for
this thou dost now bear favour to this people, and dost not
strive with us, that the haughty Trojans may perish miserably
in humiliation, with their children and reverend wives 7"
I2 ILIAD XXI. 461—5oz
But him the far-darting king, Apollo, in turn addressed :

“O Earth-shaker, thou wouldst not say I am prudent, if I
should now contend with thee at least, for the sake of miserable
mortals, who, like the leaves, are at one time thriving vigour
ously, eating the fruit of the soil, and at another again perish
without life. But let us cease from combat at once; and let
them have the fight to themselves.”
Thus having spoken, he turned back; for he was abashed
to come to strife of hands with his fathers brother. But him
his sister, rustic Artemis, mistress of wild beasts, sharply re
buked, and uttered an upbraiding speech :
“Fliest thou then, Far-darter' and hast thou yielded all
the victory to Poseidon, and hast given an empty glory to him?
Foolſ why in vain dost thou hold an useless bow | Let
me no longer hear thee boasting in the halls of thy father as
formerly amongst the immortal gods, that thou wouldst fight in
opposition to Poseidon.”
Thus she spoke; but the far-darting Apollo said nothing to
her. But the venerable spouse of Zeus, enraged, rebuked [the
goddess] who rejoices in arrows, with reproachful words:
“How art thou now eager, fearless vixen, to stand against
me . A difficult match am I for thee to oppose thy strength
to mine, a bow-bearer though thou art ; for Zeus made thee
a lioness among women, and suffered thee to kill whatever
woman thou wouldst. Verily it is better for the to slay wild
beasts among the mountains, or rustic stags, than to contend
strenuously with thy betters. But if thou desirest to have a
knowledge of war, [come], that thou mayest well know how
much the better I am; since thou opposeth thyself to me in
strength.”
She spoke, and with her left hand seized both her hands at
the wrist, and with her right snatched the bow from her
shoulders, and, smiling, beat her about the ears with it, as she
was turning back; and the swift arrows fell out. Then the
goddess fled, weeping, like a dove which flies from a hawk to a
hollow rock, to a cavity, (for neither was it fated for her to be
caught by it) so she fled, weeping, and left her arrows there.
But the messenger [Hermès] the slayer of Argus, ad
dressed Latona :
“O Latona, I will by no means fight with thee; for it is
difficult to combat with the wives of cloud-collecting Zeus; but
very eagerly boast among the immortal gods that thou hast
conquered me by strong force.” - -
Thus then he spoke : but Latona collected the bent bow

503–541 ILIAD XXI. I3
and arrows which had fallen here and there amid the tornado
of dust. She, indeed, having taken the bow and arrows, went
back from her daughter. But she, the daughter [Artemis]
arrived at Olympus, at the brazen-floored palace of Zeus, and
sat down at the knees of her father, weeping, and her ambrosial
robe trembled around; and her the father, son of Cronus, drew
towards him, and, sweetly smiling, questioned her :
“Which then of the heavenly inhabitants, my dear child,
rashly did such things to the, as if having done some evil
openly ”
And him the fair-crowned clear-voiced goddess addressed in
turn : “Thy spouse, the white-armed Hera, buffeted me, O
father, from whom contention and strife are wont to be
fastened on the immortals.”
Thus they indeed were speaking such words with one
another. But Phoebus Apollo came into sacred Ilium; for the
wall of the well-built city was a care to him, lest the Danai, con
trary to fate, might destroy it on that day. But the other gods
who live for ever went to Olympus, some indignant, and others
greatly glorying. And they sat down beside black-clouded
Zeus. But Achilles slew at once the Trojans themselves, and
their single-hoofed steeds. And as when smoke rising from a
burning city, reaches the wide heaven, and the wrath of the
gods has excited it, and it causes trouble to all, and sends griefs
upon many; so did Achilles cause toil and griefs to the
Trojans.
But aged Priam was standing upon a lofty tower, and
observed gigantic Achilles; but by him the Trojans, panic
stricken, were at once thrown into confusion, nor was there
any courage in them. And groaning he descended from the
tower to the ground, to incite the illustrious gate-keepers
along the wall :
“Hold the gates open in your hands until our hosts, panic
stricken, come into the city, for verily Achilles is at hand here
routing them. Now I think that destructive deeds will be.
But, as soon as they recover themselves, collected within the
wall, put to again the cleverly-fitted doors, for I fear lest the
destructive man rush within the walls.”
Thus he spoke; and they opened the gates and pushed
back the bolts; and they being opened afforded safety. But
Apollo leaped out to meet them, that he might avert destruc
tion from the Trojans. And they, rough [in the throat] with
thirst, and covered with dust, were fleeing from the plain
ºstraight for the city and the lofty wall; but he furiously
I4 ILLIAD XXI. 542–589
pursued with his spear; for fierce madness constantly possessed

his heart, and he longed to win glory. Then the sons of the
Achaeans would have taken lofty-gated Troy, had not Phoebus
Apollo excited god-like Agenor, a hero, son of Antenor, both
blameless and brave. And into his heart he threw courage,
and he himself stood beside him, leaning against a beech-tree,
that he might avert the heavy hands of death; but he was
hidden in abundant mist. But he, when he perceived Achilles,
the destroyer of cities, stood still, and much his heart was
agitated as he remained; and vexed, he thus addressed his own
great hearted soul:
“Alas, me! if indeed I fly from mighty Achilles, in the
way by which the others are flying panic-stricken, even, thus
will he seize me, and will slay me unwarlike ; but if I suffer
these men to be thrown into confusion by Achilles, the son of
Peleus, and fly in another direction on feet from the wall
towards the Ilian plain, until I reach the slopes of Ida, and
enter its thickets; then, having bathed at evening in the river,
cooled from sweat, I will return to Ilium. But why does my
mind commune these things [I fear] he may observe me
departing from the city towards the plain, and pursuing, may
overtake me with his swift feet; then will it no longer be
possible to escape Death and Fate; for he is very powerful
beyond all men. But if I go to meet him in front of the
city, surely his flesh also is vulnerable by sharp brass, and
there is one life only in him, and men say that he is mortal;
but Zeus, the son of Cronus, affords him glory,”
Having so said, gathering himself up, he awaited Achilles;
and his valiant heart within him was eager to combat and to
fight. As a panther advances from a deep thicket to face a
huntsman, nor does she fear nor flee when she hears the
barking [of the dogs]; for if [the hunstman] wounds or hits
her beforehand, nevertheless, although pierced with a spear, she
desists not from the combat, till either she be engaged in
close fight, or be subdued; so god-like Agenor, son of noble
Antenor, would not fly till he had made trial of Achilles; but
held in front of him his shield, equal on all sides, and took aim
at him with his spear, and shouted aloud :
“Indeed, I ween, thou art great in hopes in thy mind, O
glorious Achilles, that thou wilt this day sack the city of the
haughty Trojans. Fool l of a truth many griefs will be effected
over it, for in it we are numerous and valliant men, who defend
Ilium for the sake of our beloved parents, and our wives, and
children. But thou shalt here attain thy destiny, although
being so terrible, and so daring a warrior.”
590–61 1 ILIAD XXI. I5
He spoke, and hurled his sharp spear from his heavy hand,
and struck his shin below the knee, and missed not ; and the
greave of newly-wrought tin sounded fearfully around it ; and
the brazen weapon bounded back from the smitten ſtin] and
penetrated not : for the gifts of the god prevented it. And next
after the god-like Agenor, the son of Peleus made his attack;
nor did Apollo permit him to obtain glory; but snatched him
Agenor] away, and covered him with much mist; and sent
im to return peacefully from the battle.
But he by a stratagem averted the son of Peleus from the
army; for the Far-darter, having likenened himself in every
respect to Agenor, stood before his feet; and the other
hastened to pursue him with his feet. Whilst he was pursuing
him, running a little in front of him, over the corn-bearing
plain, having turned along the deep-eddying river Scamander;
(for Apollo was beguiling him by deceit, so that he was always
expecting to overtake him on his feet;) meanwhile the other
Trojans being routed, came glad in a crowd to the city;
and the city was full of them shut in. Nor did they any
longer dare to wait for each other without the city and the
wall, and to inquire who had escaped, and who had fallen in
the battle; but they gladly poured into the city, whomsoever
of them his feet and knees preserved.
HOME R'S I L I AD,
BOOK THE XXII.
How Achilles fought against Hector, and slew him, and

brought his body to the ships.
THUS they, indeed, panic-stricken, like fawns, were cooling
themselves in the city from sweat, and were drinking and allay
ing their thirst, leaning against the splendid battlements; but
the Achaeans approached nearer to the wall, resting their
shields upon their shoulders. But his destructive fate bound
Hector to remain there, before Ilium and the Scaean gate. But
Phoebus Apollo addressed the son of Peleus:
“Why, O son of Peleus, dost thou pursue me, an immortal
god, with swift feet, thyself being a mortal? Nor hast thou yet
discovered that I am a god; but thou incessantly ragest. For
certainly the labour of the Trojans is not now a care to thee,
whom thou didst put to flight, who are now enclosed within
their city, while thou turnedst aside hither. Thou wilt not in
deed slay me, since I am not subject to fate.”
But him swift-footed Achilles, greatly indignant, ad
dressed :
“Thou hast injured me, O Far-darter, most destructive of
all gods, having now turned me away hither from the wall;
verily many would yet have seized the earth with their teeth,
before they had arrived at Ilium. But now hast thou deprived
me of great glory, and hast preserved them easily, since thou
didst not at all dread vengeance after. Verily I would punish
thee, if the power only were mine.”
Having so said, he went towards the city in haughty spirit,
hastening like a steed which bears away the prize, with his
chariot, which gallops easily with wide stride over the plain.
So Achilles swiftly moved his feet and knees.
But him that old man Priam first beheld with his eyes,
rushing over the plain, all shining like a star which rises in
autumn ; and its rays shine brilliant among many stars in the
depth of the night, which by name they call the dog of Orion.
Very bright is it, but it is a baleful sign, and brings much fever
to miserable mortals. So shone the brass round the breast of
33–76 IL1AD XXII. I7
him running. But the old man groaned, and smote his head
with his hands, raising them on high, and, groaning, cried aloud,
supplicating his dear son. But he stood before the gate,
insatiably eager to fight with Achilles; and him the old man
piteously addressed, stretching out his hands:
“O Hector, await not, I pray thee, my beloved son, this
man alone, without others, lest thou shouldst speedily attain thy
fate, subdued by the son of Peleus; since he is much more
powerful. Impetuous one I would that he were as dear to the
gods as he is to me; quickly would the dogs and vultures de
vour him lying low ; surely bitter grief would then depart from
my heart. He who has made me bereft of many and brave
sons, slaying, and selling them into far-distant islands. For
even now two of my sons, Lycaon and Polydorus, I cannot see
among the Trojans shut up in the city, whom Laothoë bore to
me, queen of women. But if indeed they are alive in the army,
surely we will afterwards ransom them with brass and with
gold ; for it is within ; for aged Altes, of famous name, gave
many things to his daughter. But if they are already dead,
and in the mansions of Hades, grief will be to my soul, and to
their mother, to us who gave them birth. But to the rest of the
people the grief will be shorter, if thou shouldst not also die,
subdued by Achilles. But come inside the wall, O my son,
that thou mayest save the Trojan men and women, and not
afford great glory to the son of Peleus, and thou thyself be de
prived of dear life. Moreover pity me, the wretched one, still
preserving my senses, unhappy, whom the father, son of Cronus,
will destroy by grievous fate, upon the threshold of old age,
having seen many evils, my sons perishing, my daughters
dragged captives, and chambers being plundered, and my infant
children being dashed upon the earth in dire hostility, and my
daughters-in-law being torn away by the destructive hands of
the Achaeans. And myself the last, after that some one, having
wounded me with a sharp sword or hit me [with a spear] shall
take away the life from my limbs, the raw-eating dogs, whom I
nourished in my palace at my table, as guardians of the gate,
will tear at the entrance of the threshold; and who, drinking
my blood, will lie in the porch, raving in mind. To a young
man it is quite becoming to lie slain in battle, lacerated with
sharp brass; for all things are honourable to him though dead,
whatever may appear; but when dogs dishonour the grey head,
the hoary beard, and shame of an old man slain, that is indeed
most pitiable for wretched mortals.”
C
18 ILIAI) XXII. 77–12 I
The old man spoke, and tore out the hoary locks with his
hands, plucking them from his head; nor did he persuade the
mind of Hector. But his mother, then, on the other side,
lamented shedding tears, laying bare her bosom, whilst with
one hand she held forth her breast; and shedding tears,
addressed to him winged words: “O Hector, my son, reverence
these, and pity me myself. If ever I afforded thee the grief.
lulling breast, remember these things, O dear son ; and when
within the wall, repel the hostile man ; nor stand a foremost foe
to him. Rash one for if he slay thee, neither shall I mourn
thee on the couch, my dear offspring, whom I myself brought
forth, northy rich-dowered wife; but far away from us both,
the swift dogs will devour thee by the ships of the Achaeans.”
Thus weeping, they two addressed their dear son, suppli
cating him much ; nor did they persuade the mind of Hector;
but he awaited gigantic Achilles, coming nearer. And as a
mountain serpent which has fed on evil poisons, awaits a man at
its den, and terrible rage has entered it, and it glares horribly,
coiling itself around its den: so Hector, possessing inex
tinguishable courage, would not retire, leaning his glittering
shield against a projecting tower; but, vexed, he thus addressed
his own great-hearted soul:
“Ae me, if indeed I enter the gates and the wall, Poly
damus will cast reproach upon me, who advised me to lead the
Trojans to the city during this disastrous night, when god-like
Achilles was roused to battle. But I did not obey; certainly
it would have been much better. And now, since by my
infatuation I have destroyed the army, I am abashed before
the Trojan men, and the long-robed Trojan women, lest ever
some one inferior to me should say, ‘Hector, relying on his
own strength, destroyed the army.” Thus will they say ; but
then it would have been far better for me, either, having slain
Achilles in open fight, to return, or gloriously to be slain my
self for the city. But if now I were to lay down my bossed
shield and stout helmet, and, resting my spear against the wall,
I myself going, were to meet blameless Achilles, and promise
that we will give to the sons of Artreus, Helen, and all the
possessions along with her, whatever Paris brought to Troy in
his hollow barks, which was the origin of the quarrel, for them
to take away (dyew), and at the same time that we will set
apart and divide among the Achaeans whatever else this city
contains; and further were to exact an oath from the elders
of the Trojans, that they will conceal nothing, but divide all
things into two portions, whatever treasure this lovely city
121—167 ILIAD XXII. 19
contains within it—But why does my soul talk thus within

me? [I dread] lest I, going, should reach him indeed, but he would
pity me not, nor at all respect me, but slay me, being naked,
just as a woman, after I have put off my armour. Certainly it
is not now possible to converse with him from an oak, or from a
rock, as a virgin and a youth ; a virgin and youth converse with
one another. On the contrary, it is better to engage him in
strife; that we may soonest know to which of us two the
Olympian [Zeus] will give glory.
Thus he pondered, remaining; but he came near him, [viz.]
Achilles, like the helmet-shaking warrior, the god of war,
brandishing upon his right shoulder the dreadful Pelian ash;
and the brass glittered around, like the splendour either of a
blazing fire, or of the rising sun. And tremor seized Hector,
as he perceived him, nor could he remain there any longer, but
he left the gate behind him, and fled affrighted; but the son
of Peleus rushed on, having confidence in his swift feet. As a
falcon in the mountains, the swiftest of birds, easily swoops
upon a timid pigeon ; and she flies away sideways; but he,
close at hand, shrilly screaming, frequently assails her, and his
spirit bids him seize her: thus, eager, he flew right on ; but
Hector fled in terror under the wall of the Trojans, and plied
his fleet limbs the while. And they rushed by the watch-station
and the wind-waved fig-tree, always under the wall along the
chariot road, and reached the two fair-flowing springs, where
the two springs of the eddying Scamander rise. The one flows
with tepid water, and a steam arises from it around, as of
burning fire; and the other flows forth in summer like hail, or
cold snow, or ice from water. And here beside them are wide,
handsome stone cisterns, where the wives and fair daughters of
the Trojans used to wash their shining garments formerly in
time of peace, before the sons of the Achaeans arrived. In
this direction they ran past [the one] flying, and the other
pursuing from behind. A brave man, indeed, was fleeing in
front, but a much better was swiftly pursuing him ; since they
were not trying to obtain a victim or a bull's hide, such as are
the rewards of men for speed, but they were running for the
life of horse-breaking Hector. And as when prize-winning
single-hoofed horses run very swiftly round the goal, and the
reward that is proposed is great, either a tripod, or a woman,
[at the burial] of a deceased hero; so they two thrice ran
round the city of Priam with swift feet; and all the gods were
looking on. And to them the father of men and gods com
menced an address:
2O ILIAD XXII. I68–2 Io
“Ye gods ! verily I behold with mine eyes a beloved hero

being pursued round the wall; and my heart is grieved for
Hector, who has sacrificed many thighs of oxen to me, upon
the peaks of many-valleyed Ida, and at other times again in
the highest part of the city ; but now again god-like Achilles
in pursuing him with swift feet, round the city of Priam. But
come, deliberate, O ye gods, and consider, whether we shall
preserve him from death, or shall at once subdue him, brave
though he be, beneath Achilles, son of Peleus.”
But him the bright-eyed goddess Athena in turn addressed:
“O father, hurler of the shining thunderbolt, shrouded in
dark clouds, what a word hast thou spoken | Dost thou wish
to release back again from sad death a man, being mortal, long
ago destined to fate Do it: but we, the other gods, will not
all approve thee.”
And her, the cloud-collecting Zeus, answering, addressed :
“Take courage, Triton-born, beloved child; I by no means
speak with eager mind, but I wish to be gentle to thee. Do
as is thy inclination, and withold not.”
Having so said, he incited Athena, already eager; and,
hastening, she descended down the heights of Olympus.
But swift Achilles kept pursuing Hector incessantly, haras
sing him. And as when a dog pursues the fawn of a deer in
the mountains, having roused it from its lair, through glens
and thickets; and, although, cowering down beneath a brake,
it may escape him ; yet tracking it, he runs continually on,
until he finds it ; so Hector eluded not the swift-footed son of
Peleus. As often as he would rush to make straight for the
Dardanian gates, under the well-built towers, if perchance they
might aid him with missiles from above, so often, cutting him
off beforehand, he turned him away towards the plain ; whilst
he himself always ran on the side of the city. And as in a
dream one cannot pursue a fugitive ; neither can the one
escape the other, nor the other pursue : so the one could not
overtake the other in his speed, nor the other escape him.
And how, then, would Hector have escaped the fates of death,
if Apollo had not, for the last and latest time, met him,
who incited in him courage and swift knees | But god-like
Achilles nodded to the army with his head, and forbad them
tó cast their sharp weapons at Hector, lest some one, wounding
him, should obtain glory, and he himself come second. But
when for the fourth time they arrived at the fountains, then,
indeed, the Father stretched out his golden scales, and placed
2 Io-249 ILIAD XXII. 2 I
in them, two fates of death, that stretches men at length, this

of Achilles, and that of horse-breaking Hector. And holding
them by the middle, he poised them, and the fatal day of
Hector inclined, and sunk to the abode of Hades; and Phoebus
Apollo left him.
Then the bright-eyed goddess Athena approached the son
of Peleus, and, standing near, addressed to him winged words:
“Now, O glorious Achilles, beloved of Zeus, I hope that
we two shall win great glory for the Achaeans at the ships,
having slain Hector, insatiate in war though he be. Now at
any rate, it is no longer possible for him to escape us, not even
if far-darting Apollo should toil much, rolling himself at the
feet of the aegis-bearing father Zeus. But do thou now stand
and take breath again ; and I will go and persuade him to
engage thee face to face.”
Thus spoke Athena, and he obeyed, and rejoiced in his
mind; and stood, leaning upon his ashen, brass-pointed spear.
And she then left him, and overtook godlike Hector, likening
herself to Deiphobus, as to her body and unwearied voice;
and, standing near, she addressed to him winged words: “O
honoured brother, indeed swift Achilles now greatly presses
on thee, pursuing thee with rapid feet round the city of Priam.
But come now, let us take our stand, and, awaiting, repulse
him.”
And her mighty crest-waving Hector in turn addressed :
“Deiphobus, surely thou wert ever before by far the dearest
to me of my brothers, the sons whom Hecuba and Priam gave
birth to. But now I think in my mind that I honour thee
even yet more, for that thou didst dare for my sake, when
thou didst behold [me] with thine eyes, to come without the
wall; while others remain within.”
But him the bright-eyed goddess Athena in turn addressed :
“O honoured brother, my father and venerable mother
indeed greatly supplicated me, in turn embracing my knees
and my companions around, to remain there (so much do they
all tremble with fear); but my mind within was harassed with
sad grief. But now let us forthwith eagerly engage, nor let
there be any sparing of spears, that we may know whether
Achilles, having slain us both, shall bear our gory spoils to the
hollow barks, or be subdued by thy spear.” -
Thus having spoken, Athena led him on too with deception.

But when they were near advancing towards each other, him
mighty crest-waving Hector first addressed :
22 ILIAD XXII. 250–292
“No longer, O son of Peleus, will I fly thee as before.

Thrice didst thou chase me round the great city of Priam, nor
did I ever dare to await thee coming on ; now on the contrary
my mind has urged me to stand against thee; either I shall
slay or be slain. But come, let us attest the gods; for they
will be the best witnesses and observers of our agreements.
For neither will I cruelly insult thee, if Zeus give me the
victory, and I take away thy life; but after I shall have
despoiled thy beautiful armour, O Achilles, I will give back
thy body to the Achaeans; and so also do thou.”
But him swift-footed Achilles sternly regarding, addressed :
“Talk not to me of agreements, inexpiable Hector. As
there are not faithful covenants between lions and men, nor
have wolves and lambs an according spirit, but ever feel enmity
against each other; so it is not possible for thee and me to be
friendly, nor shall there at all be covenants between us, before
that one or other of us, having fallen, satiate the invincible
warrior Arés with his blood. Bethink thee of every sort of
skill; now it is very necessary for thee to be both a spear-man
and a daring warrior. No longer is there any escape for thee,
but Pallas Athena at once subdues thee beneath my spear. Now
shalt thou expiate together all the sorrows of my companions,
whom thou hast slain, raging with thy spear.”
He spoke, and having brandished it, discharged his long
spear, and glorious Hector, seeing it in front, avoided it ; for
fore-seeing it, he sunk down, and the brazen spear passed over
him, and was fixed in the earth. But Pallas Athena plucked
it out, and gave it back to Achilles, and escaped the notice of
Hector, the shepherd of the people. Then Hector addressed
the blameless son of Peleus :
“Thou hast missed, O godlike Achilles, nor didst thou yet
know my fate from Zeus; certainly thou didst say so; but
thou must be one apt in words, and crafty of speech, in order
that, dreading thee, I may be forgetful of my strength and
courage. But not in my back, whilst flying, shalt thou fix
thy spear, but drive it through my breast, rushing right on, if
God grant thee. Now in thy turn avoid my brazen spear !
would that thou mightest now receive it all in thy body. Then
would the war become lighter to the Trojans, thou being dead;
for thou art the greatest bane to them.”
He spoke, and, having brandished it, discharged his long
spear, and struck the centre of Pelides' shield, nor missed ;
but the spear bounded off far away from the shield. And
Hector was enraged because his swift weapon had fled in vain
292–335 ILIAD XXII. 23
from his hand; and he stood dejected, nor had he another

ashen spear. Then he called upon the white-shielded Deipho
bus, loudly shouting. He asked him for a long spear: but he
was not near him ; and Hector perceived in his mind, and
cried :
“Ye gods ! without doubt, now the gods have summoned
me to death. For I indeed thought the hero Deiphobus was
by my side; but he is within the wall, and Athena deceived
me. But now is evil death near me, nor far away, nor is there
an escape. For assuredly this long since was more pleasing
to Zeus and to the far-darting son of Zeus, who formerly
readily preserved me; now, on the contrary, Fate overtakes
me. Let me not, however, perish cowardly at least, and in
gloriously, but having done some great deed for even posterity
to hear of.”
Thus having spoken, he drew his sharp sword, which hung
below his loins, both huge and strong, and gathering himself
together, rushed with a swoop, like a lofty-soaring eagle, which
flies to the plain through the gloomy clouds, to snatch either a
tender lamb or a cowering hare, so Hector swooped, brandish
ing his sharp sword. Achilles also rushed on, and filled his
soul with fierce rage, and held his shield, beautiful, curiously
wrought, in front of his breast to cover it, and nodded with his
shining four-coned helmet; and the beautiful golden tufts,
which Hephæstus spread thick round the cone, waved around it.
As the star Hesperus, which is the brightest star which ap
pears in heaven, rises amongst other stars in the depth of
night, so it shone from the well-sharpened spear which Achilles,
designing mischief to god-like Hector, brandished in his right
hand, eyeing his fair person, where it would most yield. But
the rest of his body, so much, the beautiful brazen armour, of
which he had despoiled mighty Patroclus, having slain him,
covered; but it was visible where the collar-bones separate the
neck from the shoulders, the gullet, where the destruction of
life is most speedy. There god-like Achilles with eager weapon
thrust at him, and the point went right through his tender
neck. However the ash, heavy with brass, did not cut away
his windpipe, so that, answering in words, he could say some
thing to him. But he fell in the dust, and god-like Achilles
vaunted over him :
“Hector, perchance thou didst think, when spoiling Patro
clus, that thou wouldst be safe, and didst feel no awe of me,
when far off. Fool | For I was left behind far from him at the
hollow ships, a far mightier protector, who have loosed thy
knees. Thee the dogs and birds shall dishonourably tear, but
him the Achaeans shall honour with funeral rites.”
But him crest-waving Hector, growing weak, addressed:
“I supplicate thee by thy life, thy knees, and thy parents,
suffer not the dogs to devour me at the ships of the Achaeans;
but do thou indeed receive brass in abundance, and gold, gifts
which my father and venerable mother will give thee; but send
my body home again, that the Trojans and wives of the Trojans
may make me, dead, partaker of a funeral pyre.”
But him swift-footed Achilles, sternly regarding, addressed:
“Dog, supplicate me not by knees, nor by parents; for
would that anyhow my might and mind would incite me my
self, tearing thy raw flesh to pieces, to devour it, for such
things as thou hast done me. For that there is not any one
who could keep off the dogs from thy head, not even if they
should place ten-fold and twenty-fold such ransoms, bringing
them hither, and promise yet others; nor even if Dardanid
Priam were to give orders to ransom thy own weight with
gold; not even thus shall thy venerable mother lament [thee]
whom she herself bore, having laid thee upon a couch; but
dogs and birds shall entirely tear thee in pieces.”
But him crest-waving Hector, dying, addressed :
“Surely well knowing thee, I behold thee, nor was I likely
to persuade thee; for truly thy spirit in thy heart is of iron.
Reflect now, lest to thee I be some cause of the wrath of the
gods, on that day when Paris and Phoebus Apollo kill thee,
brave as thou art, at the Scaean gate.”
When he had spoken thus, the end of death overshadowed
him ; and his soul flying from his limbs, descended to the abode
of Hades, bewailing its destiny, leaving vigour and youth. And
him, when dead, god-like Achilles addressed :
“Die : but I will then receive my fate whensoever Zeus
pleases to accomplish it, and the other immortal gods.”
He spoke, and drew his spear from the corpse; and that he
laid aside, but he spoiled the blood-stained armour from his
shoulders. And the other sons of the Achaeans ran round, who
also admired the stature and wondrous form of Hector; nor
did any stand by him without inflicting a wound. And thus
would one say, looking to his neighbour : “Ye gods ! surely
Hector is now much more gentle to touch, than when he
burned the ships with destroying fire.”
Thus would one say, and standing by would wound him.
But swift-footed Achilles, after he had despoiled him, standing
amongst the Achaeans, spoke winged words:
37.8–4.25 ILIAD XXII. 25
“O friends, leaders and princes of the Argives, since the

gods have granted us to subdue this hero, him who wrought so
much evil, as did not all the others together; come 1 let us
make trial round the city with our arms, that we may learn the
mind of the Trojans, what [mind] they have; whether they
are about to desert the citadel, he being slain, or are eager
to remain, Hector being no more. But why does my mind
deliberate these things " Patroclus lies by the ships, an un
wept, unburied corpse; and him I shall never forget, as long
as I am amongst the living, and my dear knees move for me;
even if they forget the dead in the abode of Hades, yet will I
remember my beloved comrade even there. But come now, ye
youths of the Achaeans, singing a paean, let us return on board
the hollow ships, and let us bring him ; we have won great
glory: we have slain god-like Hector, whom the Trojans,
throughout the city, worshipped as a god.
He spoke, and was meditating unseemly deeds against god
like Hector. He pierced the tendons of his feet behind, from
the heel to the ankle, and fastened from them leather thongs,
and bound him to his chariot; but left his head to be dragged
along. Then asending his chariot, and taking up the splendid
armour, he lashed (the horses) to make them go, and they, not
unwilling, flew. And the dust arose from him while trailed
along, and his azure locks around approached [the ground],
and his entire head, once graceful, lay in the dust; for Zeus
had then granted to his enemies, to dishonour him in his own
father-land. Thus indeed his whole head was defiled with
dust ; but his mother was plucking out her hair, and had cast
away her shining veil, and bewailed very loudly, beholding her
son. And his dear father groaned piteously, and all the people
around were occupied in wailing and lamentation through the
city; and it was most like to this, as if all Ilium, from its
summit, were smouldering in fire. With difficulty indeed did
the people detain the old man, indignant with grief, anxious to
rush out from the Dardanian gates: and rolling in the mud, he
was supplicating all, addressing each man by name:
“Refrain, my friends, and let me, grieved though ye be, go
out of the city and reach the ships of the Achaeans. Let me
supplicate this reckless, violent man, if perchance he may re
spect my time of life, and pity my old age; for such is his
father Peleus, he who begat and nurtured him to be a bane
to the Trojans; but particularly to me above all he has caused
sorrows. For so many of my blooming sons has he slain, for
all of whom I do not lament so much, although grieved, as for
I)
this one, Hector, keen grief for whom will bear me down
into Hades. Would that he had died in my hands; then we
should have sated ourselves with weeping and lamenting, both
his unhappy mother who bore him, and I myself.” Thus he
spoke, weeping, and the citizens groaned with him. But to
the Trojan dames, Hecuba began the ceaseless lamentation:
“O my son, why shall wretched I live, having suffered
grievous things, thou being dead | Thou who by night and day
wast my boast throughout the town, and an advantage to all,
both to the Trojan men and women throughout the city, who
used to greet thee as a god. For assuredly thou wast a very
great glory to them when alive ; now, on the contrary, death
and fate possess thee.”
Thus she spoke, weeping; but the wife of Hector had not
yet learned anything : for no certain messenger, going, had
informed her that her husband remained without the gates;
but she was weaving a web in a retired part of the lofty house,
a double texture, brilliant, and spreading over it various
flowers of embroidery. And she had ordered her fair-haired
attendants through the palace, to place a large tripod on the
fire, that there might be a warm bath for Hector, when he
returned from the battle. Foolish nor knew she that, far
away from baths, bright-eyed Athena had subdued him by the
hands of Achilles. But she heard the shriek and wailing from
the tower, and her limbs trembled, and her comb fell to the
ground; and again she addressed her fair-haired attendants:
“Come hither, two of you follow me ; let me see what
deeds have been done. I heard the voice of my venerable
mother-in-law, and my own heart within my breast leaps up to
my mouth, and my limbs under me are growing numb. Surely
some evil is now near the sons of Priam. O that the word
might be far from my ear ! I dread lest godlike Achilles, having
cut off brave Hector alone from the city, is chasing him towards
the plain, and even now have made him desist from the fatal
valour which possessed him; for he never would remain among
the throng of warriors, but would run out far before, yielding
in his valour to none.”
Thus having spoken, she rushed through the palace like
one frantic, palpitating in heart ; and her attendants went
along with her. But when she reached the tower and the
crowd of men, she stood upon the wall looking round, and
beheld him being dragged before the city; and the swift horses
were dragging him ruthlessly towards the ships of the Achaeans.
Then gloomy night veiled her over her eyes, and she fell back
467—51 I ILIAD XXII. 27
wards, and breathed out her life [swooning]. And far from
her head she dropped her beautiful head-gear, the frontlet, and
the net, and the twisted fillet, and the hood which golden
Aphroditë had given to her on that day when crest-waving
Hector took her to him to wife from the palace of Eétion, after
he had presented many marriage-gifts. Around her in great
numbers stood her husband's sisters and her brother's wives,
who supported her amongst them, shocked to death. But
when she revived, and her spirit was collected in her heart,
sobbing with constant outbursts, she spoke among the Trojan
dames:
“Hector, O wretched me ! then we are both born in one
fate, thou indeed in Troy, in the mansion of Priam, but I in
Thebe, beneath woody Placus, in the palace of Eétion; who,
himself ill-fated, reared me, ill-fated, being yet a little child;—
would that he had not begotten me ! Now, however, thou
goest to the abodes of Hades beneath the depths of the earth,
but leavest me, in hateful grief, a widow in the palace; and
thy boy, yet a mere infant, to whom thou and I, unfortunate
that we are, gave birth; nor wilt thou be an advantage to him,
O Hector, since thou art dead; nor he to thee. For even if
he escape the tearful war of the Achaeans, still will labour and
troubles ever be to him hereafter ; for others will deprive him
of his lands. But the bereaving day renders a boy destitute
of his companions in age ; he is ever dejected, and his cheeks
are bedeved with tears. The boy when wanting aught, goes
up to the companions of his father, pulling one by the cloak,
another by the tunic; and some one of them, pitying, offers
him a cup for a moment; and he moistens his lips, but wets
not his palate. Him also some one, enjoying both [parents],
pushes away from the banquet, striking him with his hands,
and reviling him with reproaches: “Be off at once thy father
at least feasts not with us.” Then the boy returns weeping to
his widowed mother, Astyanax, who formerly upon the knees
of his father, used to eat marrow alone, and the rich fat of
sheep; but when sleep would come upon him, and he would
cease enjoying his childish sports, he used to sleep on a couch
in the arms of a nurse, in a soft bed, filled as to his heart with
the blessings of plenty. But now Astyanax, whom the Trojans
called by surname (because thou alone didst defend the gates
and lofty walls for them) shall suffer many things, bereft of
his dear father. And now shall crawling worms devour thee,
naked, by the curved ships, far from thy parents, after the dogs
shall have satiated themselves: but thy robes, fine and graceful,
28 ILIAD XXII. 5 II–515
worked by the hands of women, lie in the palace. All these

in truth will I burn with consuming fire, being of no use to
thee, for thou wilt not lie in them; but to be a glory [to thee]
before the Trojans and the Trojan dames.”
Thus she spoke, weeping, and the females mourned in
concert with her.
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This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized

by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the

BOOKS XXI & XXII.

TRAAWSLA TED INTO LITERAL EAVGLISA.

CAMBRIDGE –J. HALL AND SON;

LIBS. XXI. & XXII.

TRANS LA TED INTO LITERA L ENGLISH.

CAMBRIDGE –J. HALL AND SON;

BUT when they had reached the ford of the beautifully

Then did he encounter the son of Dardanid Priam,

Zeus, in the place of a suppliant deserving of respect. For

flowed out, and moistened the earth. And Achilles, seizing

“Lie thither now with the fishes, which, unconcerned will

Thus he spake, threatening : but god-like Achilles raised

fat around his kidneys, devouring it. But he (Achilles)

“O son of Peleus, neither excessively fear, nor be at all

“O dear brother, let us at least together restrain the force

“Arise, lame one, my son; for we supposed that eddying

even when all Troy, burning, is burnt by devouring fire, and

his spirit. But when the white-armed goddess Hera perceived

But him the far-darting king, Apollo, in turn addressed :

Thus then he spoke : but Latona collected the bent bow

pursued with his spear; for fierce madness constantly possessed

How Achilles fought against Hector, and slew him, and

contains within it—But why does my soul talk thus within

“Ye gods ! verily I behold with mine eyes a beloved hero

in them, two fates of death, that stretches men at length, this

Thus having spoken, Athena led him on too with deception.

“No longer, O son of Peleus, will I fly thee as before.

from his hand; and he stood dejected, nor had he another

“O friends, leaders and princes of the Argives, since the

worked by the hands of women, lie in the palace. All these

J. Hall & Son, Printers, Cambridge.

STUDENTS'EDITIONS OF THE GOSPELS & THE ACTS.

COMPENDIUM THEOLOGIOUM, or Manual for Students

SCH00L AND UNIVERSITY ANALYSES.

Evening Prayer, i.itany, and the Holy Communion

H00KER, Book W., an Analysis of,

By THE REv. W. TROLLOPE, M.A.

XXXIX ARTICLES of the CHURCH of ENGLAND;

WAKES APOSTOLICAL EPISTLES;

OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY:

A New ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR, of the HEBREW

CIGERO PRO CLUENTIO:

the Text, revised and explained, by W. D. PEARMAN, M.A.,

HERODOTUS, Book III.

QUINTI OURTI RUFI HISTORIARUM ALEXANDRI,

XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, Books I, & II,

ENUNCIATIONS and CoROLLARIES of the PROPOSITIONs of

and the Behaviour, with Re-Agents, of their Products, by

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