Learn Java Programming

The Definitive Guide

Java is a popular general-purpose programming language and computing platform. It is fast, reliable, and
secure. According to Oracle, the company that owns Java, Java runs on 3 billion devices worldwide.

Considering the number of Java developers, devices running Java, and companies adapting it, it's safe to
say that Java will be around for many years to come.

This guide will provide everything you need to know about Java programming language before you learn
it. More specifically, you will learn about features of Java programming, its applications, reasons to learn
it, and how you can learn it the right way.

Java Tutorial

INTRODUCTION

Java Hello World

Java JVM, JRE and JDK

Java Data Types

Java Operators

Java Input and Output

Java Expressions & Blocks

Java Comment

FLOW CONTROL

Java if...else

Java switch Statement

Java for Loop

Java for-each Loop

Java while Loop

Java break Statement

Java continue Statement

JAVA OOP (I)

Java Class and Objects

Java Methods

Java Constructor

Java Access Modifiers

Java this keyword

Java Lambda Expression

Java Recursion

Java instanceof Operator

JAVA OOP (II)

Java Inheritance

Java Method Overriding

Java super Keyword

Abstract Class & Method

Java Interfaces

Java Polymorphism

Java Encapsulation

JAVA OOP (III)

Nested & Inner Class

Java Static Class

Java Anonymous Class

Java Singleton

Java enum Class

Java enum Constructor

Java enum String

Java Reflection

JAVA EXCEPTION HANDLING

Java Exceptions

Java Exception Handling

Java throw and throws

Java catch Multiple Exceptions

Java catch Multiple Exceptions

Java try-with-resources

JAVA COLLECTIONS FRAMEWORK (I)

Java Collectons Framework

Java List Interface

Java ArrayList

Java Vector

Java LinkedList

Java Stack Class

JAVA COLLECTIONS FRAMEWORK (II)

Java Queue Interface

Java BlockingQueue Interface

Java ArrayBlockingQueue

Java LinkedBlockingQueue

Java Deque Interface

Java ArrayDeque

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What is Java Programming Language?

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Before getting started on Java programming, lets get familiarized with the language first.

Why Java was Created? A Brief History

Features of Java Programming Language

Java is platform independent

Java was built with the philosophy of "write once, run anywhere" (WORA). The Java code (pure Java
code and libraries) you write on one platform (operating system) will run on other platforms with no
modification.

To run Java, an abstract machine called Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is used. The JVM executes the Java
bytecode. Then, the CPU executes the JVM. Since all JVMs works exactly the same, the same code works
on other operating systems as well, making Java platform-independent.

An object-oriented Language

There are different styles of programming. Object-oriented approach is one of the popular programming
styles. In object-oriented programming, a complex problem is divided into smaller sets by creating
objects. This makes your code reusable, has design benefits, and makes code easier to maintain.

Many programming languages including Java, Python, and C++ has object-oriented features. If you are
serious about programming, you should definitely learn object-oriented style of programming.
Java is fast

The earlier versions of Java were criticized for being slow. However, things are completely different now.
The new JVMs are significantly faster. And, the CPU that executes JVM are also getting more and more
powerful.

Now, Java is one of the fastest programming languages. Well optimized Java code is nearly as fast as
lower level languages like C/C++, and much faster than Python, PHP etc.

Java is secure

The Java platform provides various features for security of Java applications. Some of the high-level
features that Java handles are:

- provides secure platform for developing and running applications

- automatic memory management, reduces memory corruption and vulnerabilities

- provides secure communication by protecting the integrity and privacy of data transmitted

Large Standard Library

One of the reasons why Java is widely used is because of the availability of huge standard library. The
Java environment has hundreds of classes and methods under different packages to help software
developers like us. For example,

java.lang - for advanced features of strings, arrays etc.

java.util - for data structures, regular expressions, date and time functions etc.

java.io - for file i/o, exception handling etc.

Applications of Java
Java Terminologies You Need to Know Before You Start

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Learning a new programming language can be challenging. You will hear a lot of new terms which can be
overwhelming for a newbie. So, we have decided to explain a few terms that you are likely to hear in the
world of Java programming language.

Note, this is not the complete list of Java Glossary. Instead, it's a list of terms you should know before
you start learning Java programming.

Java - Java is a set of technologies (programming language and computing platform) for creating and
running software. However, Java is often used to refer Java programming language for simplicity.

Java programming language - A powerful, general-purpose, platform-independent, object-oriented

programming language.

Java 8 - Java 8 is the latest major release for Java. Our Java tutorial will include all major features of Java
8.

Java EE, Java ME and Java SE - Java EE, Java ME and Java SE stands for Java Platform Enterprise Edition,
Micro Edition, and standard edition respectively.

Java EE is targeted for applications which run on servers. Java ME is targeted for resource-limited
devices like embedded devices. And, Java SE is the basic Java environment used for creating standard
programs.

If you are a java programming newbie, we recommend you to start with J2SE.

JVM - JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine that enables your computer to run a Java
program.
JRE - JRE (Java Runtime Environment) contains JVM, supporting libraries, and other components to run a
Java program. However, it doesn't contain any compiler and debugger.

JDK - JDK (Java Development Kit) contains JRE and tools such as compilers and debuggers for developing
Java applications.

Run Java on your OS

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Run Java on Mac OS X

Run Java in on Linux

Run Java on Windows (XP, 7, 8 and 10)

To run Java Programming in Windows, you'll need to install two things: JAVA SE Development Kit (JDK)
and IDE to create your Java Projects.

Follow this step by step guide to get started.

Install Java

Go to the Downloads page of Java Standard Edition Development Kit.

Under Java SE Development Kit section, click Accept License agreement at the top of the table. Then,
click the download link for Windows (x64) if you have a 64-bit system, or Windows (x86) if you have a
32-bit system.

Download Java JDK

After download, open the setup file and follow the instructions. Click Next. Select all features by
selecting "This feature will be installed on local hard drive" and copy the installation location
(highlighted by yellow) in a Notepad. And, click next again.

Enable all features in JAVA

During the installation, you'll be prompted to install JRE. Click Next and you're done. Click the Finish
button to complete the installation.

Now, you need to edit the PATH variable. Go to Control Panel > System and Security > System. Click on
Advanced system settings on the left to get System Properties window.

Setting environment variables in Java

Click on Environment Variables. Then, on the lower System variables section, find Path and click Edit on
the following window.

Java path variables

Next, select all text in the Variable Value textbox, and copy and paste it in another Notepad file. This will
make it easier for you to edit and check.

Check if the text already contains C:\ProgramData\ Oracle\Java\javapath;. If yes, you can go to the next
step.

If no, copy the earlier copied installation location in the front and append bin; to the end like:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_112\bin;.For you, the JDK version jdk1.8.0_112 might be different.

Copy the whole text and paste it in the earlier PATH's Variable Value textbox.

Java path variable append

Click Ok to save the changes.

To check if Java was properly installed, open Command Prompt by typing cmd in Windows search or
using Run window (Windows Key + R), and type java -version to get similar output as below. If you do,
congratulations you've successfully installed Java. If not, check the Oracle's Download Help

Install IntelliJ IDEA

Go to IntelliJ IDEA Downloads page.

Download the Community Edition of IntelliJ IDEA which is free. Click the Download button.

IntelliJ IDEA download page

After download, open the setup file and follow the instructions (Next > Next). Then, create Desktop
shortcut for 64-bit launcher, and add associations for .java (Select the ones you want). Click Next again
and Install.

Intellij IDEA installation options

Now, open IntelliJ IDEA from your Desktop shortcut.

Select Do not import settings and click Ok. Then, accept the Jetbrains Privacy Policy by clicking Accept
button.

IntelliJ IDEA will now allow you to customize its interface. You can skip all and set defaults, or choose
your custom changes. If you're unsure, just click Skip All and Set Defaults.

You'll now be greeted with a Welcome page. Select Create New Project.

In the next window, select Java on the left window and click New at the top to select JDK. Here, select
the installation location of the JDK we copied during the Java installation.

Intellij IDEA JDK selection

IntelliJ IDEA now recognizes the JDK installed. Don't check any of the options below and click Next.

Now, write the name of your project: HelloWorld (or anything you want) and click Finish. If it says the
directory doesn't exist, just click Ok. (If you don't see a sidebar on the left of the window, Go to View >
Tool Windows > Project).

Now, to add a new Java class, select src folder on the left > right click > New > Java Class. Write the
name of your class. Make sure you don't have spaces in the class name.

Creating new Java class in IntelliJ IDEA

Write your Java code and save it.

To run the program, go to Run > Run... Then, click on HelloWorld (or your project) which will build the
executable file and run it.

Running Java program in IntelliJ IDEA

Your First Java Program

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Often, a program called Hello World is used to introduce a new programming language to beginners.
It is a simple program that outputs Hello, World!. In this section, you will learn to write the same
program in Java using Eclipse.

Open IntelliJ IDEA.

Go to File > New > Project... > Java (on the left navigation)

Give the Project Name. We will call it Hello World for now and click Finish

Now, you need to create a new Java class.

Select HelloWorld's src folder in the left sidebar. When it is selected, go to File > New > Java Class and
give Name to the class and click Ok. We will call it HelloWorld.

Copy the following code in HelloWorld.java file and save it. (Shortcut: Ctrl +S, or Cmd +S for Mac)

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// prints "Hello, World!"

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

Finally, hit run button. If everything goes right, you will see Hello, World! output on the screen.

To learn in detail on how this program works, visit Java Hello World program.

How to Learn Java?

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Learn Java from Programiz

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Our tutorials are designed for beginners who do not have any prior knowledge of Java. Each tutorial is
written in depth with examples and detailed explanation.

Official Java Documentation

Oracle, the company that owns Java, provides quality Java Tutorials. The Java tutorial describes the
features in Java SE 8, and is continuously updated to keep up with changes to the Java Platform.

Note: Official Java Documentation may not be the easiest of the tutorials to follow.

Recommended Java Books

If you are serious about learning programming, you should get yourself a good book.

Granted, reading a 1000 page book takes a lot of time and patience. However, following a good Java
book will help you learn Java programming, the way it should be learned.