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1. What is Structure?
Structure is a combination of different Fields, which is having same Data type or Different Data type fields.
Structure is a skeletal view of a table, which is having the definition of columns and don’t have any contents.
Structure is also called as ‘Work area’.
Whenever we create a structure it will be allocate some physical memory. Every structure or work area can be
holds only one record in run time of your program
1. Append structures,
2. Include structures.
2. What are the differences between Append and Include structures?
APPEND structure is one where for a table we use append structure and within this we implement the required
fields along with its properties.....These are custom defined fields
INCLUDE structure is one which is been appended to a table, but already the include structure has fields with
its properties....These are SAP defined fields.
3. What is an Internal table?
Internal table is a combination of different fields. internal table is a dynamic sequential memory buffer, allocate
some memory during the run time. If we want to hold multiple records we need to have an internal table, which is
used to holds multiple records in runtime only.
a. Standard internal tables are index tables and Purely works basing on the Index.
b. The standard internal table ‘KEY’ is always NON-UNIQUE key.
c. We can use APPEND, INSERT and COLLECT statements for Standard Internal tables.
d. Supports Linear and Binary search for READ Standard Internal tables.
e. We can use READ, MODIFY, and DELETE lines statements for Standard Internal tables by referring to the
Index.
a. Sorted internal tables also index tables and Purely works basing on the Index as well as KEY.
b. The Sorted internal tables KEY is either UNIQUE KEY or NON-UNIQUE KEY and must specify any one.
c. We can use only INSERT statement and can’t use APPEND and COLLECT for Sorted internal tables.
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d. Supports BINARY Search only for READ Sorted Internal tables.
a. Hashed internal tables are NOT index tables and Purely works basing on the KEY.
b. The Hashed internal tables KEY is always UNIQUE KEY.
c. We can use only INSERT statement and can’t use APPEND and COLLECT for Hashed internal tables.
d. Supports LINEAR search only, for READ Hashed internal tables.
6. Which methods use to pass the records from work area to internal table body?
We are going to using three methods to pass the records from work area to an internal table, There are:
APPEND: This command inserts a new record at the end of the table.
INSERT : This command inserts a new record at the given index,
COLLECT: This is used for summation purpose. it will add the numeric values of the new record to the existing
record without changing the non numeric values..
Generally we have two types of internal table key’s are available: There are:
We can use the command INITIAL SIZE 0 for declaration of internal table size. Internal table size means to assign
the initial lines to storage memory.
INITIAL SIZE <n> parameter: With <n>, you specify an initial number of lines for the internal table.
Ex:
DATA: TT_TAB TYPE SORTED TABLE OF TY_TAB WITH UNIQUE KEY STD_NO INITIAL SIZE 0.
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The maximum size of an internal table and that size is less than 8K, you can increase the system’s performance
by specifying the maximum size in the INITIAL SIZE <n> parameter.
10. What is the difference between READ TABLE and DESCRIBE TABLE in internal tables? ***
READ TABLE is used to READ (search) single record From the internal table.
The above statements will read the record from the internal table it_vbak and places them in work area
wa_vbak.
DESCRIBE TABLE is used to Know the records of the internal table.
READ TABLE command is used to search the record From an internal table. READ TABLE command works
basing on two methods, there are:
12. What is the difference between Linear search and Binary search?
Linear search is nothing but processing sequentially one by one line searching.
Ex: There are 9 numbers, we have to find 7
123456789
Linear search: we proceed 1 by 1: it takes 7 iterations
Binary search: (total records divide by 2 parts) we take middle value( 5) compare with 7 now we are left with
6789
we compare (8) and (7) with 7 ... Thus process completed in 2 iterations
Binary search is one of the fastest way to find the record from the internal table.
Whenever we use BINARY SEARCH, Must go to SORT the internal table in ASCENDING/DESCENDING ORDER, Then
only we will get the exact results.
Ex: SORT IT_TAB BY KUNNR LAND1 NAME1.
We have three methods for using Initialize the Structure and internal tables, there are:
1. CLEAR :
The CLEAR <structure> statement with the help of initialize the Variable or Structures.
2. REFRESH: The REFRESH <internal table> statement deletes all it table lines. The table storage space is
not released. The header line remains unchanged.
3. FREE: The FREE <internal table> statement releases the storage space required for a table. The header
line remains unchanged.
The aggregate functions MIN, MAX, AVG, SUM, and COUNT are a valuable tool for accumulating values across
the entire table or a subset of the table rows based on the conditions in the WHERE clause.
a. Notice there is no ENDSELECT because the aggregate SELECT statement does not return multiple
records.
17. What is the difference between Key and Index? ***
Key: The purpose of KEY is used to maintain Uniqueness and avoid the duplicate records from an Internal
tables.
Index: INDEX does not helps to maintain Uniqueness and helps to improving the performance of Select
Queries.
20. Without using modify statement how can we modify the table?
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ALTER TABLE : IT_TAB from ST_TAB. Or use <FS> Field Symbols.
21. How do I know the number of records in a table? ***
DESCRIBE TABLE – it’s Related to an Internal Table, which is used to know how many records we have to storing in
an Internal Table.
SY-DBCNT – it’s Related to Database Table. Which is used to know how many records we have to retrieve after
select statement.
22. What are the differences between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? ***
it returns the value 2. If the system cannot find an entry, SY-SUBRC is set to 4.
Clustered and pooled tables are different from transparent tables, and those are stored internally by the R/3
system. They cannot be converted to Open SQL and processed directly as the R/3 system imposes restrictions.
Joins that include clustered or pooled tables are decomposed and processed using ABAP nested join logic.
25. What are the pre requisites for FOR ALL ENTRIES?
(Or) How to improve the performance of For all entries?
Prerequisite: whenever we are going to use FOR ALL ENTRIES statement for basing on an internal table, those
internal table are must have some records or NOT INITIAL and have some common fields with the table you want
to fetch data into.
26. Have you done performance tuning? What are the things you are going to do in performance tuning? ***
Yes. ST05 is one of the transaction for check Performance of your program it’s called as SQL trace.
Transaction SE30 is another way to check Run time Analysis.
SLIN transaction for Extended program check. (Program > Check > Extended Program check).
To check Computer Aided Test Tool (CATT) by using transaction SCAT.
The WHERE condition that is used in inner loops expend a significant amount of processing time. The idea is to
avoid where conditions in the inner loops by maintaining the loop indexes (From) manually.
29. What is the difference between FOR ALL ENTRIES and JOINS?
Inner Join: Retrieves data from Data base tables based on the 'WITH KEY' fields which you have mentioned in
your 'SELECT' query. It also depends on the 'WHERE' condition. In total the 'Inner Join' is filtering the data at
DATABASE LEVEL.
For all entries: Here at first you are going to fetch data from Db1 into itab1 for specified condition. then again
you will use one more select query to fetch the values from DB2 for the corresponding entries in internal table
itab1.
30. What is the difference between Inner join and Left outer join?
An inner join of A and B gives the result of A intersect B, i.e. the inner part of a venn diagram intersection.
An outer join of A and B gives the results of A union B, i.e. the outer parts of a venn diagram union.
Examples
Suppose you have two Tables, with a single column each, and data as follows:
A B
- -
1 3
2 4
3 5
4 6
Note that (1,2) are unique to A, (3,4) are common, and (5,6) are unique to B.
Inner join
An inner join using either of the equivalent queries gives the intersection of the two tables, i.e. the two rows they
have in common.
a | b
--+--
3 | 3
4 | 4
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Left outer join
A left outer join will give all rows in A, plus any common rows in B.
a | b
--+-----
1 | null
2 | null
3 | 3
4 | 4
31. What is the difference between Developer access key and Object access key?
1) Developer Access Key - To Create/Change any Custom Object you will required Developer access key .
System asks Developer access key only once, whenever login Developer in first time for system recognize as
Developer.
2) Object Access key - This key will be available in service.sap.com. if you change or modifying the standard
SAP Logic system will be asks Object access key.
32. What are the types of data we have in SAP & give some examples?
The following graphic shows the different data types that are used in ABAP. Data types form a part of the ABAP
Type Hierarchy.
Data types can be divided into elementary, reference, and complex types.
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DEBUGGING
34. What are the differences between Classical and New Debugger? ***
The classic ABAP Debugger runs in the same roll area as the analyzed application. It is therefore displayed in
the same window as the application.
The new ABAP Debugger is executed in its own main mode (external mode), while the application to be
analyzed (debug ) uses a second main mode (two-process architecture). The new Debugger is therefore displayed in
its own window of the SAP GUI.
Watch points allow you the option of monitoring the content of individual variables.
The Debugger stops as soon as the value of the monitored variable changes.
In addition, conditions can be specified. The Debugger also checks whether such a condition is fulfilled.
In the Watch points area, you will see a list of all the watch points set so far. For each watch point you will see not
only the current value but the value before the last changed.
A breakpoint is a signal at a particular point in the program that tells the ABAP runtime processor to interrupt
processing and start the Debugger. The Debugger is activated when the program reaches this point. Max 30
breakpoints we can use.
There is a special kind of breakpoint called a watchpoint. When you use watchpoints, the Debugger is not
activated until the contents of a particular field change ie...Watchpoints allow you the option of monitoring the
content of individual variables.The Debugger stops as soon as the value of the monitored variable changes.You can
use max of 5 watchpoints.
Break Point means when you want to stop the control to the desired statement. then you go for the break
point .
Example: IF you have 10 lines of code and if you put a break point at line number 80. then if the control comes to
the line number 80. then the debugger will stop automatically othewise it will flow further.
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Watch point: when you want to see if any variable value is chagned to some other value and in that case you
should go for the watch point..
Example: if you variable "FLAG" is value '0' initaily.. now if you want to see the when this flag gets changed to value
'1'. Then in that case you should go for the watch point...
System Debugging
If you set this option, the Debugger is also activated for system programs (programs with status S in their program
attributes). When you save breakpoints, the System Debugging setting is also saved.
Normal Debugging
Normal debugging is the one we do it by the normal dynamic break points or by /H or by using static break points.
Single Step: (F5) Executes the report line by line. This is useful if the user wants to see the program
execute one line at a time.
Execute: (F6) Processes all of the steps associated with one line of code. For example, one line of code
may be a call to a subroutine. Execute will process that line without showing all of the activities inside
the subroutine.
Return: (F7) Returns the user to where the calling program resumes control after a called routine.
Continue: (F8) Processes all statements until a breakpoint or the end of the program is reached. If no
breakpoints exist, the system will execute the report in its entirety without stopping.
DATA DICTIONARY
1. Database tables
2. Views
3. Data types
4. Type Groups
5. Domain
6. Search helps and
7. Lock Objects.
41. What are the differences between Transparent , Pooled and Clustered tables? ***
I. Transparent tables :
· Transparent tables allows secondary indexes. (SE11->Display Table->Indexes)
· Transparent tables Can be buffered. (SE11->Display Table->technical settings) Regularly or heavily updated
tables should not be buffered.
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II. Pooled Tables (match codes, look up tables)
· Pooled tables Should be accessed via primary key .
· Pooled tables Should be buffered (SE11->Display Table->technical settings)
· Pooled tables does not have secondary indexes
· Select * is Ok because all columns retrieved anyway
42. What are the differences between Domain and Data element? ***
Domains:
Domain is the Central object, which is used to Describes the technical characteristics of an attribute like Data
type, Input and Output length and Value range of that Field.
Data Element:
Data element is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like Filed Description, Attributes,
Domain declaration and Field label.
43. What is the difference between Data class and Delivery class? ***
DATA CLASS: The Data class, which is used to Defines the physical area of the Database in which your table is
logically stored.
The most important Data classes are (other than the system data):
There are two more data classes available, USR and USR1. These are reserved for user developments.
DELIVERY CLASS: The Delivery class, which is used to Defines, What type of Data is going to be stored into your
Database table. The delivery class is also used in the extended table maintenance.
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● S- System table, data changes have the status of program changes.
● W- System table (for example table of the development environment)
Yes, we can create a Field without create domain by using an option called ‘Pre-Defined type’ of the Data
element. Here we provide Data type and Field length.
45. Can I create a Filed without Data element? ***
Yes, we can create a Field without Create Data element. Here we can referred a Data type along with Length.
Ex: NAME TYPE CHAR20.
46. In my database table I am going create a Field with Data element, in this Data element I have used to Pre-
defined data type and Provide Data type and Length, and I am try to save this data element what message It
can be displays?
Here we have provided only Pre-defined values, not given Field Label…so here we are getting ‘Maintain field
label Information message’.
47. I have a table with some fields along with data, I have add Five fields in this table and try to save this table,
what message am getting? What am do now? ***
Here we have some fields along with data, we are going to try to add some new fields and try to save this table,
we are getting an Error message with ‘Structure change at Field level, (convert table).
The purpose of Technical settings in Data Dictionary, which is used to define the Data class, Size category,
Buffering permission and buffering type For a Database table.
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This parameter defines whether the system logs changes to the table entries. If logging is switched on, the
system records each change to a table record in a log table.
Table Maintenance Generator (TMG) is an User Interface tool, which is used to Maintain or Customize the
Entries from the Database table. Ex: Create new entries, Change an existing entries and Delete an entry From the
Database table.
Go to SE11 --> enter your table name- -> click to change button- -> go to Utilities - -> select table maintenance
generator.
Provide Function group
Provide Authorization group
Provide Maintenance screen -> single step or two step
Provide Maintenance screen no.
Then Create and Save.
If you want to check the TMG by the transaction SM30 or SM31.
51. What are the Mandatory Parameters pass in the TMG? ***
1. Function Group
2. Authorization group
3. Maintenance type and
4. Maintenance Screen no.
52. What is the difference between Single step maintenance and Two step maintenance?
Single step: Only overview screen is created i.e. the Table Maintenance Program will have only one screen
where you can add, delete or edit records.
Two step: Two screens namely the overview screen and Single screen are created. The user can see the key
fields in the first screen and can further go on to edit further details.
53. How will you create a Transaction code for TMG? ***
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54. I have an database table along with two fields as CREATE DATE and CREATE PERSON, for those fields are
having Gray out (Not Possible input) on selection screen..whenever I create an entry then click save the
database table records automatically updated with CURRENT DATE and USER NAME? how it possible?
Whenever we are going to use Select statement for Fetch the record from the Database table, If the
table's is buffering enabled, the Fetched record was going to be saved into Buffer (RAM) on the application
server.
Later, if that same data was Fetch again, it’s going to Directly Fetched from the Buffer, Not going to the
Database.
Single Buffered - Fetch the one by one record from the Database table.
Generic Buffered - Fetch the records Basing on the WHERE condition.
Fully Buffered - Fetch the ALL records from the Database table.
We are going to use Buffer for only Master data tables, because Master data tables are Rarely updated and
Regularly used.
Buffer Does not recommended for regularly updated data tables like..Transaction data tables, these are
regularly updated records, so buffer (RAM) loss newly updated records.
60. What are the differences between Maintenance view and Database view?
Database view:
Can be used instead of Inner Joins in ABAP program
Cannot be update multiple tables at a time.
Maintenance view:
Cannot be used in ABAP Open SQL statements. Only through Table maintenance (SM30) we can update the
Data.
61. Have you created lock objects and what is the purpose of lock objects? ***
Yes.
Lock object is one of the Concept of Data Dictionary, which is used to avoid the Data in-consistency, at the time
of Data is being insert/change into database.
Technically:
Lock object name always starts with ‘EZ’. Whenever we create a lock object, Automatically the System is going to
create two function modules, there are:
1. ENQUEUE_<Lock object name>. To Request the Lock for Object.
2. DEQUEUE_<Lock object name>. To Release the Lock for Object.
63. Have you created search help exit and what is the purpose?
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Yes.
Search help exits are used to restrict the standard search help returned values according to users’ requirement.
Example: Scenario: When User1 require only Material type as Finished goods and User2 require only Material type
as Raw material, for this scenario we can use search help exit.
Go to Transaction SE37 for Create user defined Function modules…if we want create a Function modules first
we need to create a Function group and it’s always in active state. Function Groups are created by SE37 as well as
SE80.
66. Within a Function group how many Function Modules can be created?
67. Within a Function module can I write CALL SCREEN, CALL TRANSACTION statements? ***
No.
68. What are the types of Function modules we have in SAP? ***
69. What are the differences between Update Function module and Normal Function module?
70. What are the differences between Normal function module and RFC function module? ***
1) Normal function module only called within the server...but RFC can be called across the server.
2) We can access data from RFC function module from non sap also...but not possible for normal function
modules.
3) We always use pass by value mode in RFC's but in Normal function module we can use pass by value or pass
by reference.
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71. What are the differences between Synchronous update and Asynchronous update with examples?
In Synchronous process: the data is updated into one by one record and the process is waiting for some
Acknowledgement.
In Asynchronous process: the whole data was updated in at a time, doesn’t waiting for any Acknowledgement,
it’s means performance was automatically de-grades.
- A “LUW” (Logical Unit of work) is the span of time during which any database updates must be performed .
Either they are all performed ( committed ) , or they are all thrown away ( rolled back ).
There are:
1. Database LUW
2. SAP LUW
73. What are the differences between Database LUW & SAP LUW? ***
DB LUW :
When it is called it locks the rows , Update the rows & commit the rows issued by auto Commit.
SAP LUW :
Collection of Business reports is called SAPLUW and Issuing the Commit like UPDATE,INSERT,MODIFY statements
are valid Commit work is given by Developer Side.
74. What is the purpose of Commit Work and Rollback Work? ***
The statement COMMIT WORK can be completes the current LUW process and opens a new one. And Storing
all change requests in the current LUW and processing it.
The statement ROLLBACK WORK can be close the current LUW process and opens a new one. And canceled
all change requests of the current LUW.
Bundling is an ABAP programming technique which collects database changes and performs these together at
the end of a transaction.
76. What are the differences between external sub routines and Includes?
External subroutine is perform statement is one program and form routine is in another program.
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includes are mainly using for data declaration and subroutines are using for passing values to form routine.
you can change the value by using subroutine but you can not change the value in include program.
Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition.
Macros can take max 9 parameters.
Macros are expanded at compilation / generation.
Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program there defined in and other programs .
Subroutines can take any amount of parameters.
Subroutines are 'expanded' at runtime.
78. What are the differences between Data type and Reference variable?
REPORTS
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d. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE REQUEST FOR P_TEST,
e. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON HELP REQUEST FOR P_TEST,
3. START-OF-SELECTION,
4. END-OF-SELECTION,
5. TOP-OF-PAGE,
6. END-OF-PAGE.
82. In classical reports we have to using ‘INITIALIZATION’ and ‘AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT’ events, which
one is going to triggered first? ***
In this scenario, AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT event is going to be triggered in First, then triggered
INITIALIZATION event.
In classical reports events AT SELECTION-SCREEN is going to triggered in multiple. It’s called as a Special event.
83. What are the events we have in Interactive reports? ***
Events of Interactive reports:
1. AT LINE-SELECTION,
2. AT USER COMMAND,
3. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION,
4. AT PFn.
84. What are the Control level processing events or AT EVENTS? ***
Control level processing events are also called as AT EVENTS or Loop processing events. We are going to use AT
EVENTS within the Loop statement only. We have Four types of AT EVENTS available, there are:
a. AT FIRST
b. AT NEW
c. AT END OF
d. AT LAST
Totally We have 19 Events available in ALV reports, regularly we are going to use only some Important events
for build ALV reports, there are:
1. PF_STATUS_SET
2. USER_COMMAND
3. TOP_OF_PAGE
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4. END_OF_PAGE
5. TOP_OF_LIST
6. END_OF_LIST
7. AFTER_LINE_OUTPUT
8. BEFORE_LINE_OUTPUT etc.
If we want to use those Events, before we need to use a Function module like REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET
and Collect events in an Internal table.
Blocked ALV :
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88. In ALV Grid display output, am going to display 10 Fields. Here I’d like to Display 2 fields with Fixed and unable
to drag? What I am do now?
If we want to display those fields with fixed length and Unable to drag, we are going to make it those fields as
‘Key fields’ by using Field catalog.
Another difference is that parameter acts as a variable whereas select option acts as an internal table with a
predefined structure.
Parameters takes single value and we use ‘EQ’ ( = ) in where condition for that field.
When you declare select-options a selection tables like Internal table with 4 fields like SIGN, OPTION, LOW and
HIGH gets created to store the multiple values that are entered in the select -options. and we use IN in where
condition for that select-options field
90. What are the differences between Ranges and Select-options?
Select-options are the normal select options that you define on Selection screen.
While Ranges are similar to Select options in the way it creates a internal table of the same form as that of Select-
options. The internal table that is created has the fields
SIGN
OPTION
LOW
HIGH.
But the difference between Select-options and ranges are that we don't need to define the ranges in Selection
screen. It is created by explicitly coding in the Program.
91. What is the difference between AT NEW and ON CHANGE OF? ***
AT NEW can be used only inside the Loop. ON CHANGE OF can be used only outside the Loop.
Before using Loop processing Events (AT NEW), First we need to SORT the internal table by basing on key fields.
Go to the transaction SM37 and select the background job (with job status ‘Active’) that you want to debug.
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Select the work process where this job is running and then choose the menu path : Program/Mode
ProgramDebugging.
If you want to analyze the Background job status, we are going to use transaction SM37. Give your job name and
Execute. Or t code JDBG.
Sometimes you may have a requirement to schedule a back ground jobs, based on the current month in the
selection screen. Variants are client dependent and the variant values are stored in a cluster table names as VARI.
Variants are Client dependent and the variant values are stored in a Cluster table name as VARI.
97. In my program I’m writing logic, certain logic should be executed in background job & certain logic should be
executed in foreground. How do we differentiate that logic? ***
The SAP Memory is a memory area to which all sessions of a SAP logon have common access. In ABAP
programs, the SET PARAMETER and GET PARAMETER commands can be used to access the so-called SPA/GPA
parameters stored in the SAP Memory
SET and GET PARAMETERS are used for SEND data to SAP memory and RETRIVE the data from SAP memory.
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SET PARAMTER ID ‘aun’ FIELD S_VBELN-LOW.
The memory area of each main session has an area called ABAP Memory, which the programs in the internal
session can access with EXPORT TO MEMORY and IMPORT FROM MEMORY
EXPORT and IMPORT parameters are used for EXPORTING data into ABAP memory and IMPORTING data from
ABAP memory.
100. What are the differences between Perform and Perform on commit?
The statement of PERFORM ON COMMIT is registers the subroutine directly specified using subr in the same
program. The subroutine is not executed immediately, but a flag is set for execution when one of the
statements COMMIT WORK or ROLLBACK WORK.
101. How to upload Excel file data into an internal table? ***
Using a function module ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE for upload EXCEL file data into an Internal table.
If we want to Download Internal table data into Excel file we can use Function module is GUI_DOWNLOAD.
SAP SCRIPTS
Scripts are developed in SAP and it will be maintained into STXH table, which has MANDT field. So, we can say
scripts are Client Dependent.
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103. Scripts are Language dependent or Independent? ***
SAP scripts are Language dependent, because of a script form is available in multiple languages.
Whenever we create a SAP script, we are going to create three components, there are:
We have 7 types of Sub – objects in every SAP script Form, there are:
1. Header
2. Pages
3. Windows
4. Page windows
5. Paragraph formats
6. Character formats
7. Documentation.
106. What are the types of windows available in SAP scripts? ***
1. Main Window :
Each Form must have one window the type of MAIN. Such window is called as main window of the form. Print
pages count is depending on the Main window data in run time. Don’t lose any data.
Every page we have use max 99 MAIN window. (00-98). It controls the page break.
2. Variable Window:
Variable window having fixed size and it’s display some fixed size of data only. It’s not support for Page break.
3. Constant Window :
4. Graphic Window:
We are going to use Graphic window for upload and Display a Logo into SAP script form.
We are going to create Standard Text for SAP scripts by using Transaction code is SO10.
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108. How am going to assign Standard Text to a Request or Task? ***
We are going to use a standard program RSTXTRAN for assign Standard text to a Request or to a Task.
109. What is SYMBOLS and types of SYMBOLS we have using in SAP scripts?
The term SYMBOLS are nothing but Variable, which is used to Populate the System data as well as Program
data in SAP Scripts. We have 4 types of SYMBOLS categorized in SAP Scripts, there are:
110. How do you copy a Form from one client to another client? ***
We can Copy the Form (SAP Script) using Transaction code SE71
Utilities -> Copy from Client (or Using standard program RSTXFCPY)
Provide the:
Source Form name,
Source Client and
Target Form name.
In real time SAP not recommended to use this process because if you have some standard text, does not copy.
So, We are going to use Transaction SCC1 for copy a Form from one client to another client.
Also we are going to Copy the Form from one server to another we can use the standard program is RSTXSCRP.
111. How do you find request number for a form in SAP scripts? ***
Go to transaction SE03 and click search for objects under request, then Enter ‘FORM’ and your Form name and
execute it. Then we can find given Form request number.
Generally we are going to know the Form available languages by using SE71 transaction and Given your Form
name and click Display …Go to Utilities menu and select Versions, here we know the Form activate Languages.
1. In SE71 screen, Enter your Form name and go to Utilities-->activate debugger … then Execute the print program
… it will be go to debugging mode..
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2.We have an another approach to debug a Form by using Standard Program RSTXDBUG…and Execute this
Program for activate Debugger…then Run the print program, it will go for debugging mode.
114. How you are going to upload a Logo in SAP scripts? ***
We are going to use a standard program RSTXLDMC for upload .TIFF format files into SAP scripts.
If you want to call this .TIFF file Logo, you can write this command within your page window:
If you want to upload .BMP (BITMAP) format logo files into SAP, we are going to use the transaction SE78 (Logo
repository).
If you want to call this .BMP file Logo, you can write this command within your page window:
In SAP scripts the Control commands are helps to Format the final output of your Form. These Control
commands are passed to the SAP script composer to process a Form. Ex: NEW-PAGE, NEW-WINDOW, ADDRESS-
ENDADDRESS etc.
ADDRESS – ENDADDRESS is a Control command, which is used to populate the Address for country specific
format in SAP scripts.
PROTECTS – ENDPROTECT is a Control command, which is used to prevent the Page-Break in SAP scripts. I have
Script form with two pages and along with Data, If I want to Populate the data in only one page.. Don’t want to split
the data into two pages..in this scenario we are going to use a Control command like PROTECT - ENDPROTECT.
118. I have two Pages, I would like to print two pages data into one page only? What I am do?
In this scenario we are going to use a Control command like PROTECT – ENDPROTECT for prevent Page-Breaks.
119. Without modifying driver program I have add some fields in a Form and how to populate values into that
fields?
We are going to add some fields by using a Control command like DEFINE in Form Level…and Populate the
values for DEFINED fields, we are going to write the logic within the PERFORM – ENDPERFORM.
We can use a Control command NEW-PAGE for provide Page-Break Manually, the next content will be go for
print in Next page.
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121. I want to Draw a Box on Form? What is the syntax? ***
If we want to Draw a Box on Form, we are going to use the syntax is:
Text Elements are the only way to transfer the data from report program to FORM using WRITE _FORM
Function Module.
123. In SAP scripts how can I provide space between Word to Word?
If we want create a custom Barcode will go to transaction SE73. If we want to use this Barcode on your
form...we are going to create an character format type click Barcode check box and use custom created Barcode
name here.
125. In SAP scripts I want one page in Landscape format and another one is Portrait format? How can I achieve?*
126. In SAP scripts the Box height is automatically adjusted based on the number of records on a Internal table?
How is it possible?
In this scenario first we need to describe internal table records and collect into a Variable.
Then we can use this variable (GV_LINES) for define Box height, then automatically adjust the table height
basing on internal table records.
Syntax: /: BOX XPOS ‘2’ CM YPOS ‘2’ CM WIDTH ‘20’ CH HEIGHT &GV_LINES& LN .
Yes, it’s possible by using transaction SE71 and go to Utilities -> Activate debugger
Then go to your driver program (SE38) and execute it, we can debug by pages or windows by using ‘/H’.
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128. I have a requirement how to print Header data under the item data and as well as item data under the
Header data? Is it possible, how can do this?
Yes, we can achieve this. Within the driver program we can write the logic as First Loop the Header data table
and within the Loop we can write another Loop of Item data table basing on header field value and collect the data
into a final table …now we can use this final table for WRITE_FORM function module.
129. What are the types of Function modules we have in SAP scripts?
OPEN_FORM: it opens the form for printing (called only once) and should be closed with END_FORM.
START_FORM: is used when u have multiple pages (forms) to be printed in one output.( can be called many
times)
If we want to convert sap script to a PDF form, we are going to write the logic within your driver program and
we have use COLSE_FORM function module.
Within this COLSE_FORM function module we have TABLES parameter and collect the data into an Internal table
(OTF data).
Then we can Convert OTF data to PDF by using SX_OBJECT_CONVERT_OTF_PDF function module.
Go to SE71 enter your form name click Display…then Go to Form -> check - > Texts. you can appears a print
program name.
We have an another approach to find driver program of your form. Go to table TTXFP contents, enter your form
name and Execute it.
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SMARTFORMS
134. What is the difference between SAP scripts and Smartforms? ***
1. Scripts are client dependent, while Smart forms are client independent.
2. we can’t rum scripts without a print program, while in Smart forms we can run without print program.
3. In scripts we can’t print background logo, while in Smart forms we can print background logo.
4. In scripts we can use max 99 main windows per page , while in Smart forms we can use only 1 main
window.(we have also create without main window)
5. scripts does not have any database connectivity, while Smart forms have direct database connectivity.
6. In scripts does not support color font, while Smart forms support color print .
7. Scripts does not Net-enable, while smart forms are net-enabled.
8. in scripts we can use Standard text (SO10) , in smart forms we can use standard text as well as Text modules.
9. Scripts support Labels and smart form does not support Labels.
136. What is the difference between Standard text (SO10) and Text modules (SMARTFORMS)?
a. Standard text are client dependent, while Text modules are client independent.
b. Standard text are Language dependent , while Text modules are language independent.
c. Standard text are not transportable, while text modules are transportable.
d. Standard text are stored in STXH, STXL tables, while text modules are stored in SSFSCREEN table.
137. How can I transport a SMARTFORM from one language to another language? ***
We are going to use transaction SE63, and go to Translation -> ABAP objects -> Other Long text
Here expand Forms and Styles, then Double click on SSF for smart forms.
Enter your Smart form name and enter your Source and target language.
Go to transaction SE03 and click search for objects in the request, then Enter ‘SSFO’ and your SMARTFORM
name and execute it. Then we can find given Form request number.
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4. Final window.
142. In SMARTFORMS I have a requirement Page 1 directly go to Page3? How can I do?
In SMARTFORMS every page attributes we have an option called NEXT PAGE …within a page1 attributes we
define the Next page as Page3.
143. What is the difference between Table and Template in SMARTFORMS? ***
The template, which is used to hold static data because the number of rows and columns are fixed.
The tables are used to hold dynamic data and increase the number of rows depending on the run time data.
If we can put a template within a Loop…the last one record may be displaying by data is over writes because
of template having Fixed rows and columns and it holds static data only.
145. What is the difference between Table and Loop in SMARTFORMS? ***
The basic difference between Table and Loop is: within a table we cannot call another table and within a Loop
we can call another Loop.
The Line type, which is used to defines the number of Cells and size of the cells of your Template line or Table
line in SMARTFORMS.
Alternative Node consist of two options: TRUE or FALSE. Which is used to print the content basing on the
condition is TRUE or FALSE.
If you want to print some content, basing on the condition is TRUE, we are going to write the logic under TRUE
node.
or If you want to print some content, basing on the condition is TRUE, we are going to write the logic under
FALSE node.
With the help of FOLDER NODE, we can achieve the PROTECT-ENDPROTECT, which is used to populate the
records in same page without any Page-break.
Execute (F8) your SMARTFORM - >Display FM -> FM attribute -> Double click on Program name -> Double click
on user defined include program ->Put the break-point where we can debug.
SMARTFORM TRACE, which is used to trace WARNINGS and ERRORS of a SAMRTFORM as well as trace
a SMARTFORM working levels.
We are going to use transaction SFTRACE for trace a SMARTFORM.
SMARTFORM TRACE helps to Debug a SMARTFORM in non-modifiable client.
We are going to use transaction SFTRACE for trace a SMARTFORM working levels.
Switch on the TRACE and run the SMARTFORM and Switch off Trace and analyze.
First we are going to call the system generated SMARTFORM Function Module into your Driver
program.
Then we can change the Function module name and collect into a variable by using
SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME function module.
Then we can use the variable name instead of system generated Function Module.
Then pass the required importing parameters and execute your Form directly from your driver
program.
If we want to capture long text into your form, we are going to use READ_TEXT Function module.
Here we can pass ID, LANGUAGE, NAME and OBJECT parameters and collect the captured data into a table.
Yes, I have created a couple of forms like INVOICE FORMS, SALES ORDER FORMS, DELIVERY FORMS CREDIT
FORMS etc.
Yes, I have done some changes of standard forms like Purchase order (MEDRUCK), Sales order confirmation
(RVORDER01), Invoice (RVINVOICE01) and Delivery note etc.
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157. What kind of Invoice form you work?
I have worked on various Invoice forms like Proforma Invoice, Standard Invoice, Consignment Invoice and
Third party Invoice.
158. SAP provides some standard forms, why are u created custom forms?
As per client requirement, I’d like to add some more Fields, Descriptions and Company Terms and conditions
as well as company Logo etc. SAP standard forms does not support for client requirement because of I have
created some custom Forms.
If we know the SMARTFORM name …we can directly go to TNAPR table contents and enter your SAMRTFORM
name in the SFORM filed and execute it…we can find the Driver program for given SMARTFORM.
160. If I provide a Document number only, how you find the Form name and Driver program? ***
In this situation first we need to know the output type of the Given document number.. with the help of NAST
table contents, Enter your Document Number with in the Object key (OBJKY) filed and execute it…and we can see
an output type (Message type ) for the given Document number.
If you want to see the program associated to the particular output type, then go to transaction NACE --> Select
the Application area (V1 - Sales) --> Click on Output type --> Select your output type and Double click
on Processing routine --> Here you may find the Program name and Forms used in the given output type.
161. What are the steps to configure output types? Have you configure any output type?
Yes, I have converted some standard script forms into SMARTFORMS as well as I have created some custom
SMARTFORMS as per client requirement.
Steps: Go to SMARTFORMS transaction enter your Zform name Utilities Migration Import SAP script
forms Give your SAP script name and Language ok .
163. I know Driver program and FORM name, How can I find output type? ***
Go to TNAPR table contents by using transaction SE11 and Enter your Print program name or SMARTFORM
name and Execute it…here we find the Output type (Message type) for Given print program or SMARTFORMS.
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Module pool programs does not executed in Background mode, Because Module pool programs must have a
Transaction code for execute in foreground also, does not execute without transaction code..these transaction
codes cannot provide in background mode...this is the one reason.
another one is Module pool programs having 'n' number of screens as well as buttons...every screen must
having manual interaction (click the push buttons or enter field values etc).. manual interaction not possible in
Background mode....so we can't run the module pools in Background mode...
In this scenario I am going to create a new .TXT file in my presentation system with maintain following Fields:
[FUNCTION]
COMMAND = /H
TITLE = DEBUGGER
TYPE = SYSTEMCOMMAND
Whenever we want to debug a Pop-up window, drag this .txt file on to pop-up window then click ok…it will be
going to debug mode automatically.
If you want to Validate a group of fields on a Screen, in this situation we are going to put those fields in
between CHAIN- ENDCHAIN in statement.
In Dialog programming or Module pool programming we can achieve the Screen Fields validations by using
CHAIN – ENDCHAIN statement. We will put the screen fields in between CHAIN –ENDCHAIN statement.
OK_CODE is a variable which is used to collect the screen attributes related Function codes.
Whenever click on Push buttons or some Action, the Action related function code will be captured into OK_CODE
variable. OK_CODE is type of system variable SY-UCOMM. Every button related action will be written basing on this
OK_CODE value (Function code).
Module exit.
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Case OK_CODE.
When 'Exit'.
leave to screen 0.
In Module Pool programming we have Four types of events available, there are:
1. Process Before Output (PBO)
2. Process After Input (PAI)
3. Process on Help Request (POH)
4. Process on Value Request (POV)
We have two default events available in Module pool programming, there are:
a. Process Before Output (PBO) and
b. Process After Input (PAI)
Examples
Initializing screen fields, inserting default values, positioning the cursor, showing and hiding fields and changing
field attributes dynamically.
Examples
Checking values where there is no automatic check, processing the cursor position, processing correct entries or
triggering an error dialog.
172. Can I call POV and POH events before calling PAI event? ***
In Module pool programming PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST (POV) and PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST (POH) both
events are Sub-events of PAI event, so not possible to use without PAI event…
173. I have created custom field in the screen, for that field how can I provide value help or F4 help?
If we provide F4 help (Value Help) for a field in module pool program, the logic will be going to write under the
Process On Value- request (POV) event.
Provide F4 help for this field, the Logic written in POV event.
CALL SCREEN : Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you want to prevent the
called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can use the CALL SCREEN statement with the
STARTING AT and ENDING AT
CALL SCREEN 1000. (or)
CALL SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20.
LEAVE SCREEN : statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.
LEAVE SCREEN.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000.
175. What is the difference between CALL SCREEN and SET SCREEN? ***
Where we have write the CALL SCREEN statement, leaving the remaining code in current screen and will be
process the called screen immediately. After finish the called screen process and come back to first screen and
triggering remaining code.
if we can use SET SCREEN processes the remaining statements of the current screen and then goes to the called
screen.
176. What is the difference between LEAVE SCREEN and SET SCREEN?
if we have to use SET SCREEN, it’s processes the remaining statements of the current screen and then goes to
called screen.
If we have to use LEAVE SCREEN statement, Leaves the current screen and processes the next screen.
LEAVE SCREEN. (for leaves the current screen PAI and triggers sequence screen)
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200. (Leaves 100 screen PAI and triggers 200 screen)
177. What is the difference between CALL SCREEN and LEAVE SCREEN and SET SCREEN?
CALL SCREEN : Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence.
LEAVE SCREEN : statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.
LEAVE SCREEN.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000.
SET SCREEN : statement processes the remaining statements of the current screen and then goes to the called
screen.
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178. What is the purpose of SET SCREEN?
With SET SCREEN the current screen simply specifies the next screen in the chain , control branches to this
next screen as soon as the current screen has been processed .Return from next screen to current screen is not
automatic .It does not interrupt processing of the current screen. If we want to branch to the next screen without
finishing the current one ,use LEAVE SCREEN.
179. What is the difference between Normal screen and Sub-screen? ***
1. Normal Screen having OK_CODE, while Sub screens does not have OK_CODE.
2. Normal Screen having GUI status, while Sub screens does not have GUI status.
3. From Normal Screen calls another Screen, while from Sub screens does not call another Screen or Sub
screen.
4. Normal Screens having MODULE EXIT-COMMAND, while Sub screens does not have MODULE EXIT-
COMMAND.
The main difference between Normal screen and Sub –screens:
Normal screen are Directly called by using CALL SCREEN statement and Sub-screens does not call Directly. If we
want to call sub-screens into a screen must declare a SUB-SCREEN AREA.
Yes..it’s possible.
If you want to create Select-options Directly not possible in Module pool program.
a. Here first we need to Create a SUB SCREEN and Define SELECT-OPTIONS with in Top include of your
Module pool program.
b. Then we need to have a Screen and Define a SUB SCREEN AREA for calling User defined SUB SCREEN.
c. Then we need to call this SUB SCREEN with in the SUB SCREEN area by define a logic at PAI and PBO
events of a SCREEN.
CALL SUB SCREEN <sub screen area name> INCLUDING SY-REPID ‘sub screen no’.
When you add radio buttons to a screen, the Screen Painter automatically creates a one-character screen
field for the button. You should declare a corresponding one-character variable for the radio buttons in your ABAP
module top-include.
Ex:
We are going to define Radio-buttons with the help of Screen painter layout (SE51)..and whenever you
defined Radio-buttons must assign to a Radio Button group.
And Assign the Function code for All Radio-buttons as same. We are going to write the Logic of your Radio-
buttons in PAI event of your screen by using Function codes.
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182. How can I handle Check boxes in DP? ***
When you add Check boxes to a screen, the Screen Painter automatically creates a one-character screen field
for the Check box. You should declare a corresponding one-character variable for the Check boxes in your ABAP
module top-include.
Ex:
CB2 TYPE C,
CB3 TYPE C.
We are going to define Check boxes with the help of Screen painter layout (SE51).. We are going to write the
Logic of your Check boxes in PAI event of your screen Basing on Check box Function code.
184. How do I handle TAB-STRIPS in DP? What are the steps to create a TAB_STRIPS in DP?
A TAB STRIP control is a screen object consisting of two or more pages. The TAB STRIP control is the set of all
the tab pages. When you create a TAB STRIP control, you must:
The syntax for calling Sub screens in Module pool program we are going to use :
In PBO of main screen
CALL SUB SCREEN <sub screen area name> INCLUDING SY-REPID ‘sub screen no’.
CALL SUB SCREEN sub1 INCLUDING SY-REPID ‘0100’.
186. What are the steps to create a Table control in DP? ***
1. Define a Table control on a screen area and must define the Table fields.
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2. Whenever you define a table control on your screen you must going to Declare table control name and
declare a structure and internal table along with using table control fields with in the top include.
3. Write the table control logic at Screen PBO and PAI events of your screen.
4. And Loop the internal table with control <mytab> Table control name at PBO event of your screen.
188. In my screen I have some fields and two push buttons, if I click on one button the fields are gray-out
(disable) and click on another button that fields are enable? How can I achieve? ***
In this scenario I am going to write the logic at PBO event of Screen. Here I was handle the screen attributes
basing on the Single character FLAG variable, it’s define in top-include.
At PBO event we are going to Loop the SCREEN and assign the SCREEN-INPUT values basing on the FLAG value
‘X’.
AT PAI event of your Screen, whenever you click a GRAYOUT button, the FLAG value assign as ‘X’.
At PBO event we are going to write the logic basing on this FLAG = ‘X’.
If click OPEN button, the FLAG value assign as ‘ ‘ (SPACE), we are going to write the OPEN button logic at PBO
event basing on FLAG value is INITIAL.
(or)
In this scenario we are going to write the logic at PBO event of your screen basing on the FLAG variable value.
The logic is:
IF FLAG IS INITIAL.
LOOP AT SCREEN.
IF SCREEN-NAME = 'NAME'. “screen field name
SCREEN-INPUT = 0. “input disable
MODIFY SCREEN.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ELSE.
LOOP AT SCREEN.
IF SCREEN-NAME = 'NAME'.
SCREEN-INPUT = 1. “input enable
MODIFY SCREEN.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.
ENDMODULE.
189. Have you created any Custom screens? What is the business requirement?
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Yes, I have created some custom screens for using Develop a Module pool programming as per client
requirement. the business requirement is whenever enter a customer details the sales order data will be
display in another screen by using table control.
Batch Data Conversion or Communication (BDC),which is used to collect the data from Legacy system (Non-
SAP) to SAP system.
191. What is the Difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous methods in BDC? ***
The main difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous methods is :
In Synchronous method: the Date processing is waiting for some Acknowledgement of record Updation.
In Asynchronous method: the Data processing does not waiting for any Acknowledgement of record Updation.
192. What are the Function modules we have using in BDC Session method? ***
In BDC session method, we are going to using three Function modules, there are:
1. BDC_OPEN_GROUP - For Open Session
2. BDC_INSERT - For Insert data
3. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - For Close Session
193. Difference between Session method and Call Transaction methods in BDC? ****
If we want to processing huge volume of data, we prefer to go for Session method and not
recommended Call transaction method,
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If we want to processing Multiple transactions, we prefer to go for Call transaction method and Session
method for supports only single transaction.
195. What is the syntax for Call Transaction method in BDC? ***
MODE: "A- display all screens, E - error screens only and N - No screens
UPDATE: "L - local update, S - synchronous and A - Asynchronous update
The purpose of BDCDATA structure, which is used to Capture the Screen Handling (SHBD) Data into a BDC
internal table. The BDC internal table type is BDCDATA structure.
The structure of BDCDATA consist five fields:
1. PROGRAM - BDC Program name
2. DYNPRO - BDC Screen Number
3. DYNBEGIN - BDC Screen start
4. FNAM - Field name
5. FVAL - Field value.
197. How do you handle the ERROR log in CALL TRANSACTION method? ***
In BDC Call transaction method, we can handling ERROR Messages by using an internal table( IT_MESS).
And the Internal table type is BDCMSGCOLL structure.
Read the IT_MESS internal table with Error MSGID and MSGNR. If you not find this record, collect the
remaining Messages into a structure.
Club the all messages into a structure, we are going to use Function module is FORMAT_MESSAGE.
indicates 1st line of table control is going to be used for transaction which is Line index of Table Control .
201. What are the Difference between BDC and BAPI? ***
What is the difference between Conversion and Interface?
BDC BAPI
1. BDC is nothing but a Data Conversion method. 1. BAPI is nothing but an Interface method.
2. BDC’s communicate the Data between Legacy to 2. BAPI’s communicate the Data between SAP
SAP system. to SAP as well as Non-SAP systems.
3. BDC’s are Prefer to Use Communicate the 3. BAPI’s are Prefer to use Communicate the
Master Data. Transactional Data.
ex: Material master, Customer Master, Vendor Ex: Sales orders, Purchase orders etc.
master.
4. Data Conversion is a one-time activity. 4. interface is used to communicate data
between two systems continuously.
Interface: it is a program that performs communication with External system from SAP.
There are two types of interfaces:
1. Inbound Interface: External system sends the data to SAP
2. Outbound Interface: SAP sends the data to External system.
202. What are the Difference between BDC and LSMW? ***
BDC LSMW
1. BDC is nothing but a Data Conversion method. 1. LSMW is a Data migration tool.
2. BDC is User Defined program not provided by 2. LSMW is R/3 Based Application tool provides by
SAP. SAP.
3. In BDC’s the Data was Converted into SAP 3. In LSMW the Data was Imported/ Migrated into
Database. SAP Database.
4. In BDC’s we can Communicate the Data Via 3 4. In LSMW we can migrate the Data via 4
methods, there are: methods, there are:
a. Direct Input method, a. Direct Input
b. Session method, b. Batch Input
c. Call transaction method. c. BAPI’s
d. IDOC’s
5. In BDC’s we can write Coding is Very flexible. 5. In LSMW we can’t write coding in Flexiblly.
203. Have you done any BDC program? What is the business requirement?
Yes, I have done BDC call transaction program for Updating Vendor master data (XK01) at the time of
Implementation.
204. How to pass the screen capture size as DEFAULT in BDC Call transaction method? ***
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In this scenario we are going to pass the value for CTU_PARAMS- DEFSIZE = ‘X’.
Yes, we can run the Call transaction program in Background. Within the Call transaction syntax we are going to
pass MODE as ‘N’. (No screens display).
LSMW (Legacy System migration Workbench)
206. Can I put a Break-point in LSMW? if I put a break-point in which Step it will be triggered? ***
Yes, We can Put a Break-Point in 5th step (Maintain Field Mapping and Conversion Rules) of LSMW.
207. Can I write some code in LSMW? In which step can I write the logic and In which step it will be triggered? **
Yes, We can write some logic in 5th step (Maintain Field Mapping and Conversion Rules) of LSMW.
And the Logic will be triggered in 11th step (Convert Data) of LSMW.
208. Can I write the WRITE statement in LSMW? In which step WRITE statement will be Triggered and which step
it will be Display? ***
Yes, We can write the WRITE statement in 5th step (Maintain Field Mapping and Conversion Rules) of LSMW.
And the WRITE statement will be triggered in 11th step (Convert Data) of LSMW.
And The WRITE statement will be Display in 12th step (Display Converted Data) of your LSMW.
The LSMW Processing Steps will be Depending on the Object type (1st step).
If Object type is Standard batch/Direct input, we need to process 14 steps.
If Object type is BAPI or IDOC, we need to processing 16 steps.
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We have six events available in LSMW, there are:
BEGIN_OF_PROCESSING - Before the beginning of data processing
BEGIN_OF_TRANSACTION - Before the beginning of transaction data processing
BEGIN_OF_RECORD - Before applying the conversion rules for a source structure
211. When I processing 100 records, in which I have 10 records which I don’t want to process. I want to SKIP/
REMOVE those records and collect them separately in a file? How can I achieve? ***
In this scenario if we want to SKIP the processing of records we can use SKIP_RECORD.
In case they are errors that you can/ want to capture before proceeding to the session. you can capture
it in the END_OF_RECORD event area for each record and move it to an internal table which can then
be downloaded in the END_OF_PROCESSING event.
212. Can I handle table control in LSMW batch input record method?
No, we cannot handle by using Batch input record method.
We are going to handle table control in LSMW by using BAPI’s or ALE/IDOC method.
214. How can I transport LSMW from one system to another system?
215. Have you created LSMW for which Application? What is the Business requirement?
Yes , I have Created some LSMW projects directly in Production system for Migration some flat file data into
SAP system as per my business requirement is Update the Vendor master Records and Customer master
records.
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RFC stands for Remote Function Call, which is used to Communicate between SAP to SAP systems, and
Communicate Data between SAP to Non-SAP system also but the Non-SAP system should be R/3 compatible.
RFC is nothing but a Function Module.
217. What are the types of RFC Function Modules we have in SAP? ***
Generally in SAP we have 4 types of RFC Function Modules available, There are:
1. Synchronous RFC,
2. Asynchronous RFC,
3. Transaction RFC and
4. Que RFC Function Module.
219. What is the difference between Synchronous RFC and Asynchronous RFC? ***
Synchronous RFC Function module are waiting for some Acknowledgement of Processing, while Asynchronous
RFC Function modules does not waiting for any Acknowledgement of Processing.
Synchronous RFC Function modules having Importing and Exporting parameters, while Asynchronous RFC
Function modules does not having any Exporting parameters.
Synchronous RFC are waiting for Acknowledgement, so it’s Using Performance issue, while Asynchronous RFC
does not waiting for Acknowledgement, so it’s Recommended to use.
Note: if you want to make it as Asynchronous, Change the Destination as aRFC mode
(SM59 Edit->aRFC),
And After calling the RFC Function modules we are going to write the command as:
Call Function ‘ZRFC_FM’
DESTINATION ‘SYST-A’
STARTING NEW TASK T1
220. What is the Drawback For using Synchronous and Asynchronous RFC Function Modules?
Whenever we using Synchronous and Asynchronous RFC Function modules for Communicate between two
systems, here we have some drawbacks.
If we want communicate two systems by using RFC Destination like Synchronous or Asynchronous,
In this scenario, if the Destination system is not available or may be shutdown, the program will be go for
dump.
Note: SAP always Recommended to use tRFC.
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221. What is the difference between BAPI’s and RFC? In which scenario we will go for BAPI’s and which
scenario we will go for RFC’s?
BAPI stands for Business Application Programming Interface. It is a library of functions that are released to the
public as an interface into an existing SAP system from an external system. A BAPI are standard SAP function
modules provided by SAP for remote access. Also they are part of Business Object Repository(BOR).
RFC stands for Remote Function Call. Which is used to Communicate with SAP to SAP systems and it does not
communicate with SAP to Non-SAP systems. If we want to communicate data between SAP to Non-SAP system, the
non-SAP system must should be R/3 compatible.
BAPIs are always developed by defining scenarios which are used to map and implement system-wide business
processes.
You can use the RFC interface for communication between SAP systems and between SAP systems and external
systems. SAP offers several interfaces that are based on RFC, such as Application Link Enabling (ALE), Business
Application Programming Interfaces (BAPIs), and RFC function modules.
222. What are the difference between Normal Function modules and RFC Function Modules?
1) Normal function module only called within the server...but RFC can be called across the server.
2) We can access data from RFC function module from non sap also...but not possible for normal function
modules.
3) We always use pass by value mode in RFC's but in Normal function module we can use pass by value or pass
by reference.
223. In RFC Function Modules some Commands does not allowed or not use? What are they? ***
In RFC Function module does not support SUBMIT, CALL SCREEN, CALL TRANSACTION and COMMIT WORK
statement.
224. What is the purpose of DESTINATION ‘BACK’ in RFC Function modules? ***
You can use the destination BACK if the current program was already called by RFC. Then, BACK refers back to
the calling program:
If the program is not called from a "remote" source, the exception COMMUNICATION_FAILURE is triggered.
If in my program does not matching some condition or occurring some error, it will be go for back by using
Destination ‘BACK’.
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The Destination NONE refers to the calling system. Function modules called with
are executed in the system of the calling program, but in their own program context.
If in runtime of my program does not find any Destination, in this scenario the program will be go for Dump. We can
avoid this Dumb by Using Destination as ‘NONE’.
226. Have you created any custom RFC Function Module? What is the business Requirement?
Yes, I have Created RFC function module for Communicating BI system and CRM system for updating the data
into ECC system using RFC Function module.
227. I have ECC system(Source) and CRM system, in which system I have created RFC function modules and
where should I call FM’s?
In this scenario we are going to create RFC Function module in ECC system…and we are going to Use this
RFC Function module from CRM system.
228. I have two SAP system’s A & B, I want to get the data from System A into System B, in which system I am
going to create RFC Function module, in which system I am going to call RFC function module?
In this scenario we are going to create a RFC function module in Source system like System A.
Use this RFC Function module in Target system Like System B for Collect the data from System A .
Pre-requisite: If you want to call the RFC function module in System B, we need to create an RFC destination in
System B (SM59).
BAPI stands for Business Application Programming Interface, which is used to Communicate data between SAP
to SAP as well as SAP to Non-SAP Systems.
BAPI’s are nothing but API methods, these methods are used to create Interfaces.
230. What is the difference between BAPI RFC Function module and Normal RFC Function module? ***
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BAPI’s are RFC enabled Function modules which is converted into API method, which is used to create
Interfaces. And RFC Function module are always Normal (Not be converted into API method).
BAPI’s are going to available under BOR(Business object repository), while RFC are available under R/3
repository.
BAPI’s are Process oriented method and RFC’s are Non-Process oriented methods.
BAPI there is no direct system call, while RFC are direct system call.
BAPI Function module are going to use Update the data into database, we can also use the BAPI Function
modules in the Conversion programs (BDC).
Instead of using BDC’s we can use BAPI function module for Upload the data into database. It’s not possible for
Normal RFC’s.
231. Have you created any Custom BAPI’s? What is the Business Requirement?
Yes, I have created some custom BAPI’s for whenever I create a Purchase order and automatically update the
purchase order in other systems.
1. Whenever we create a custom BAPI, First we need to create an RFC Function module by using Transaction
SE37 and must define the type of Function Module as Remote enable (RFC).
2. RFC Function modules are available in R/3 Repository and BAPI’s are available in Business object repository
(BOR).
3. If you want to create any custom BAPI’s , we need to create a Business object by using transaction SWO1,
Create a Business object and provide Object type, Name, Description and Program name of your BAPI.
4. If you want to add any RFC function module for your custom BAPI’s, the RFC Function module is must
converted into API method. (Application Programming Interface) by Utilities -> API methods -> Add
method.
5. Next step is Implement the methods and Release the Business object as well as methods. Now you can
ready to use BAPI. You can see your BAPI in Business object repository by using transaction BAPI.
233. Have you used BAPI’s for Interfacing SAP system to Non-SAP system (.net, Java etc)?
234. Have you worked any BAPI FM’s? have you upload data into database using BAPI’s?
Yes, I have worked on various BAPI Function Modules like BAPI_MATERIAL_SAVEDATA for upload the
Material master data and also add some custom fields as per client requirement by using BAPI extension
structure (BAPI_TE_MARA and BAPI_TE_MARAX) and update it.
And also Worked on BAPI_PO_CREATE – For create Purchase order
And also worked on BAPI_SALESORDER_CREATE - For create Sales orders as per client requirement.
235. Have you done BAPI Extension, what are the Steps ? for which Function Module you have used?
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Yes, I have done BAPI Extension for add some Custom fields in Standard MARA table as per client requirement. I
have used BAPI_TE_MARA and BAPI_TE_MARAX standard structure for Appending some custom fields into
standard MARA table. In this scenario I have used BAPI_METERIAL_SAVEDATA Function module for updating
the Extension fields with the help of EXTENSIONIN and EXTENSIONINX tables.
I have also worked BAPI Extension for VABK and EKKO tables by using BAPE_VBAK, BAPE_VBAKX as well as
BAPI_TE_MEPOHEADER, BAPI_TE_MEPOHEADERX standard structures.
Whenever we use BAPI Function modules for updating the Data into database we must write a COMMIT WORK
statement.
SAP does not recommends directly use COMMIT WORK statement,.
Instead of COMMIT WORK, SAP recommended to use BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT Function module.
If you can use COMMIT WORK statement is works Internal system only , whenever use
BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT it’s works and interfacing from external system.
Within the BAPI function modules we are going to define a RETURN (export) parameter for Handling errors in
BAPI’s.
The RETURN parameter may be based on the following reference structures: BAPIRET2
You must use this reference structure when developing new BAPIS.
BAPIRET1, BAPIRETURN.
(or)
Using a function Module BAPI_MESSAGE_GETDETAIL for Handle the Error Messages in BAPI..
ENHANCEMENTS
The meaning of Enhancements is ADD-ON new feature to the existing software and We have various
Enhancement techniques available in SAP, there are:
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7. FI Validation & Conversion.
240. What are the difference between User Exits and Customer Exits?
USER EXITS CUSTOMER EXITS
1. User exits are very old concept and First 1. Customer exits are Pure enhancement
Enhancement technique provided by SAP. techniques also provided by SAP.
2. User exits are nothing but a Subroutines and we 2. Customer Exits having Function module
can write the logic within the FORM- ENDFORM Interface we have to implement it.
3. User exits are not upgraded. 3. Customer exits will be upgrade.
4. User exits are created with SAP namespace only. 4. Customer Exits are created by Custom
namespace
5. User exits require Object Access key to make 5. Customer exits does not require Object Access
changes of Standard logic. key.
241. How do you find User exits? What are the various techniques? ***
We are going to Find the User exits by using SPRO transaction code and Click Display SAP IMG Reference.
Sales & Distribution ----> System modifications ----> User Exits ----> User Exits for Sales ---->Sales Doc. Processing.
One more approach to Find User exit for Given transaction Ex: VA01 ----> System--- -> Status ---->double click
on Program name ----->chose your related include -----> find related User exit.
(Or) By using some custom defined User exit finding programs helps to find User exits for Given transactions.
242. What are the various techniques to find Customer exits? ****
If you want to find any Customer exit, first we need to know the transaction related Package Name.
Ex: Go to transaction VA01 and click System -> Status -> Double click on Program name -> go to Attributes ->
Here we know the package (VA).
(OR)
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Go to SE93 transaction -> Enter your transaction code ex: VA01 and click Display, and we know the Package.
(VA).
Go to transaction CMOD and Click Utilities -> SAP Enhancements -> Enter Package name (VA) -> F8 , here we
find the Customer exits for related transaction.
(Or)
Go to transaction SMOD and click Go to -> Find -> Enter package name (VA) -> F8.
(Or)
We have an another approach to find User exits by using transaction SE84 and Expand Enhancements ->
Customer exits -> Double click on Enhancements -> Enter package name (VA) -> Execute it.
Yes, I have worked on a Sales related User exit (Subroutine) Name is: USEREXIT_SAVE_DOCUMENT_PREPARE
and the Include name is MV45AFZZ.
My Business requirement is Avoid the Sales order creation (VA01),IF the Sales order value is below certain Price
and as per client required conditions.
244. Have you worked on any Customer exit? What is your Business requirement? ***
Yes, I have worked on Various Customer exits Like Function module Exits, Menu Exits and Screen exits as per
my client requirement.
I have worked on a Function module exit and My Business requirement is avoid the Customer creation (XD01) if
Company code level Payment terms value (KNB1-ZTERM) is not matching with Sales area level Payment terms
value (KNVV-ZTERM).
In this scenario I have worked on a SAPMF02D Customer exit and the Function module exit name is
EXIT_SAPMF02D_001.
Also I have done a Menu exit and my business requirement is add some Menu options within the standard
MENUBAR as well as add some Custom transaction in to standard AREAMENU (S000).
245. Have you worked on any Screen exit? What is your Business requirement? ***
In my business requirement: I have enhanced some Custom fields on to the standard Purchase order Header
Screen (ME21) by using Screen exit enhancement technique. As per client requirement I have added two more
fields like VENDOR TAX CODE and VENDOR CUST CODE on Standard screen by using Custom Sub screen.
and Enhanced the same custom field into standard table by using Includes and Using the Function module exits for
Import and Exporting the data between Screen to table as well as Table to Screen.
BADI is an Interface.
CLASSICAL BADI:
A factory method is used to call a classic BADI object. In addition, a reference variable of the type of BADI
interface of the type of BADI interface of the type of BADI interface.
The filter values are stored in a structure and passed when the BADI methods are called.
A classic BADI can be called only once, and the call positions are registered centrally.
NEW BADI:
The GET BADI statement is used to create a new BADI object. In addition, a reference variable of the type
of BADI class is used to refer to the BADI object.
The comparison values for the filters are used to search for implementations that are passed when the
BADI object is created with the GET BADI statement.
Multiple calls are possible, and the call positions are not registered centrally.
We have various approaches to find BADI’s (Business Add-Ins). If you want to find the any BADI’s , First we need
to know the transaction related Package.
We are going to find the BADI’s for the Given transaction, first we need to know the Package name.
Ex: Go to transaction VA01 and click System -> Status -> Double click on Program name -> Go to Attributes ->
Here we can find the package (VA).
Approach – 1: Find BADI’s by using transaction SE84 and Expand Enhancements -> Business Add-Ins -> Double
click on Definitions -> Enter package name (VA) -> Execute it.
Approach – 2: Go to transaction SE18 -> Environment -> Application hierarchy -> SAP
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Double click on GET_INSTANCE Method and put the Break-point at get_class_name_by_interfaces for find
Exact BADI’s in real time.
Approach – 4: Using SQL trace (ST05) Select the Table Buffer trace check box -> Activate trace -> Run the
transaction -> Come back and De-activate trace -> Display trace -> given the objects as V_EXT_ACT and
V_EXT_IMP -> F8.
Approach – 5: Using Some Custom developed programs helps to find the BADI’s , in this program we have to
using some views like V_EXT_ACT ( View for BADI Definitions) and V_EXT_IMP (View for BADI
Implementations).
Within a BADI definition we have Multiple Active Implementations but we need to triggered only some active
implementations basing on the conditions or Values, in this scenario with the help of Filter Dependent option in the
BADI Definition part (here always check multiple use check box). Whenever we using Filter-Dependent option must
define an Importing parameter FLT_VAL within the method definition.
Fallback call an option which is available only in Enhancement spot not available in Classical BADI’s.
If a BADI definition does not having any BADI Implementations the program will be go for dump, in this
situation we are going to create a Fallback class and Use it for avoid this Dump.
252. In BADI having multiple implement check box? If I uncheck it what is going to happen? ***
One BADI definition having multiple Implementations, if Multiple use check box is unchecked we have multiple
Implementations and triggered only one Active implementation.
253. What is the purpose of CALL BADI and GET BADI? ***
The Statement GET BADI is using for Create a object in your program and CALL BADI statement is used for
Calling the methods into your program.
BADI is an Interface. In SAP we have two types of BADI’s available there are:
1. Classical BADI’s and
2. New BADI (Enhancement Spot).
Whenever we want to create a BADI Definition by using the transaction SE18, and BADI Implementation by
using the transaction SE19.
Step-1:
If you want to create a classical BADI definition Goto transaction SE18 -> Utilities -> Create classical BADI.
Whenever we create a BADI Definition, system will be Generate an Interface automatically (ZIF_EX_).
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Step-2:
Double click on the Interface and Define the Methods and Provide Import and Export parameters for this
Method. In this Interface we are going to define Multiple methods. And save it.
Step-3:
Goto transaction SE19 for BAPI Implementations. Here enter Classical BADI name and click Create
Implementation button. Enter your Implementation name. whenever we create BADI implementation system will
be generate a CLASS name automatically (ZCL_IM_).
Each BADI definition is going to create Multiple implementations.
Step-4:
Double click on the Interface name and Double click on Method name, with in the Method – Endmethod we can
Implement the logic.
Whenever we create a BADI Implementation System automatically create Global CLASS. Class helps to
implement the methods of a BADI. The CLASS name always starts with ‘ZCL_IM_’.
256. Have you worked on any BADI’s? What is your Business requirement?***
It’s helps to Customer save the Shipping cost and Picking, Packing cost
(or)
My another business requirement is validate the material details at the time of create Material (MM01).
257. I have 10 active implementations, which order is going to triggered? Can I Set these implementations
orderly? ***
Yes. In this scenario we have to use FILTER-DEPENDENT option IN BADI Definition part. Which is used to
help the triggering the BADI Implementations by orderly or Depending on Filtering value. Whenever we have
using Filter-Dependent Option , must define an Importing parameter FLT_VAL within the every method
definition.
In SAP we have two types of BTE’s (Business Transaction Events) available, there are:
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1. Publish / Subscribe BTE’s and
2. Processes BTE’s.
We are going to using transaction FIBF for create BTE’s. in SAP we have two types of BTE’s available, there are:
1. Publish / Subscribe BTE’s and 2. Processes BTE’s.
1. The concept of the BADI is similar to Business Transaction Events (Open FI). BTE’s was developed
specific to Financial Accounting module. But were as BADI’s was developed in generalised to all
modules.
2. BTE’s can only be used to make the program enhancements. You cannot enhance user interface with
Open FI, but you can with Business Add-ins.
3. Open FI assumes that enhancement can only take place on three levels i.e. SAP- partners –
customers, but in case of BAdi’s you can create and implement enhancements in as many software
layers as you like.
4. Function modules are used for program enhancements in Open FI. With BAdi’s, ABAP Objects is used
to enhance programs.
262. What are the various Enhancement techniques we have in Enhancement Framework ? ***
SAP provides Four types of enhancement techniques we have in Enhancement Framework, there are :
Within the standard Function module or Class We can add some source code with the help of Enhancement
option. In SAP provides we have two types of enhancement options. There are:
1. Implicit Enhancement option and,
2. Explicit Enhancement option.
264. Different between Implicit Enhancement Point (IEP) and Explicit Enhancement Point (EEP)? ***
Implicit Enhancement points are available in source code at After Function – Before EndFunction,
After Form – Before EndForm,
After Method – Before EndMethod and
Before End-of-Structure.
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Implicit Enhancement points refers to a Double coated lines.
In Explicit enhancement we have two different types of enhancements - Enhancement point and Enhancement
section.
Within the standard logic SAP provided some Enhancement-Spots, which is used to add some code or Logic.
Enhancement spot is nothing but a Explicit enhancement option and also known as External BADI’s. An Explicit
enhancement-point is available under An Enhancement-Spot or Multiple Enhancement-Spot’s. each
Enhancement –Point are linked with an Enhancement-Spot.
Enhancement Point and Enhancement Sessions both are known as Explicit enhancement options.
The main difference between Enhancement Point and Enhancement Session is enhancement point having
multiple implementations, while Enhancement session having only one active implementation.
Enhancement points implemented logic executed with the standard logic, while Enhancement session
implemented logic is overwrite the standard logic and executes only implemented logic.
Enhancement –Point and Enhancement session both are linked with an Enhancement-Spot.
(Or)
Enhancement point - SAP has some standard functionality defined for a report , but it may be required that you'll
need to add your own code. In this case the code that you'll add will be executed along with the standard code.
Enhancement section - SAP has its standard functionality defines but it may not suit your requirement, in that case
you may need to add your code and you'll need that code to be executed only. By this method the existing code is
automatically commented and a copy of the same code is available to edit.
After executing the report only your code will be executed and the standard code will be bypassed.
267. What are the steps to Implement Implicit Enhancement Point (IEP) and Explicit Enhancement Point (EEP)?
Implicit Enhancement Point (IEP) and Explicit Enhancement Point (EEP) both are the parts of Source code
enhancement techniques.
Steps to Implement Implicit Enhancement Point (IEP):
1. Find your Function module and Goto Function module -> Enhance source code option.
2. Click Edit -> Enhancement operations -> Show implicit enhancement Option.
3. Right click the Double coated lines and Select enhancement Implementation -> create.
4. Create Enhancement Implementation Name and Composite Enhancement Implementation
268. Pre requisites for create and use Implicit Enhancement Point?
269. I have a requirement for implicit enhancement point? How can I add some code in middle line or certain
number of line? How can I achieve? ***
In this scenario we are going to Copy the code into Implicit enhancement point and add some code at certain
line and put the command EXIT at End of the code.
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270. Have you worked on any Implicit Enhancement point (IEP)? What is your Business requirement?
Yes, I have worked on Implicit Enhancement point of Source code enhancement technique. My business
requirement is Restrict users (sales persons) to view or change Sales order data and Enable to change created
person only - Using Enhancement framework: IEP (include MV45AFZB).
271. Have you worked on any Explicit Enhancement point (EEP)? What is your Business requirement?
272. In any of the Enhancement technique we are not supported to use some commands? ***
COMMIT WORK and ROLLBACK statement is not supported to use any Enhancement technique because of
ends with Logical Unit of Work (LUW).
273. What are the various Oops Concepts we have supported in OOABAP?
The Main difference between a CLASS and an INTERFACE is: Class has both definition and an implementation,
whereas Interface only has a definition. Interfaces are actually implemented via a Class.
278. What are the various Classes we have in Object Oriented ABAP?
In object oriented ABAP we have four types of classes available, there are:
1. Normal Class (Usual ABAP class)
2. Exception class,
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3. Persistence class and
4. Test class (ABAP Unit).
Good Data security is nothing but an Encapsulation, we can achieve the encapsulation with the help of
Visibility section. There are three levels of visibility section we have in OO ABAP.
Public section
Protected section
Private section
The Inheritance with the help of assign the Parent class properties to the Child class. Or a Class Properties
are inherited to a Sub-Class. If we want to derived to a Sub-class from a Parent Class, the Parent class should
not be FINAL class.
In object oriented ABAP only support SINGLE Level inheritance, does not support Multiple Level Inheritance.
Whenever we Inherited a Sub-class, the Sub-class Getting all properties of a parent class except Private
attributes.
Syntax: CLASS LCL2 DEFINTION INHERITING FROM LCL1.
ENDCLASS.
Note: With the Help of Interfaces, we can achieve Multiple Level Inheritance in Object oriented ABAP.
With the Help of Interfaces, we can achieve Multiple Level Inheritance in Object oriented ABAP.
The purpose of Polymorphism is for RE-USABILITY. We can achieve the polymorphism with the help of
INTERFACES.
Interfaces we can define some methods and Do not have any Implementations.
One Interface can be called in Multiple Classes, Every class we can write own method Implementation, this is
helps to Method reusability with the help of Interfaces it’s called as Polymorphism.
It’s going to supports multiple inheritance and Abstract class can’t be support multiple Inheritance.
All class components must belong to under the Visibility section. In Object oriented ABAP we have three types
of Areas of Visibility options:
a. PUBLIC SECTION,
b. PRIVATE SECTION and,
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c. PROTECTED SECTION.
285. Difference between PUBLIC SECTION , PROTECTED SECTION and PRIVATE SECTION ?
Public Section:
All of the class components (Attributes, methods and Events) are declared Under the Public section, those
components are available within the class as well as outside the class also.
Protected Section:
All of the class components are declared Under the Protected section, those components are available within
the class as well as Sub- classes only.
Private Section:
All of the class components are declared Under the Private section, those components are available within the
class only, Not available in Outside the class.
If we want to declare an instance method by using the METHODS statement, while declare a Static method by
using the CLASS-METHODS statement.
Instance components exist separately in each instance (object) of the class and are referred using instance
component selector using '->'
Static components only exist once per class and are valid for all instances of the class. They are declared with
the CLASS- keywords
Static components can be used without even creating an instance of the class and are referred to using static
component selector ‘ =>’ .
If you want to call instance methods we must create an Object, while in static methods we can call the methods
without create an Object.
CONSTRUCTOR method is nothing but a default method, the purpose of the CONSTRUCTOR is initialize
the Class attributes.
If we want to avoid the repetition of method logic or code, we are going to use a special method called
as ‘CONSTRUCTOR’.
Whenever we are using the CONSTRUCTOR method, it will be triggered initially.
Constructor method is having only Importing parameters does not have any Exporting and Changing or
Returning parameters.
a. Instance Constructor method is having only Importing parameters does not have any Exporting and
Changing or Returning parameters.
b. While Static Constructor method does not having any Parameters and Exceptions.
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c. Instance Constructor is Called multiple times and triggers multiple times in a program, while Static
Constructor is triggered only once in a program.
d. If we have using both Instance and Static methods, First will be triggers Static method then go to
Instance method.
e. Instance methods can be RE-DEFINE, while Static methods cannot be RE-DEFINE.
Note: Instance Constructor triggers only we have to create an object within a program, while static constructor
triggers without create Object within a program. If we using any static attributes within the program, the static
constructor method is triggers automatically.
If we want to handle the Exceptions in dynamically for that we need to have an Exception class, these
exception class always linked to a Message class. Whenever we create an exception class the class name should
be starts with ZCX_.
These Exception class is always going to be derived from a Super class (System generates automatically).
TEXT tab is available only in Exception class, Does not have in Normal class.
Within a program we can handle Exceptions dynamically with the help of TRY – CATCH Block.
1. We are going to create an Exception class by using transaction SE24 class builder.
2. Enter your exception class name, the Exception class name always start with ‘ZCX_’ and create it.
3. This Exception class always going to derived from a Super class and enter the description.
4. Chose the class type as Exception and check with message class check box, this exception class always
linked with a Message class and Save it.
5. And go to properties and Linked to your message class.
6. If we want to Use this Exception class in Normal class, remove the exceptions first then use the
Exception class name instead of Exceptions place and Check it Exception class check box.
Yes, I have created an Exception class for Handling Exceptions dynamically with using Message Texts.
Within a Inherited method we are going to over-write the Parent class method is known as method
overloading. Here we are only over-write the method logic, does not change or modify Method Interfaces
like Importing, Exporting and Changing parameters.
Generally In Object oriented ABAP does not Supports Method Overloading, Only supports Method RE-
DEFINITION.
If we want to change or Re-Write the Parent class methods within Child class, we are going to use
method RE-DEFINITION.
Whenever we use method RE-DEFINE, we can write the new method implementation as well as
we can call Parent class method by using SUPER.
Instance methods can be RE-DEFINE, while Static methods cannot be RE-DEFINE.
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ME or SUPER used for only Instance methods, not used for static methods.
1. Interface having only method definitions and Does not have any method implementation, while
Abstract class having method definition and In-complete Implementation.
2. Interface does not have any Visibility section, while Abstract class having Visibility sections.
3. Interfaces having Instance and static methods, while Abstract class methods are always instance.
4. Interfaces are helps to Polymorphism and we can achieve multiple inheritance, while Abstract class
does not support multiple inheritance.
Static method cannot be a ABSTRACT method. If you want define an ABSTRACT methods the class must be
change an ABSTRACT class. Whenever we define an ABSTRACT methods, the existing method
implementation will be deleted or Not possible to Implement within this class.
If we want to call a method from Parent class we are going to use the command SUPER.
Note: ME or SUPER we can use for Only Instance methods.
300. In a class I have some Private attributes, how can I access Private attributes of one class in another class?
In this scenario we can use FRIEND class, if we want to access Private attributes of one class and Make the
another class as Friend class.
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If we want to access Child class methods from Parent class Object which is possible to with the help of Narrow
casting.
Syntax for Narrow casting : OBJ1 = OBJ2.
CALL METBOD OBJ1->( ‘ADDING’ ). “ADDING method is belongs OBJ2
Widening cast is quit opposite of narrow casting , with the help of access the parent class attribute or methods
from Child class object.
If we want to Import a Local class into a Global class, we are going to transaction SE24
And click Object type -> Import -> Local Class in program.
Enter your Local class program name -> Enter and Provide Global class name with ‘ZCL_’ and Import.
The purpose of Functional method is used to Expecting some value or Returning some value from a Function.
The Functional methods only having IMPORTING and RETURNING parameters, does not have any EXPORTING
and CHANGING parameters.
Within a Functional Methods the RETURNING parameters nothing but a RECEIVING parameters.
DATA: A1 TYPE I.
A1 = OBJ1->ADDING ( I1 = 20 I2 = 30 ).
WRITE:/ A1. (Result is 50).
“within a Adding method logic
METHOD adding.
R1 = I1 + I2.
ENDMETHOD.
An alias name belongs to the components of the class and the interface. It shares the namespace with the
other components and is inherited by subclasses. In classes, an alias name can be declared in every visibility
section.
Per class we can create multiple instances or objects. If we want create once instance per a class we are going
to create class as SINGLETON.
A singleton class is a class that cannot be instantiated more than once (in a single program that is). Of
course you can do the same in other programs without facing any problems. You can do this by setting the flag
final and create the class as private. Now the class can only be instantiated in one of its own methods.
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5. Go to SE24 for create a class properly and give the class properties : Instantiation as Private and
Description (ZTEST_SINGLETON).
6. Come to create attribute tab and Create a static Public attribute (Get_ref_obj) basing on the TYPE Ref
to Class name (ZTEST_SINGLETON).
7. Define a static public methods ex: GET_INSTANCE , in this method we have create a returning
parameter. (Ex: REF_OBJ type ref to ZTEST_SINGLETON).
307. Have you created any Custom class? What is the Business requirement?
Yes , I have create some Custom classes for using OOALV Reports.
a. In the Persistence class going to generate permanent objects. Using this persistence objects we can
update the data into database.
b. Whenever we create a persistence class the class is always going to be Protected, the persistence
class name starts with ‘ZCL_ ‘ or ‘YCL_’.
c. Persistence class can be created only Globally (SE24), we cannot possible to create In Locally.
d. Whenever we create a Persistence class the system is going to create Two classes automatically.
There are: 1. Base Agent class, and 2. Agent class or Actor class.
e. This Base Agent class name should be always starts with ‘ZCB_’ and Agent class name should be
always starts with ‘ZCA_’.
f. The Base Agent class should be always ABSTRACT class and going to friend class with persistence
class.
g. From this Base Agent class derived Agent class as Sub-class, the Agent class should be SINGLETON
class. In this class we don’t have a Instance and Static Constructor.
Step-1: Go to transaction SE24 and Enter the class name and create it, class name always starts with ‘ZCL_’.
Step-2: Enter the Description and chose the class type as ‘Persistent class’ , whenever we chose persistent
Instantiation become as “protected class’ and SAVE it.
Step-3: click on Attributes tab and click Go to -> Persistence Representation and Provide your database table
name click Enter.
Step-4: Assign the table fields into Class. Attributes will be created automatically and SAVE it.
Whenever we create a Persistence class the system is going to create Two classes one is BASE AGENT CLASS (ZCB_)
another one is ACTOR or AGENT CLASS (ZCA_).
311. What is the difference between Normal class and Exception class?
a. Every Exception class linked with a message class, while Normal class does not linked with message
class.
b. In Exception class we have TEXT tab for Exception ID Linked with Message Text, while Normal class
does not have TEXT tab.
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c. Within the Normal class we can use Exception class, while within the Exception class we Can’t use
Normal class.
If we want to create Transaction code for a method first we can write some logic by using the CL_OS_SYSTEM
and call GET_TRANSACTION_MANAGER method and Collect the result into an Object ex: TRANS_M, the type of
object ref to IF_OS_TRANSACTION_MANAGER .
And Use this Object TRANS_M we are going to call another method ex: CREATE_TRANSACTION
And collect the result into an another object ex: TRANS type of object is ref to an Interface Like
IF_OS_TRANSACTION.
Now we can call both START and END methods from the interface IF_OS_TRANSACTION.
And write the method logic between START and END methods (or) write the method logic in another method
and call those methods into this transaction method.
Now we are going to create a transaction code for this method by using transaction SE93 and Enter your
transaction code and Description, and chose the start object as ‘Method of class (OO transaction)’ radio-button
and Click continue.
Next provide Class name, Method name, Update mode and check GUI support for windows and Save it.
SD -FLOW
313. What SD – Flow? Explain me along with Tables and transaction codes?
1. Inquiry :
For Inquiry we are going to use transaction VA11 for Create Inquiry,
VA12 for Change Inquiry,
VA13 for Display Inquiry
and the Inquiry related data is going to be stored into VBAK and VBAP tables.
2. Quotation:
For Quotation we are going to use transaction VA21 for create Quotation,
VA22 for Change Quotation,
VA23 for Display Quotation
and the Quotation related data is going to be stored into VBAK and VBAP tables.
3. Sales order:
For Sales order we are going to use transaction VA01 for create Sales order,
VA02 for Change Sales order,
VA03 for Display Sales order
and the Sales order related data is going to be stored into VBAK , VBAP, VBUP, VBEP and VBPA tables.
4. Delivery:
For Delivery we are going to use transaction VL01 for create Delivery,
VL02 for Change Delivery,
VL03 for Display Delivery
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and the Delivery related data is going to be stored into LIKP and LIPS tables.
5. Invoice:
For Invoice we are going to use transaction VF01 for create Invoice,
VF02 for Change Invoice,
VF03 for Display Invoice
and the Invoice related data is going to be stored into VBRK and VBRP tables.
314. I have a sales order, for that sales order I want to know that sales order created or Not / invoice created or
Not? In which table I am going to check for Delivery or Invoice status?
We are going to table VBFA (Sales Document Flow) for check Delivery or Invoice status of a Sale
Document.
The Sales Document flow data is going to be stored into VBFA table.
Or
The table of Sales Document Flow is VBFA.
We are going to maintain a Customer by using transaction XD01 for Create Customer,
and XD02 for Change Customer,
and XD03 for Display Customer.
Whenever we create a Customer, the Customer Information is going to be stored into :
KNA1 - General Data in Customer Master table ,
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KNVV - Customer Master Sales Data table and
KNB1 - Customer Master (Company Code) tables.
We are going to maintain Materials by using transaction MM01 for Create Material,
and MM02 for Change Material,
and MM03 for Display Material.
Whenever we create a Material, the Material Information is going to be stored into :
MARA - General Material Data table ,
MARC - Plant Data for Material table and
MARD - Storage Location Data for Material tables.
MVKE - Storage Location Data for Material tables.
We are going to maintain Vendors by using transaction XK01 for Create Vendor,
and XK02 for Change Vendor,
and XK03 for Display Vendor.
In Business Hierarchy structure, First we are going to create a COMPANY CODE by using transaction SPRO.
The Company code information is going to be stored into a table T001 and Field name is BUKRS.
The Plant Information is going to be stored into a table is T001W and Field name is WERKS.
The Storage Location Information is going to be stored into a table is T001L and Field name is LGORT.
The Sales organization Information is going to be stored into a table is TVKO and Field name is VKORG.
We are going to maintain Shipment by using transaction VT01 for Create Shipment,
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and VT02 for Change Shipment,
and VT03 for Display Shipment.
We are going to maintain Inbound Delivery by using transaction VL31 for Create Inbound Delivery,
and VL32 for Change Inbound Delivery,
and VL33 for Display Inbound Delivery.
Whenever we Pick-up some Goods from Warehouse, Here warehouse management will be Generate a
Transfer order and It’s not generate any Invoice or Bill.
Whenever Generate a transfer order, the transfer order information is going to be stored into :
LTAK - WM transfer order header table and ,
LTAP - Transfer order item tables.
330. What are the different ways to create Outbound Delivery for your Sales order?
We are going to create an Outbound Delivery for a Given Sales order by using transaction VA02 – Change Sales
order.
(Or) also we can use transactions VL01 or VL10G for create Outbound Delivery of given Sales order.
331. What is the transaction code for Billing Due List or Invoice Due List?
We are going to use transaction VF04 for Maintain Billing Due List.
332. What is the transaction code for create A/c Document in SAP?
We are going to maintain A/c Document by using transaction FB01 for Create A/c Document,
and FB02 for Change A/c Document,
and FB03 for Display A/c Document.
Whenever we create a A/c Document, the A/c Document Information is going to be stored into :
BKPF - A/c Document header table and
BSEG - A/c Document item table.
MM-FLOW
333. What is the MM – Flow? Explain me along with Tables and transaction codes?
Purchase Requisition ---- ----> Request for Quotation--------> Price comparison ---- ----> Purchase order ---- ---->
Goods Receipt --------> Inbound Invoice Verification.
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1. Purchase Requisition:
For Purchase Requisition we are going to use transaction ME51 for Create Purchase Requisition,
ME52 for Change Purchase Requisition,
ME53 for Display Purchase Requisition
and the Purchase Requisition related data is going to be stored into EBAN tables.
3. Price comparison:
For Price comparison we are going to use transaction ME49 for Price comparison,
4. Purchase order:
For Purchase order we are going to use transaction ME21 for create Purchase order,
ME22 for Change Purchase order,
ME23 for Display Purchase order
and the Purchase order related data is going to be stored into EKKO, EKPO, EKET, EKES and EKBE tables.
5. Goods Receipt:
For Goods Receipt we are going to use transaction MIGO for create Goods Receipt,
For maintain Production order, we are going to use transaction CO01 for create Production order,
CO02 for Change Production order,
CO03 for Display Production order.
The Production order related Information is going to be stored into AFKO, AUFK and AFPO tables.
A bill of material (BOM) describes the different components that together create a product. A BOM for a
bicycle, for example, consists of all the parts that make up the bicycle: the frame, the saddle, wheels, and so on.
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BOM means bill of materials: suppose if you purchase a computer it contains CPU and monitor and mouse
and some devices all they contain individual prices but altogether shown in computer in order to configure this
BOM is helpful in SAP.
The purpose of this activity is to create Bill Of Material (BOMs) for the configurable material which is known as
‘super BOM’.
Super BOM comprise all the variant as well as non-variant parts required for producing configurable material.
A Bill of Lading is a document issued by a consignor (or shipper, such as an order fulfillment center) and signed
by a carrier at the time of pick up, acknowledging that specified products have been received on board as cargo for
delivery to a named consignee, or destination. It serves as a contract between the shipper and/ or owners of the
goods and the carrier for a number of purposes:
343. Have you done any ALE configuration? What the steps to creating ALE configuration?
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344. What is a Logical system?
A logical system is an application system in which, the applications work together on a common data basis.
A message type defines, what kind of Data is going to be transferred between two Logical systems or Partners.
Ex: MATMAS - Material master
DEBMAS - Customer master
CREMAS - Vendor master
ORDERS - Sales orders
ORDRSP - Purchase order confirmation
INVOIC - Invoice (Billing Document).
We are going to define or add a message type within Distribution model configuration step (BD64).
An IDOC type can be associated with many message types
Also a message type can be associated with different IDOC types. Transaction WE81.
347. What is the difference between Message type and Basic type (IDOC type)? ***
A message type defines, what kind of Data is going to be transferred between two Logical systems or Partners.
Ex: MATMAS (Material master), DEBMAS (Customer master), CREMAS (Vendor master), ORDERS (Sales
orders) and ORDRSP (Purchase order confirmation).
And Basic type is nothing but an IDOC type, which is used to defines , which Data Format is going to be
transferred between two Logical systems. Ex: MATMAS05 ( Data format for material master), CREMAS05 (Data
format for Vendor master).
348. What is Message control? In which scenario we are going to use Message control? ***
Whenever we are going to communicate the Transaction Data between two Logical systems, must we need
to create a Message control.
No need to create message control for communicate the Master data between two Logical systems.
Message type: A message type represents the application message exchanged between R/3 systems and R/3
and an external system. A message type characterizes the data sent across systems and relates to the structure of
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the data called an IDOC type (see below). For example, MATMAS is a message type for Material Master, and INVOIC
is a message type for an Invoice (Billing Document). ALE supports over 200 message types in R/3 and about 200
application areas.
351. If I use a Function module ‘MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE‘, can I going to crate Distribution Models?
We are going to create Filters group within Distribution model configuration, Transaction code is BD64.
We are going to Generate Partner profiles by using transaction BD64 ( Environment ----> Generate Partner
profile ) or BD82.
Also We can Create or View the Custom Partner profiles by using transaction WE20.
We are going to create the Port or change the Ports by using transaction WE21.
Port is a temporary memory, which is used to holds the Data in temporary purpose and transfer the data to
an External system.
We are going to use File ports for Communicate Data between Non-SAP system to SAP system.
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358. What is an IDOC?
IDOC stands for Intermediate Document. IDOC is a container, which is used to carrying the Data between two
Logical systems.
IDOC is nothing but a combination of Different Segments and IDOC type / Basic type is a Template
We have three types of Records available in IDOC’s and we can see the Records in IDOC status transaction
WE02 or WE05, there are:
a. Control Record - which is going to have the Sender, Receiver, Port, Message type and Partner
information, and all the data is going to be Store into EDIDC table.
b. Data Record - which is having All Segment related data, and the Data is going to be Store into
EDID4 table.
c. Status Record -which is having all IDOC status messages, and the all the Data is going to be Store
into EDIDS table.
Segment is nothing but a Structure and Combination of different fields. We are going to create Custom segment
by using transaction WE31 and Segment name always starts with Z or Y. the maximum length of segment name
is 8 Characters.
361. What is the different between Segment type and Segment Definition?
362. What about Process codes? What are types of Process codes we have in SAP?
Process codes is a part of Partner profile configuration. Process codes are always linked to a Function module,
which is used to collect the Data from IDOC and upload the data into Database.
In SAP we have two types of Process codes are available, there are:
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1. Inbound Process codes, (WE42 - Create, View the Inbound Process codes)
2. Outbound Process codes. (WE41 - Create, View the Outbound Process codes).
363. Where we can create Conversion Rules? Steps to create Conversion Rules?
We have three transactions available for configure conversion rule in SAP, there are:
364. How can you send the Material master details between two logical systems, after configuration ALE?
After ALE Configuration, we are going to send the Material master details between two logical systems by
using transaction BD10.
We are going to check IDOC status by using transaction WE02 or WE05. Here we can check Inbound and
outbound Direction IDOC status.
366. How can you change IDOC status message no 03 (Data passed to port)to 12 in Forcibly?
In this scenario, am going to run a standard program, the name is RBDMOIND for change IDOC message status
Forcibly.
We are going to use transaction BD87 for Re-processing the failed IDOC’s.
368. Difference between Change Documents (change tasks) and Chang pointers ?
In System level, whenever we have to change a record values (Field values),these Field value changes is
known as ‘Change Documents’. These changed document details are stored into CDHDR (Change document
header table) and CDPOS (Change document Item table).
In IDOC level we are going to use ‘Change pointers’ instead of using ‘Change Document’, Change pointers are
helps to fill the change documents Data into IDOC. The change pointers data is going to be captured into
BDCP and BDCPS tables.
Change pointers data is going to be stored into BDCP (Change pointer) and BDCPS (Change pointer: Status)
tables.
When IDOC is Successfully released, we will getting IDOC status message no 53.
Note: We can seen all status messages by using transaction WE47.
When IDOC with errors added, we will getting IDOC status message no 56.
When Error during syntax check of IDOC (inbound), we will getting IDOC message no 60.
When Error passing IDOC to application, we will getting IDOC message no 63.
376. Have you created any custom IDOC? What are the steps to create custom IDOC?
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377. Have you create any outbound IDOC? What are the steps to create custom outbound IDOC?
1. Go to transaction WE19.
2. Enter the IDOC number you want to test.
3. Go to menu IDOC->test inbound IDOC->standard inbound
4. one popup screen come get the "FUCTION NAME" to test the IDOC.
5. Click on "INBOUND FUNCTION MODULE" button.
6. Enter function module name.
7. Click on CALL IN DEBUGGING MODE check box and choose foreground mode.
and choose yes choice to run it.
379. Have you done IDOC extension? What are the steps to create IDOC Extension?
1)
Go to transaction WE31
Example: 'ZDUMMY'
2)
Go to transaction WE30.
<b>/nWE82</b>
Add Message Type (MATMAS), Basic Type (MATMAS05), Extension (ZMATEX01) and Release.
Go to WE41 to get process code for your message type . Then double click it and it will show the function
module attached to it .
Put break point in it and then debug....
381. What are the steps for processing an outbound IDOC for transactional data?
No.
General Questions
All ABAP related or Program related changes are going to saved into Workbench request.
All Functional related changes are going to saved into Workbench request.
The Transport Organizer maintains Change Requests. These requests record the changes made to the repository
and customizing objects. Based on that objects changed they are
1)Workbench Request and 2) Customizing Request.
Workbench Requests are those that involve changes to cross-client Customizing and Repository Objects. The
objects are independent of the client. Hence the requests are used for transferring and transporting changed
Repository objects and changed system settings from cross-client tables.
Customizing Requests involve changes recorded to client-specific Customizing objects .These client specific
requests are used for copying and transporting changed system settings from client-specific tables.
1. Transports of copies
You can use this request type to transport objects to a specified SAP System.
The objects are transported with the version they have in the current SAP System. The original location of
the objects remains unchanged. There is no delivery to another SAP System.
You can use this request type if you want to develop objects in another SAP System on a temporary basis.
For example, you may want to make special developments in a separate SAP System so as not to interfere
with the development process.
A relocation without package change basically offers the same functions as a transport of copies. This
request type allows you to move the original location of objects to the target system.
You can use this request type when you want to change the development system of individual objects on a
permanent basis.
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We are going to use transaction SE03 for Find Request number of an Object.
Using transport organizer (SE09 or SE10) for Release a Request from Development to Quality systems.
(Or)
We are going to use transaction STMS (Transport Management System) for release request directly.
In SAP we have two types of status’s of Request number: There are : 1. Modifiable status , and 2. Released
status
In every object number having multiple task numbers, if you want to transport it first release task numbers
then release object number from development to quality systems.
Every program generates a version. In this program in every changes to be generates a new version. To display
every version of change program code and compare old version program from new version program change. It’s
version management helps to save temporary version of code.
Go to SE09 -> Check your request type and click Display -> Place the Cursor on your task -> Go to Utility ->
Reorganize -> Reassign task and enter your target Request number -> Ok.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
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ENDIF.
16. When you create an object, how do I know object is created (assign)or Not?
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
Note: these SUPPLIED not used for Remote Function modules and Update function modules.
Ex: we are using EXIT command within Loop – Endloop, within Sub-routine, within Function module and within
a Program.
19. When I use EXIT command within the SATRT-OF-SELECTION event in my processing block, what happen?
TABLES parameter is outdated, because of TABLES parameters are always Pass by Reference.
In OO-ABAP is not supported TABLES parameter because of TABLE having with header line.
For example:
Whenever we use SUBMIT command for only call or Link a report program to another program. Whenever we
use SUBMIT AND RETURN command, execute the called program and come back to Source program.
Difference: The SUBMIT statement accesses an executable program. The executable program is executed as
described under Calling Executable Reports. if we use return statement it will come back to the executable program
once again.
The syntax is :
We are going to use ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE Function module for upload the Excel file data into an
Internal table.
We are going to use GUI_DOWNLOAD Function module for Download an Internal table data into an Excel File.
29. What is the syntax for use Application server file data into an Internal table?
We are going to use OPEN DATA SET, READ DATA SET and CLOSE DATA SET statements for brows the
Application server File data into an Internal table. The Syntax is:
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OPEN DATA SET P_FILE FOR OUTPUT IN TEXT MODE ENCODING DEFAULT
(OR)
OPEN DATA SET P_FILE FOR INPUT IN TEXT MODE ENCODING DEFAULT
The “SET/GET” statements use SAP memory and “EXPORT/IMPORT” statements use ABAP memory;
SET and GET PARAMETERS are used for SEND data to SAP memory and RETRIVE the data from SAP
memory.
EXPORT and IMPORT parameters are used for EXPORTING data into ABAP memory and IMPORTING data
from ABAP memory.
When coding of a program is complete, it is useful to analyze it’s performance, and test it.
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The Program Extended Syntax Check, Runtime Analysis and SQL Trace are SAP provided analysis tools, that
review the performance of the code in greater depth. It is not likely every piece of code will require the use of all of
these tools.
Testing of code in a IBM project environment requires execution of a Unit Test Plan. SAP has provided the CATT
(Computer Aided Test Tool) for testing purposes.
The Program Extended Syntax check is the simplest and least CPU-intensive analysis tool.
The Runtime Analysis Tool lets you analyze the performance of any transaction or program created in the
ABAP Workbench in more detail.
Use transaction ‘SE30’ for ABAP runtime analysis and transaction ‘ST05’ for performance analysis.
You can use the SQL Trace tool to examine the database interfaces of reports and transactions in two
different ways:
The trace can be turned on to monitor all activity one particular user has with the
data base.
It can be used to explain one request
This will bring you to transaction ST05.
The Computer Aided Test Tool (CATT) is fully integrated into the ABAP/4 Development Workbench. It
allows you to assemble and automate business processes in test procedures.
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USER MESSAGES
User messages are an excellent method of communicating with the user in an interactive program. This
applies to selection screens as well as full-fledged interactive reports and online (module pool) programs (covered
in later sections).
Normally, messages are displayed on the message line at the bottom of the screen. The only exceptions are
abend messages which terminate the program and information messages which are displayed in a dialog box.
User messages are stored in the system table T100. They are classified by language, a 20 character message
class (used to group messages by application area), and a three-character message number.
Message class is a container of the Multiple messages with message numbers. These Message class was creates
by transaction SE91.
Each Message class having Max. 1000 messages. The message numbers Range between 000-999.
1. A - ABEND (outdated)
2. I - INFORMATION
3. E - ERROR
4. S - STATUS
5. W - WARNING
6. X - RUNTIME ERROR
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ERP-SAP OVERVIEW
1. What is MRP?
Materials Requirement Planning (MRP-I) began as a technique for developing enterprise-wide business
solutions by providing automated tools for forecasting demands and planning according to the forecast .
2. What is ERP?
ERP is not just a software…but a complete business solution integrated across the entire value chain which
creates an information infrastructure for efficient planning and effective execution.
Among all the ERP’s most of the companies are Implemented or Trying to implement SAP because of Number
of advantages than other ERP packages.
Some major ERP vendors are : SAP R/3, Oracle and BAAN.
4. What is SAP?
SAP is a name of the German company founded in 1972 with Five Former IBM Employees, under the German
name Systems , Applications and Products in Data Processing . SAP is the Leading ERP software package.
SAP AG is a German company founded in 1972 with Five former IBM Employees. Their vision: to develop
standard application software for real-time business processing.
Market Leader in Industrial Enterprise Application (IEA) About 56% market share in the ERP market, Serving
more than 2,38,000 customers in 188 countries, SAP is the world's largest business software company and the
world's third-largest independent software provider overall.
Today, SAP employs more than 65,500 people in more than 130 countries.
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SAP R/3 is known as SAP 3 Tier Architecture. These SAP R/3 architecture having three Layers there are a. The
Database Layer, b. The Application Server, and c. The Presentation System
Those SAP R/3 software components that specialized in the Management, Storage and Retrieval the data from
Database layer.
Those SAP R/3 Software components that specialized in Processing Business Applications and from the
Application layer.
These application Server is connecting with various Presentation systems as well as a Database, Application
server basically containing three parts:
a. Dispatcher,
b. Work processer,
c. Roll area.
Those SAP R/3 software components that specialized in Interacting with End-users from the Presentation
layer.
Dispatcher is one of the part of the Application layer, the purpose of the Dispatcher is receiving the request
from the presentation systems and Assign the request to the related work processes, it’s Dispatcher works on First
in First out basis.
Roll area is a one of the part of Application layer in SAP R/3 architecture, these Roll area is allocates some
memory need to have a system like RAM.
NetWeaver is a vision of total integration of People, Information, Business Process and Applications.
SAP earlier divided into two major modules there are: 1. Technical modules and 2. Functional modules.
SAP was earlier divided into different Functional modules like Materials Management (MM), Sales &
Distribution (SD), FI (Financial Accounting), CO (Controlling), HR (Human Resources), PP (Product Planning), PM
(Plant Maintenance), PS (Project Systems) etc.
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18. What is Integration in SAP?
All business processes throughout the supply chain are INTEGRATED & executed on a common system sharing
all information
1. Coding:
2. Configuration:
Rendering the application appropriate to a specific customer by specifying data on which the application
operates.
All SAP R/3 applications are written in the ABAP programming language, and run within the application
layer of the R/3 System.
ABAP programs communicate with the database management system of the central relational database
(RDBMS), and with the graphical user interface (SAPGUI) at presentation level.
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21. Why do we need ABAP Development?
We need ABAP Development Applications or Objects will helpful for End-users for Easily access data from
Database and Reduce risk or effort of End-users. These Applications was developed by ABAP Developers for the
Client or customer requirements.
1. Development
2. Quality and
3. Production
1. Development
2. Quality
3. Pre-production and
4. Production.
1. Implementation project,
2. Support project,
3. Upgrade project,
4. Roll-out project.
In SAP Implementation stage, First we are going to customize the SAP Software for our Business requirements.
Generally in SAP Implementation stage we are going to use a Methodology called as ASAP methodology.
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25. What are the Stages we have in ASAP methodology?
In Accelerated methodology we have 7 steps For SAP Implementation process. There are:
1. Blueprint preparation
2. Analysis
3. Build stage or Development
4. Integration testing
5. Regression testing
6. Go-Live or Deploy
7. Post production support
Developing some Documents at the stage of Implementation of a project, this is the first stage of ASAP
methodology ,
Preparing some Documents in this stage: those are 1. Coding standards Document, 2. Naming
standards Documents and 3. Landscape model Documents.
Preparing some Development Request (DR’s) in Blueprint preparation.
It’s Blueprint preparation process completes within a 2-3 months time.
Each Development request (DR’s) having Some Request Code or Task Number .
Analysis test is one of the ASAP methodology Stage in SAP implementation project.
In this Analysis test stage Functional team prepared some Functional Specs (FS’s) and Functional Documents
(FD’s) and Technical team Developed some Technical specs (TS’s) and Technical Documents (TD’s) basing on FS’s
and FD’s.
Build stage or Development is one of most important part of Implementation project, here enter ABAP
Developer into a project and Analyzing the Functional specs and Developing the code basing on Business
requirement.
Every ABAP developer having some Roles and Responsibilities, there are :
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3. Code Development ,
4. Review the code,
5. Testing the code (Unit testing)
6. Prepare UTP (Unit Test Plan) Document and Release .
30. What is integration testing?
Once completed a Development program or request cab be Released from Development system to Quality
systems.
The testing team testing the Development request is known as ‘Integration testing’.
This integration testing if we have Find some issues, Those issues are divided into 2 types,
In integration testing we have find some issues basing on the Code Defects or Programmatically errors is
known as ‘DEFECTS’.
And if we need to any additional changes or add some functionality of your program those are called as
‘CHANGE REQUEST’s ‘ (CR’s).
Already once successfully implemented SAP Projects are Copied or Reuse for same Enterprise is known as Roll-
out projects.
Already successfully implemented SAP project is converting from SAP old version to SAP new version is known
as Upgrade projects, these are using some new patches.
There are number of technical reasons and number of companies are planning to implement SAP. Its highly
configurable , highly secure data handling, Minimum data redundancy & Maximum data consistency and you can
capitalize on economic of sale like purchasing, tight integration – cross function.
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SAP CLIENT OVERVIEW
A client is a logical portion of an SAP R/3 physical database. From a business standpoint, a client can be
interpreted as a logical group of companies. Ex: 800, 810, 900 etc.
All customizing (configuration) and development (ABAP) work in SAP R/3 is performed in a
client. However, the data from both customizing and development work may be stored within an individual client
(client dependent data) or among all clients (client independent data) in the system.
The data in each client may be separate from that of the other clients. There are basically
two types of data in an SAP R/3 System. Client-dependent and client-independent data.
Ex: Some examples of client-dependent data include number ranges, ABAP variants, and user
masters as well as the data that is created or updated through SAP R/3 transactions (transaction data).
Client-independent data can be defined as data contained across all clients in the system.
Ex: Examples of client-independent data include data dictionary objects (tables, views), ABAP
source code, screens, and menus.
All data resides in tables. To determine if a particular table is client-dependent or client-independent, the table
structure needs to be reviewed. The table structure can be viewed by the data dictionary (SE11). If MANDT (client
in German) is the first key field of the table, then the table is client-dependent; otherwise, the table is client-
independent.
For example, the TSTC table is client-independent; however, the USR01 table is client-dependent.
As shown in the above diagram, every SAP R/3 system contains the three clients 000, 001, and 066. Let’s review
these clients and examine what they contain.
During a standard install of the SAP R/3 system, clients 000, 001, and 066 are set-up and
provided.
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Client 000 performs special functions. In particular, it is given extended functionality during
upgrades.
Client 001 is basically a copy of 000 and can be used as a basis for a new customizing client.
Client 066 is a special client which is provided for operational system monitoring. It is used by
SAP R/3’s Early Watch Service to provide performance recommendations.
IDES stands for International Demonstration Education System. IDES is a sample application, which is provided
by SAP for faster learning and Implementation.
SAP NAVIGATION
41. What are the standard options of menu bar in every screen of SAP?
In Menu bar that are always available from every screen in the R/3 System:
System: This menu contains functions that affect the system as a whole, such as the Create
Session, End Session, User Profile, or Log Off options.
Help: The Help menu contains functions for accessing various forms of
online support.
42. On Standard tool bar Which icons are always available in every screen of SAP R/3 system?
In SAP R/3 system Standard toolbar we have always available Icons are Help icon and Layout menu icon.
A Search Help is a search tool to help you find data in the SAP R/3 system.
Sometimes it may be easier to use a Search Help for search purposes. Place your cursor in the desired field and
enter the desired search parameter.
For this example, you want to find all the personnel numbers in the system with a last name beginning with S.
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1. Click on the icon at the end of the Personnel number field and then enter S* in the last name field
You can create a session at any time and from any screen in the system; you will not lose any data in sessions
that are already open.
47. How to access Development screens from SAP Easy access screen?
We access SAP Development screens by using Transaction codes either SAP menu path.
Any ABAP Program name starts with Z or Y, and the maximum length of Program name is 40 characters only.
Not taken any Space of your program name.
ABAP is a programming language created and used by SAP for the Development of Application programs
including:
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Reports
Interfaces
Data conversions
All of SAP R/3s applications and even parts of its basis system were developed in ABAP.
ABAP is an event-driven programming language. User actions and system events control the execution of an
application.
The ABAP Workbench is used by SAP for the development of standard and custom application software. The
ABAP Workbench is also used to create dictionary objects.
Report program produce a list output and can be divided into Conventional (Classical) reports and Interactive
reports.
52. What is the basic difference between conventional report and interactive report?
Conventional reports do not allows to interaction by the users, interactive reports can do.
Conventional reports do not allow interaction by the user; therefore, the basic list contains extensive
information that the user must often sort through to find the relevant data.
Interactive reports allow interaction by the user; therefore, the user can produce secondary, detailed lists off of
the basic list by choosing the relevant data and requesting more information
Module pool programming (or online programming) involves the creation of a module pool (a collection of
ABAP modules) and one or more screens. The modules are called by the screen processor during program
execution.
54. What are the types of ABAP programs or Terms of ABAP programs?
Package was stores all object related elements like Program, Tables, Structures, Screens etc. it’s not Folder ,
it’s transport purpose only. Every object saved in a package it will generate a request number for transport
purpose.
We are going to Use a standard program RSWBO052 for move an object from Local object to a Package.
Every object will be going saved into a package, it will be generate a Request number for transport purpose.
4. Relocations
All ABAP related objects or changes are saved under Workbench Request Number.
All Function (Customizing) related changes are saved under Customizing Request Number.
Using transport organizer (SE09 or SE10) for Release a Request from Development to Quality systems.
In SAP we have two types of status’s of Request number: There are : 1. Modifiable status , and 2. Released
status
In every object number having multiple task numbers, if you want to transport it first release task numbers
then release object number from development to quality systems.
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Every program generates a version. In this program in every changes to be generates a new version. To display
every version of change program code and compare old version program from new version program change. It’s
version management helps to save temporary version of code.
Ticket tool means which software your using for handling the ticket.
These below are ticketing tools , from which consultants get tickets.
1) Clarify tool
2) remeidy tool
3) Solution Manager
4) Radix
5) ServiceNow
Still so many are their, based on clients it will be decided, some time through email (lotus notes, or outlook)only
get the tickets.
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