The Super Stability of Third Order Linear Ordinary Differential Homogeneous Equation With Boundary Condition

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN:

e 2456 – 6470
The Super Stability off Third Order Linear Ordinary Differential

Homogeneous Equation with ith Boundary Condition
Dawit Kechine Menbiko
Department off Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Wachemo University, Ethiopia
ABSTRACT paper Dawit Kechine

How to cite this paper:
The stability problem is a fundamental issue in the design of any distributed Menbiko "The Super Stability of Third
systems like local area networks, multiprocessor systems, distribution Order Linear Ordinary Differential
computation and multidimensional queuing systems. In Mathematics Homogeneous Equation with Boundary
stability theory addresses the stability
tability solutions of differential, integral and Condition" Published
other equations, and trajectories of dynamical systems under small in International
perturbations of initial conditions. Differential equations describe many Journal of Trend in
mathematical models of a great interest in Economics, Control theory, theo Scientific Research
Engineering, Biology, Physics and to many areas of interest. and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
2456
In this study the recent work of Jinghao Huang, Qusuay. H. Alqifiary, and 6470, Volume-3
Volume | IJTSRD29149
Yongjin Li in establishing the super stability of differential equation of Issue-6,
6, October
second order with boundary condition was extended to establish the super 2019, pp.697
pp.697-709, URL:
stability of differential equation third order with boundary condition. https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29
149.pdf
KEYWORDS: supper stability, boundary conditions, Intial conditions
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INTRODUCTION
In recent years, a great deal of work has been done on The stability problem in mathematics started by Poland
various aspects of differential equations of third order. mathematician Stan Ulam for functional equations around
Third order differential equations describe many 1940; and the partial solution of Hyers to the Ulam’s
mathematical models of great iterest in engineering, problem [2] and [20].
biology and physics. Equation of the form
x′′′ + a(x) x′′ + b(x)x′ + c(x)x = f (t) arise in the study of In 1940, Ulam [21] posed a problem concerning the
entry-flow phenomena, a problem of hydrodynamics stability of functional equations:
which is of considerable importance in many branches of “Give conditions in order for a linear function near an
engineering. approximately linear function to exist.”
There are different problems concerning third order A year later, Hyers answered to the problem of Ulam for
differential equations which have drawn the attention of additive functions defined on Banach space: let and
researchers throughout the world. [17] be real Banach spaces and ɛ 0. Then for every function
f : X1 → X 2 Satisfying
In mathematics stability theory addresses the stability
st of
solutions of differential equations, Integral equations,
f ( x + y ) − f ( x) − f ( y ) ≤ ε x, y ∈ X 1
including other equations and trajectories of dynamical There exists a unique additive function A : X1 → X 2
systems under small perturbations. Following this,
with the property
stability means that the trajectories do not change too
much under small perturbations [7].The
The stability problem f ( x) − A( x) ≤ ε x ∈ X1
is a fundamental issue in the design of any distributed
systems like local area networks, multiprocessor systems, Thereafter, Rassias [14] attempted to solve the stability
mega computations and multidimensional queuing problem of the Cauchy additive functional equations in
systems and others. In the field of economics, stability is more general setting. A generalization of Ulam’s problem
achieved
ieved by avoiding or limiting fluctuations in is recently proposed by replacing functional equations
production, employment and price.
with differential equations ϕ ( f , y, y′,... y ( n ) ) = 0 and
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29149

29149 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 697
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
has the Hyers-Ulam stability if for a given ε >0 and a Main result
function y such that Super stability with boundary condition
y ∈ c n [a, b] ,if
ϕ ( f , y, y′,... y ( n ) ) ≤ ε
Definition: Assume that for any function
y satisfies the differential inequalities
There exists a solution y0 of the differential equation ϕ ( f , y, y ',..., y ( n ) ) ≤ ε K.....(1)

such that for all x ∈ [ a, b] and for some ε ≥ 0 with boundary
y (t ) − y0 (t ) ≤ k (ε ) And lim k (ε ) = 0 conditions, then either y is a solution of the differential
ε →0
equation
Those previous results were extended to the Hyers-Ulam ϕ ( f , y, y ',..., y ( n ) ) = 0 …… ……(2)
or y ( x ) ≤ kε for any x ∈ [ a, b ] ,
stability of linear differential equations of first order and
higher order with constant coefficients in [8, 18] and in where k is a
[19] respectively. constant. Then, we say that (2) has super stability with
boundary conditions.
Rus investigated the Hyers-Ulam stability of differential
and integral equations using the Granwall lemma and the Preliminaries
technique of weakly Picard operators [15, 16]. Lemma 1[10]. Let y ∈ c 2 [a, b] , y (a ) = 0 = y (b ) ,then
(b − a )
2
Miura et al [13] proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of the
first-order linear differential equations max y ( x) ≤ max y ''( x) .
y '(t ) + g (t ) y (t ) = 0 , 8
Proof
Where g (t ) is a continuous function, while Jung (4)
proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of differential equations
Let M = max { y ( x) : x ∈ [ a, b ]} Since
of the form y (a ) = 0 = y (b ) , there exists x0 ∈ (a, b) such that
ϕ (t ) y '(t ) = y (t )
y ( x0 ) = M . By Taylor’s formula, we have
Motivation of this study comes from the work of Li [5] y ''(δ )
where he established the stability of linear differential y ( a ) = y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 )( x0 − a ) + ( x0 − a ) 2 ,
equations of second order in the sense of the Hyers and 2!
Ulam. y ''(η )
y (b) = y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 )(b − x0 ) + (b − x0 ) 2 ,
y' = λy 2!
Where δ , η ∈ ( a, b )
Li and Shen [6] proved the stability of non-homogeneous
linear differential equation of second order in the sense of 2M
Thus y ''(δ ) = ,
the Hyers and Ulam
( x0 − a )
2
y ''+ p ( x ) y '+ q ( x ) y + r ( x ) = 0
2M
y ''(η ) =
( b − x0 )
While Gavaruta et al [1] proved the Hyers- Ulam stability 2
of the equation
y ''+ β ( x ) y ( x ) = 0
In the case x0 ∈  a,
 ( a + b )  , we have
with boundary and initial conditions. 
 2 
The recently, introduced notion of super stability 2M 2M 8M
≥ =
( x0 − a ) (b − a ) (b − a )
[10,11,12,13] is utilized in numerous applications of the 2 2 2
automatic control theory such as robust analysis, design of

static output feedback, simultaneous stabilization, robust 4
stabilization, and disturbance attenuation. a +b 
In the case x0 ∈  , b  , we have
Recently, Jinghao Huang, Qusuay H. Alqifiary, Yongjin Li[3]  2 
established the super stability of differential equations of 2M 2M 8M
≥ =
second order with boundary conditions or with initial
( b − x0 ) ( b − a ) ( b − a )
2 2 2
conditions as well as the super stability of differential
equations of higher order in the form 4
y ( n ) ( x) + β ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 with initial conditions, 8M 8
So, max y ′′( x ) ≥ = max y ( x)
y (a) = y '(a) = ... = y ( n −1)
(a) = 0 (b − a ) (b − a )
2 2
(b − a )
This study aimed to extend the super stability of second 2
order to the third order linear ordinary differential Therefore, max y ( x) ≤ max y ''( x)
homogeneous equations with boundary condition. 8
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29149 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 698
In (2011) the three researchers Pasc Gavaruta, Soon-Mo, 2M 2M 8M
Jung and Yongjin Li, investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability of ≥ =
second order linear differential equation ( x0 − a ) 2
(b − a ) 2
(b − a ) 2
y ''( x ) + β ( x) y ( x ) = 0 ………….. (3) 4
with boundary conditions y ( a ) = y (b) = 0  ( a + b) 
On the case x0 ∈  , b  we have
where, y ∈ c 2 [ a, b] , β ( x) ∈ c [ a, b ] , −∞ < a < b < +∞  2 
2M 2M 8M
≥ =
Definition: We say (3) has the Hyers-Ulam stability with (b − x0 ) 2 (b − a ) 2 (b − a )2
boundary conditions
4
y (a ) = y (b) = 0 if there exists a positive constant K
8M 8
with the following property: So max y ''( x) ≥ = max y ( x)
For every ε > 0, y ∈ c 2 [ a, b] , if
(b − a) 2
(b − a )2
(b − a ) 2
y ''( x) + β ( x) y ( x) ≤ ε , Therefore max y ( x) ≤ max y ''( x)
8
Thus
And y ( a ) = y (b) = 0 , then there exists some
(b − a)2
z ∈ c [ a, b ] satisfying
2 max y ( x) ≤  max y ''( x) − β ( x) y ( x) + max β ( x) ma
8 
z ''( x ) + β ( x ) z ( x ) = 0
And z ( a ) = 0 = z (b ) , such that y ( x ) − z ( x) < K ε (b − a)2 (b − a) 2
≤ ε+ max β ( x) max y ( x)
8 8
Theorem 1[1]. Consider the differential equation
y ''( x ) + β ( x) y ( x ) = 0 --------------------- (4) (b − a )
2
With boundary conditions y ( a ) = y (b) = 0 Let k =

 ( b − a )2 
Where y ∈ c 2 [ a, b] , β ( x) ∈ c [ a, b ] , −∞ < a < b < +∞ 8 1 − max β ( x) 
 8 
8  
If max β ( x) < z0 ( x ) = 0
(b − a ) Obviously, is a solution of
2
then the equation (4) above has the super stability with
y ''( x ) − β ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 with the Boundary conditions
boundary condition y (a) = 0 = y(b) .
y ( a ) = y (b ) = 0 y ( x ) − z0 ( x ) ≤ K ε
Proof:
Hence the differential equation y ''( x ) + β ( x ) y ( x ) = 0
For every ε > 0, y ∈ C 2 [ a, b ] if
has the super stability with boundary condition
,
y ''( x) + β ( x) y ( x) ≤ ε and y (a ) = 0 = y (b ) y (a) = 0 = y(b)
In (2014) the researchers J. Huang, Q. H. Aliqifiary, Y. Li

Let M = max { y( x) } : x ∈ [ a, b] , since y (a) = 0 = y (b) , established the super stability of the linear differential
equations.
there exists x0 ∈ (a, b)
y ''( x) + p( x) y '( x) + q( x) y( x) = 0
Such that y ( x0 ) = M . By Taylor formula, we have With boundary conditions y (a) = 0 = y (b)
y ''(δ )
y ( a ) = y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 )( x0 − a ) + ( x0 − a ) 2 , Where
2!
y ''(η ) y ∈ c 2 [ a , b ] , p ∈ c1 [ a , b ] , q ∈ c 0 [ a , b ] , −∞ < a < b < +∞
y (b) = y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 )(b − x0 ) + (b − x0 ) 2 ,
2!
Where δ ,η ∈ ( a, b )
Then the aim of this paper is to investigate the super
stability of third-order linear differential homogeneous
2M equations by extending the work of J. Huang, Q. H.
Thus y ''(δ ) = , Aliqifiary and Y. Li using the standard procedures of them.
( x0 − a )
2
2M Lemma( 2) .Let y ∈ c3 [ a, b] and y (a ) = 0 = y (b ) , then

y '' (η ) =
( x0 − b) 2 (b − a )
3
 ( a + b)  max y ( x) ≤ max y '''( x)

On the case x0 ∈  a, , we have 48
 2 
Proof
{
Let M = max y ( x) : x ∈ a, b [ ]} since y (a ) = 0 = y (b ) there exists:
x0 ∈ ( a, b ) Such that y ( x0 ) = M
By Taylor’s formula we have

y ''( x0 ) y '''(δ )
y ( a ) = y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 )( x0 − a ) + ( x0 − a ) + ( x0 − a ) ,
2 3
2! 3!
y ''( x0 ) y '''(η )
y (b) = y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 )(b − x0 ) + (b − x0 ) 2 + (b − x0 )3 ,
2! 3!
y ''( x0 ) y '''(δ )
⇒ y (a ) ≤ y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 ) ( x0 − a ) + ( x0 − a ) + ( x0 − a ) ,
2 3
2! 3!
y ''( x0 ) y '''(η )
And ⇒ y (b) ≤ y ( x0 ) + y '( x0 ) (b − x0 ) + (b − x0 )2 + (b − x0 )3 ,
2! 3!
Where δ ,η ∈ ( a, b )
3! M 6M
Thus y '''(δ ) = =
( x0 − a ) 3
( x0 − a )3
3! M 6M
And y '''(η ) = =
(b − x0 ) 3
(b − x0 )3
 a + b a+b
For the case x0 ∈  a,  that is a < x0 ≤ ,we have
 2  2
6M 6M 6M 48M
≥ = =
( x0 − a ) 3
 a+b 
3
(b − a ) 3
(b − a )3
 − a 
 2  8
a + b  a+b
And for the case x0 ∈  , b  ,that is ≤ x0 < b we have
 2  2
6M 6M 6M 48M
≥ = =
(b − x0 ) b−a (b − a ) (b − a )
3 3 3 3
 
 2  8
6M 48M
⇒ ≥
( b − x0 ) (b − a )
3 3
48M 48
Thus max y '''( x) ≥ = max y ( x)
(b − a ) 3
(b − a)3
48
from max y '''( x) ≥ max y ( x)
(b − a )3
(b − a)3
⇒ max y ( x) ≤ max y '''( x)
48
Theorem 2. Consider y '''( x ) + m ( x ) y ''( x ) + p ( x ) y '( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 ------------------ (5)
with boundary conditions y ( a ) =0= y ( b )
where y ∈ c3 [ a, b ] , m ∈ c 2 [ a, b ] , p ∈ c ' [ a, b] , q ∈ c 0 [ a, b ] − ∞ < a < b < +∞

If
+ − ′ + ′ − 2′ + − 2 −
< -------(6)

Then (5) has the super stability with boundary conditions y (a ) = 0 = y ( b )

Proof
Suppose that y ∈ c 3 [ a, b ] satisfies the inequality:
y '''( x) + m( x) y ''( x) + p( x) y '( x) + q( x) y ( x) ≤ ε ------------ (7) for some ε > 0
Let U ( x ) = y '''( x ) + m( x ) y ''( x ) + p ( x) y '( x) q ( x ) y ( x) --------- (8)
For all x ∈ [ a, b] and define z ( x ) by

x
1
−
2∫p (τ ) dτ
y ( x ) = z ( x )e a
--------- (9)
And by taking the first, second and third derivative of (9)

That is
1 x
′  ′ 1  −2
y ( x) =  z − zp  e ∫ p (τ )dτ
 2  a
x
1
 2∫
− p (τ ) dτ
 1 1
y′′( x) =  z ′′ − z ′p − zp′ + zp 2  e a
 2 4 
x
1
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
− ∫p (τ ) dτ
y '''( x) =  z '''− z '' p − z '' p − z ' p′ + z ′p 2 − z ′p′ − zp′′ + zpp′ + z ′p 2 + zp − zp 3  e
2
a
 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 8 
And by substituting (9) and its first, second and third derivatives in (8) we get
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u ( x) =  z '''− z '' p − z '' p − z ' p '+ z ' p 2 − z ' p '− zp ''+ zpp '+ z ' p 2 + pz − zp 3 +
 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 8
x
1
 1 1   1  − ∫p (τ ) dτ
]e
2
m  z ''− z ' p − zp '+ zp 2  + p  z '− zp  + zq a
 2 4   2 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=  z '''− z '' p − z '' p − z ' p '+ z ' p 2 − z ' p '− zp ''+ zpp '+ z ' p 2 + zp − zp 3 +
 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 8
x
1
1 1 1 − ∫p (τ ) dτ
]e
2
mz ''− z ' mp − zmp '+ zmp 2 + pz '− zp 2 + qz a
2 4 2
 3 3 3 1 1 1 1
=  z '''+ mz ''− z '' p + z ' p − z ' mp − z ' p '+ z ' p 2 + qz + zp + zpp '− zmp '− zp ''+
 2 2 4 2 4 2 2
x
1
1 1 1 − ∫p (τ ) dτ
]e
2
zmp 2 − zp 2 − zp 3 a
4 2 8
 3   3 3 
= [ z '''+  m − p  z ''+  p − mp − p '+ p 2  z '+
 2   2 4 
x
1
 1 1 1 3 − ∫p (τ ) dτ
]e
2
 q + ( p − p '') + ( pp '− 2mp '+ mp − 2 p ) − p  z
2 2 a
 2 4 8 
3 2 3
p − p '+ p
3 4 2
Now choose m = p and m =
2 p
By doing this the coefficients of z ''( x ) and z '( x ) will vanish.

To check whether the relation holds or not, for
3 2 3
p − p '+ p
3 4 2
p=
2 p
3 2 3 2 3
⇒ p = p − p '+ p
2 4 2
3 3
⇒ p ' = p − p2
2 4
3  3 
⇒ p' = p 1 − p
2  4 
3 dp  3 
= p 1 − p
2 dx  4 
dp 2
⇒ = dx using partial fraction
 3  3
p 1 − p 
 4 
3
1 1
Since + 4 =
1 − p p 1 − 
p 3 3
p
4  4 
 3 
1 4  dp = 2 dx
 + 3  --------(*)
 p 1− p  3
 4 
By integrating both sides of (*) we have
3 2
ln p − ln 1 − p = x + c1
4 3
p 2
⇒ ln = x + c1
3
1− p 3
4
2
p x
⇒ = Ce 3
3
1− p
4
2
 3 
x
p = Ce 1 − p 
3
 4 
2 2
x 3 x
= Ce 3
− Cpe 3
4
3
2
x
2
x  3 2x 
p + Cpe 3 = Ce 3 = p  1 + Ce 3 
4  4 
2
x
Ce 3 3
p= 2
⇒ m= p
3 x 2
1 + Ce 3
4
 2 
3  Ce 3 
x
m=  2

2 3 3x 
 1 + Ce 
 4 
x
1
 1 1 1 3  − 2 ∫a p (τ ) dτ
Then z '''+  q + ( p − p '') + ( pp '− 2 mp '+ mp 2
− 2 p 2
) − p  ze = u ( x)
 2 4 8 
 1 1 1 
Then from the inequality (7) we get z '''+  q + ( p − p '') + ( pp '− 2mp '+ mp 2 − 2 p 2 ) − p3  z =
 2 4 8 
x x
1 1
∫p (τ ) dτ ∫
p (τ ) dτ
≤ εe
2 2
u ( x) e a a
x
1
−
2∫p (τ ) dτ
From the boundary condition y ( a ) = 0 = y (b) and y ( x ) = z ( x )e a
We have z ( a ) = 0 = z (b )
1 1 1
Define β ( x) = q + ( p − p '') + ( pp '− 2mp '+ mp 2 − 2 p 2 ) − p3
2 4 8
x x
1 1
∫p (τ ) dτ ∫p (τ ) dτ
z '''( x) + β z ( x) = u ( x) e ≤ εe
2 2
a a
Then
Using lemma (2)
(b − a )
3
max z ( x) ≤ max z '''( x)

48
(b − a)
3
≤  max z '''( x) + β z ( x) + max β max z ( x) 

48
 1 ∫ p (τ ) dτ 
x
(b − a ) ( b − a ) max β max z ( x)
3 3
 2 
≤ max e a  ε +
48   48
 
x
1
∫
p (τ ) dτ
< ∞ on the interval [ a, b]
2
Since max e a
Hence, there exists a constant K > 0 such that

z ( x) ≤ k ε For all x ∈ [ a, b]
x
1
− ∫p (τ ) dτ
< ∞ on the interval [ a, b] which implies that there exists a constant such that K ' > 0
2
More over max e a
 1x 
y ( x) = z ( x) exp  − ∫ p(τ )dτ 
 2a 
  1x  
≤ max exp  − ∫ p(τ )dτ   k ε ≤ k ' ε
  2a  
⇒ y( x) ≤ k ' ε
Then y '''( x ) + m ( x ) y ''( x ) + p ( x ) y '( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 has super stability with boundary conditions
y (a ) = 0 = y (b )
Example
Consider the differential equation below
 2   2 
3  e3
x
  e3x 
y '''+  2
 y ''+  2
 y '+ y = 0 ----------- (10)
2 3 3x   3 3x 
 1 + e   1 + e 
 4   4 
With boundary conditions y ( a ) = 0 = y (b )
 2  2
3  e 3
x
 e3
x
Where y ∈ c [ a, b] ,   ∈ c [ a, b] , ∈ c1 [ a, b] ,1∈ c0 [ a, b] , −∞ < a < b < +∞

3 2
2 2
2  3 3x  3 x
 1+ e  1 + e3
 4  4
′′  ′  ′
 
 2  2  2  2 2  2
1 e 3
x
 e3 x   1  e3x   e3 x   e3x  e 3 x 
If max 1 +  2
− 2
 +  2
 2
 − 3 2
 2
 +
2 3 3x  3 3x   4  1+ 3 e3x   1+ 3 e3x   1+ 3 e3 x  1 + 3 e 3 x 
 1+ e  1 + e       
 4  4    4  4   4  4 
 
2 2 3
 2  2   2   2 
3  e3
x
 e 3 x   e3x  1  e3 x  48
   − 2  −   < 3 --------- (11)
2  3 23 x ( b − a)
2 2 2
 1 + 3 e 3 x   1+ 3 e3 x  8  1+ 3 e3x 
 1+ e      
 4  4   4   4 
Then (10) has super stability with boundary conditions y ( a ) = 0 = y ( b )
Suppose that y ∈ c 3 [ a, b ] satisfies the inequality
 2   2 
3  e3   e3 x 
x
y′′′ +   y′′ +   y′ + y ≤ ε ,for some ε > 0 --------- (12)

2  3 23 x 
2
 1+ 3 e3x 
 1+ e   
 4   4 
 2   2 
3  e3
x
  e3x 
Let v(x) = y ′′′ +  2
 y′′ +  2
 y′ + y ------- (13)
2 3 3x   1+ 3 e3x 
 1+ e   
 4   4 
For all x ∈ [ a, b] and define z ( x ) by
2
x x
1 e3
−
2 ∫ 3 x
2
dτ
a
1+ e 3
y ( x ) = z ( x )e 4
----- (14)
2
x
   − 1 ∫ e 3 2 dτ
x
 2
 1  e3
x
  2 a 1+ 3 e 3 x
y′ =  z ′ − z  2
e 4
 2  3 3x  
  1 + e 
  4 
′
  1 x e3x
2
2
  2   2  2   − 2 ∫a 3 2 x
  e 3
x
 1  e3x  1  e3 x   e 1+ 4 e 3
y′′ =  z′′ − z′  2
− z 2
 +  2
 
 3 3x  2  1+ 3 e3x  4  1+ 3 e3x 
  1+ e      
  4   4   4  
 
' 2
  2   2   2   2 
 1  e3
x
  e3 x   e3x  1  e3x 
y ′′′ =  z ′′′ − z ′′  2
 − z ′′  2
 − z′  2
 + z′  2
 −
 2  3 3x   1+ 3 e3 x  1+ 3 e3x  2  1+ 3 e3x 
  1 + e       
  4   4   4   4 
 2 ′  2 ′′  2 ′  2 
1  e3  1  e3x  1  e3 x   e3 x 
x
z′   − z  + z  +
2  3 23 x 2
 2  1+ 3 e3 x
2
 4  1+ 3 e3x
2
  1+ 3 e3 x 
 1+ e      
 4   4   4  4 
2
2 3 x x
 2   2   2  −
1
∫
e3
dτ
  1  e3 x   
x x 2 2
3 x
1 e3 1 e3 a
1+ e 3
z′   +  z − z  )e 4
4  3 23 x 2
 2  1+ 3 e3 x  8  3 23 x 
 1+ e    1+ e 
 4   4   4 
By substituting (14) and its first, second and third derivatives in (13) we get
   2   2 
  3  e3 x  3  e3 x  
 z′′′ +   2
−  2
  z′′ +
  2  3 3x  2  3 3x 
   1+ e   1+ e  
   4   4 
′
 2 
 2  2  2   2  2  
 e 3
x
3  e 3
x
  e3x  3  e3x  3  e3x   z′
 3 2x − 2  3 2x  2
−  2
 +  2
 
 1+ e3    1+ 3 e3 x  2  1+ 3 e3x  4  1+ 3 e3x 
 1+ e3       
 4  4  4   4   4  
 
′′ ′  ′

  2   2  2  2 2  2
 1  e 3
x
  e3
x
 1  e3 x
  e3 x
  e3x  e 3 x 
+ 1 +  −  +    − 3  
2  3 23 x   3 23 x 2 2
 4  1+ 3 e3 x   1+ 3 e3 x 
2
 1+ 3 e3x
2
 1 + 3 e 3 x 
  1+ e   1+ e       
  4   4   4  4   4  4 

2
2 2 3 x
      
x
1 e3
2 2 2 2 − ∫ dτ
3  e3  e3x   e3x  1  e3 
x x 2 2
3 x
a
1+ e 3
+  2
 2
 − 2 2
 −  2
 ) z  e 4
2 3 x  3 x   3 x  8 3 x 
1 + e3 1 + e3  1 + e3  1 + e3 
 4  4   4   4 
Since z ' and z ′′
 
′′  ′  ′
 
   2  2  2  2 2  2
  1 e 3
x
 e3
x
  1  e3x   e3 x   e3x   e3 x 
v( x) =  z ′′′ + 1 +  2
− 2
 +  2
 2
 − 3 2
 2

 
2 3
 1+ e
x
 1+ 3 e3 x   4  1+ 3 e3x   1+ 3 e3 x   1+ 3 e3x   1+ 3 e3x 
3
       
   4  4    4  4   4  4 
   
2
2 2 3 x
      
x
1 e3
2 2 2 2 − ∫ dτ
3  e3   e3 x   e3x  1  e3x 
x 2 2
3 x
a
1+ e 3
+  2
 2
 − 2 2
 −  2
 ) z  e 4
2 3 3x  3 3x   3 3x  8 3 3x 
1+ e 1+ e  1+ e  1+ e 
 4  4   4   4 
Then from inequality (12) we get

′′  ′  ′
 
  2  2  2  2 2  2
 1 e 3
x
 e3
x
  1  e3 x  e 3 x   e3 x  e 3 x 
z ′′′ + 1 +  2
− 2
 +  2
 2
 − 3 2
 2

2 3 3x  3 x   4 1+ 3 e3x  1 + 3 e 3 x  1+ 3 e3x  1 + 3 e 3 x 
  1+ e  1+ e3       
  4  4    4  4   4  4 
  
2 2 3
 2  2   2   2 
3  e3   e3x   e3x  1  e3x 
x
+  2
 2
 − 2 2
 −  2
 )z
2 3 3x  3 3x   3 3x  8 3 3x 
1+ e 1+ e  1+ e  1+ e 
 4  4   4   4 
 2   2 
 1 x e3x   1 x e3x 
= v( x) exp  ∫ 2
dτ  ≤ exp  ∫ 3 2 x  ε
dτ
2 a 3 3x  2a
 1+ e   1 + e3 
 4   4 
From the boundary condition y ( a ) = 0 = y (b) and
 2 
 1 x e3x 
y ( x) = z ( x) exp  − ∫ 2
dτ  we have z ( a ) = 0 = z (b )
 2a 3 3x 
 1+ e 
 4 
Define:
′′  ′  ′
 
 2  2  2  2 2  2
1 e 3
x
 e3x   1  e3 x  e 3 x   e3x  e 3 x 
β = 1+  2
− 2
 +  2
 2
 − 3 2
 2

2 3 3x  3 3x   4  1+ 3 e3x  1 + 3 e 3 x   1+ 3 e3x  1 + 3 e 3 x 
 1+ e  1 + e       
 4  4    4  4   4  4 
 
2 2 3
 2  2   2   2 
3  e3   e3x   e3x  1  e3x 
x
+  2
 2
 − 2 2
 −  2

2 3 3x  3 3x   3 3x  8 3 3x 
1+ e 1+ e  1+ e  1+ e 
 4  4   4   4 
 2   2 
 1 x e3x   1 x e3x 
Then z ′′′ + β z ( x ) = v ( x ) exp  ∫ 2
dτ  ≤ exp  ∫ 2
dτ  ε
 2 a 1+ 3 e3 x   2 a 1+ 3 e3x 
   
 4   4 
using lemma (2)
(b − a )
3
max z ( x) ≤ max z '''( x)

48
(b − a )
3
≤
48  max z′′′ + β z ( x) + max β max z ( x) 
  2 
(b − a )   1 x e3x   ( b − a)
3 3
≤ max exp  ∫ 2
dτ   ε + max β max z ( x)
48   2 3 x   48
 1 + e3
a
 
 4  
  2 
  1 x e3x  
since max exp  ∫ 2
d τ   < ∞ on the interval [ a, b]
  2 3 x 
 1 + e3
a
 
 4  
Hence there exists a constants k > 0 such that z ( x) ≤ kε
 2 
 1 x e3x 
y ( x) = z ( x) exp  − ∫ 2
d τ 
 2a 3 3x 
 1+ e 
 4 
  2 
  1 x e3x  
≤ max exp − ∫
 2
dτ   k ε ≤ k ' ε
  2a 3 x 
 1 + e3 
  4  
⇒ y ( x) ≤ k 'ε
 2   2 
3  e3
x
  e3x 
Then the differential equation y′′′ +  2
 y′′ +  2
 y′ + y = 0
2 3 3x  1+ 3 e3x 
1+ e   
 4   4 
Has the super stability with boundary condition y ( a ) = 0 = y (b ) on closed bounded interval [ a, b ]

′′  ′  ′
 
  2  2  2  2 2  2
 1 e 3
x
 e3 x   1  e3 x   e3 x   e3 x   e3 x 
max  1 +  2
− 2
 +  2
 2
 − 3 2
 2
 +
 2  1 + 3 e 3 x  1 + 3 e 3 x   4  1+ 3 e3x
 
  1+ 3 e3x



 1+ 3 e3x

  1+ 3 e3x



  4  4    4  4   4  4 
To show the   
2 2 3
 2  2   2   2 
3  e3  e3x   e3x  1  e3x 
x
   − 2  −   }< 48
− − − − − −(**)
(b − a )
2 2 2 2 3
2 3 3x  3 3x   3 3x  8 3 3x 
1+ e 1+ e  1+ e  1+ e 
 4  4   4   4 
To make our work simple we simplify the expression (**)
Then the simplified form of (**) is
 5
2
x 15  2
x 
2
35  2
x 
3
33  2
x 
4

 e3 +  e3  +  e3  −  e3  
 6 8  32   128    48
max  1 + < 3 ---------- (***)
 (b − a)
4
  3 3x 
2
 1 + e  
  2  
Figure:1
 2
5 3 x 15  3 x  35  3 x 
2 2 2 3
33  3 x 
2 4

 e + e  + e  − e  
 6 8  32   128    48
The graph which shows the max  1 + <
 (b − a )
4 3
  3 3x 
2
  1+ e  
  2  
Conclusion
In this study, the super stability of third order linear third order linear ordinary differential homogeneous
ordinary differential homogeneous equation in the form of equation with Dirchilet boundary condition.
y ′′′( x ) + m ( x ) y′′( x ) + p ( x ) y ′( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 with
boundary condition was established. And the standard In this thesis the super stability of third order ordinary
work of JinghaoHuang, QusuayH.Alqifiary, Yongjin Li on differential homogeneous equation was established using
investigating the super stability of second order linear the same procedure coming researcher can extend for
ordinary differential homogeneous equation with super stability of higher order differential homogeneous
boundary condition is extended to the super stability of equation.
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The Super Stability of Third Order Linear Ordinary Differential Homogeneous Equation With Boundary Condition

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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN:

The Super Stability off Third Order Linear Ordinary Differential

ABSTRACT paper Dawit Kechine

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29149

There exists a solution y0 of the differential equation ϕ ( f , y, y ',..., y ( n ) ) ≤ ε K.....(1)

automatic control theory such as robust analysis, design of

With boundary conditions y ( a ) = y (b) = 0 Let k =

In (2014) the researchers J. Huang, Q. H. Aliqifiary, Y. Li

2M Lemma( 2) .Let y ∈ c3 [ a, b] and y (a ) = 0 = y (b ) , then

 ( a + b)  max y ( x) ≤ max y '''( x)

By Taylor’s formula we have

Theorem 2. Consider y '''( x ) + m ( x ) y ''( x ) + p ( x ) y '( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 ------------------ (5)

with boundary conditions y ( a ) =0= y ( b )

where y ∈ c3 [ a, b ] , m ∈ c 2 [ a, b ] , p ∈ c ' [ a, b] , q ∈ c 0 [ a, b ] − ∞ < a < b < +∞

Then (5) has the super stability with boundary conditions y (a ) = 0 = y ( b )

Suppose that y ∈ c 3 [ a, b ] satisfies the inequality:

y '''( x) + m( x) y ''( x) + p( x) y '( x) + q( x) y ( x) ≤ ε ------------ (7) for some ε > 0

Let U ( x ) = y '''( x ) + m( x ) y ''( x ) + p ( x) y '( x) q ( x ) y ( x) --------- (8)

For all x ∈ [ a, b] and define z ( x ) by

And by taking the first, second and third derivative of (9)

By doing this the coefficients of z ''( x ) and z '( x ) will vanish.

By integrating both sides of (*) we have

max z ( x) ≤ max z '''( x)

≤  max z '''( x) + β z ( x) + max β max z ( x) 

Hence, there exists a constant K > 0 such that

Where y ∈ c [ a, b] ,   ∈ c [ a, b] , ∈ c1 [ a, b] ,1∈ c0 [ a, b] , −∞ < a < b < +∞

Then (10) has super stability with boundary conditions y ( a ) = 0 = y ( b )

Suppose that y ∈ c 3 [ a, b ] satisfies the inequality

y′′′ +   y′′ +   y′ + y ≤ ε ,for some ε > 0 --------- (12)

Since z ' and z ′′

Then from inequality (12) we get

From the boundary condition y ( a ) = 0 = y (b) and

max z ( x) ≤ max z '''( x)

To make our work simple we simplify the expression (**)

Then the simplified form of (**) is

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