Marchinta Rizvin A.

(183211056)

Muhammad Ardita H.Z. (183211044)

Febiana Kusumastuti (183211047)

Rachmad Panji Nur Allim (183211037)

Hilmi Muhammad Fahrian (183211057)

What are Gerunds?

A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an
activity rather than a person or thing. Any action verb can be made into a gerund.

Spelling Tip

Verbing (Present Participle)

 Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
 For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > riding
 For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
 For a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is
stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin >
beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)

Gerund Examples
1. Gerunds can appear at the beginning of a sentence when used as a subject:

Jogging is a hobby of mine.

2. Gerunds can act as an object following the verb:

Daniel quit smoking a year ago.

3. Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition:

I look forward to helping you paint the house.

Note: The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds.

1. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund:

Paul avoids using chemicals on the vegetables he grows.

 2. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change in
meaning:

a) Some people prefer getting up early in the morning.

b) Some people prefer to get up early in the morning.

can't bear hate prefer Cease love

can't stand like propose Continue neglect

REMEMBER

Although the difference in meaning is small with these particular verbs, and gerunds and
infinitives can often be used interchangeably, there is still a meaning difference. Using a
gerund suggests that you are referring to real activities or experiences. Using an infinitive
suggests that you are talking about potential or possible activities or experiences. Because of
this small difference in meaning, gerunds and infinitives cannot always be used
interchangeably, such as in the examples below.

Examples:
 The British reporter likes living in New York. He lives in New York and he likes what he
experiences there.
 The British reporter likes to live in New York whenever he works in the United States.
He likes the option or possibility of living in New York when he works in the United
States.
 I like speaking French because it's such a beautiful language. I like the experience of
speaking French, and the way it makes me feel when I speak the language.
 I like to speak French when I'm in France. I prefer the option of speaking French when I
am in France.

3. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or infinitive but with a change in meaning:
a) He remembered sending the fax. (He remembered the act of send the fax)
b) He remembered to send the fax. (He remembered the fax and sent it.)

begin keep remember try forget

dread need start regret stop

List of verbs followed by gerund:

Admit discuss permit tolerate Stop

Advise dislike postpone try consider

Allow don't mind practice understand Continue

Anticipate dread prefer urge love

Appreciate encourage propose Despite mention

Avoid enjoy quit Neglect resent

Begin finish recall Suggest resist

can't bear forget recollect defend risk

can't help hate Recommend delay start

can't see imagine regret deny

can't stand involve remember mind

Cease keep report miss

complete like require need

What are Infinitives?

An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is formed with
to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.

Infinitive Examples
Infinitives can be used as:

1. an object following the verb:

Jim always forgets to eat

2. a subject at the beginning of a sentence:

To travel around the world requires a lot of time and money.

3. an adverb modifying a verb:

 You promised to buy me a diamond ring.

4. an adjective modifying a noun:

Tara has the ability to succeed.

Some verbs are directly followed by an infinitive:

Do you want to call your family now?

Some verbs are directly followed by a noun or pronoun and then by an infinitive:

a. I convinced Catherine to become vegetarian.

b. He advised me to sell all my shares of stock.

Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund without causing a change in meaning
(for other examples, see the gerund’s):

a. Will you continue working after you give birth?

b. Will you continue to work after you give birth?

Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund but with a change in meaning (for
other examples, see the gerund’s):

a. He stopped drinking coffee. (He never drank coffee again.)

b. He stopped to drink coffee. (He stopped what he was doing and drank some
coffee.)

List of verbs followed by to-infinitive:

agree love Like remember Decide cease hate

appear manage deserve seem Regret choose hesitate

arrange need dread start Learn claim hope

Ask neglect expect swear Yearn pretend wait

begin offer fail tend continue promise want

can't bear plan forget threaten refuse propose Wish

can't get (be intend

prefer try
stand allowed to)

would like
Care prepare happen vow ("wish" or
"want")