Kartarpur Corridor

The Kartarpur Corridor (Punjabi/Urdu:

‫ﮐﺮﺗﺎرﭘﻮر راﮨﺪاری‬, Punjabi: ) is a
border corridor between Pakistan and
India, connecting the Sikh shrines of Dera
Baba Nanak Sahib (located in Punjab,
India) and Gurdwara Darbar Sahib (in
Punjab, Pakistan). The corridor is intended
to allow religious devotees from India to
visit the Gurdwara in Kartarpur, 4.7
kilometres (2.9 miles) from the Pakistan-
India border, without a visa.[1]
 Kartarpur Corridor

Darbar Sahib, gurdwara commemorating Guru

Nanak, in Kartarpur, Pakistan

[Full screen]

Locations of the Kartarpur Corridor

Location Narowal district,

 Punjab, Pakistan
Gurdaspur district,
Punjab, India
Country Pakistan, India

Established 9 November 2019

Status Open for Indian citizens

and OCI holders

The Kartarpur Corridor was first proposed

in early 1999 by the prime ministers of
India and Pakistan, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
and Nawaz Sharif, respectively, as part of
the Delhi–Lahore Bus diplomacy.[2][3]

On 26 November 2018, the foundation

stone was laid down on the Indian side
and after two days, on 28 November 2018,
the foundation stone on the Pakistani side
was laid down by Prime Minister of
Pakistan, Imran Khan. The corridor was
completed for the 550th birth anniversary
of Guru Nanak Dev on 12 November
2019.[4]

The Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran

Khan, said "Pakistan believes that the road
to prosperity of region [sic] and bright
future of our coming generation lies in
peace", adding that "Pakistan is not only
opening the border but also their hearts for
the Sikh community".[5][6] The Prime
Minister of India, Narendra Modi,
compared the decision to go ahead with
the corridor by the two countries to the fall
of the Berlin Wall, saying that the project
may help in easing tensions between the
two countries.[7][8]

Previously, pilgrims from India had to take

a bus to Lahore to get to Kartarpur, which
is 125 km journey although people on the
Indian side of the border could physically
see Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur on
the Pakistani side. An elevated platform
had also been constructed for the same
on the Indian side, where people use
binoculars to get a good view.[9][10][11]
Background
The first guru of Sikhism, Guru Nanak,
founded Kartarpur in 1504 CE on the right
bank of the Ravi River and established the
first Sikh commune there. Following his
death in 1539, Hindus and Muslims both
claimed him as their own and raised
mausoleums in his memory with a
common wall between them. The
changing course of the Ravi River
eventually washed away the mausoleums.
A new habitation was formed, representing
the present day Dera Baba Nanak on the
left bank of the Ravi river.[12][13][14][15]
During the 1947 partition of India, the
region was divided between India and
Pakistan. The Radcliffe Line awarded the
Shakargarh tehsil on the right bank of the
Ravi River, including Kartarpur, to Pakistan,
and the Gurdaspur tehsil on the left bank
of Ravi to India.[16][17]

After partition, it is believed that Indian

Sikhs would go over to Kartarpur
informally, crossing a bridge on the Ravi
river which joined Dera Baba Nanak with
Kartarpur Sahib. This bridge was
eventually destroyed in the Indo-Pakistan
war of 1965.[18]
In 1948, the Akali Dal demanded that India
should acquire the land of the gurdwaras
in Nankana Sahib and Kartarpur. The
demands persisted till 1959, but the
Punjab state government controlled by
Indian National Congress advised against
any modification of the boundary fixed by
the Radcliffe Award. In 1969, on the
occasion of the 500th birth anniversary of
Guru Nanak, prime minister Indira Gandhi
promised to approach the Pakistan
government for a land-swap so that
Kartarpur Sahib could become part of
India.[19] None of this materialised.
However in September 1974, a protocol
was agreed between India and Pakistan
for visits to religious shrines.[20] Around
2005, the protocol was updated by
increasing the number of visits and the
number of sites.[21] However, Kartarpur
was never included among the sites
included in the 1974 protocol. According
to the Indian Ministry of External Affairs,
India had requested for its inclusion but it
was not agreed to by Pakistan.[22][23]

Gobind Singh, the caretaker of the

gurdwara at Kartarpur, said the gurdwara
had "remained shut from 1947 to 2000".[24]
The gurudwara had no staff despite
receiving pilgrims and entrance was
restricted. The Pakistan government
started repairing the shrine in September
2000 ahead of Guru Nanak's death
anniversary and formally reopened it in
September 2004.[25] The Kartarpur
Corridor mission was initially started by
Bhabishan Singh Goraya, he has been
pursuing the cause for past 24 years.[26]

According to Akali leader Kuldeep Singh

Wadala, the gurdwara had been
abandoned till 2003. It served as a cattle
shed for the villagers and its lands were
taken over by share-croppers.[19] Since
2003, however, the Pakistani government
has reportedly taken initiatives for the
upkeep of Sikh religious shrines.[27]

Corridor project
During the tenure of Prime Ministers
Nawaz Sharif and Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the
opening of Kartarpur border crossing was
first discussed in 1998. After further
discussions during the 1999 bus
diplomacy, Pakistan renovated the
Kartarpur Sahib gurdwara, and made it
available for viewing from the Indian
border.[28][29] The tensions arising from the
Kargil War put paid to the India–Pakistan
relations. However, it was reported that
General Pervez Musharraf gave a 'green
signal' for constructing a corridor,
according to the Pakistan Gurdwara
Prabandhak Committee chairman Lt.-Gen.
Javed Nasir.[30]

Manmohan Singh, during his first term as

the prime minister of India, also tabled the
issue in a speech in Punjab in 2004.[2][3][31]
The 'composite dialogue process' between
India and Pakistan initiated in 2004 also
discussed access to Kartarpur via an
Amritsar–Lahore–Kartarpur road link.[28]

In 2008, the Indian foreign minister Pranab

Mukherjee raised with his Pakistani
counterpart Shah Mehmood Qureshi the
idea of "visa-free travel" to
Kartarpur.[2][23][32] There was apparently no
official response, but privately, Pakistan
began to express its openness to the Sikh
community.[27][33][34] However, even up to
2012, the Indian government had no
response.[23] The stalled relations between
the countries were apparently to
blame.[22][32]

On 20 June 2008, at a press conference in

Dera Baba Nanak arranged by Akali leader
Kuldeep Singh Wadala, John W. McDonald,
a former American ambassador and
founder of Institute for Multi-Track
Diplomacy, called for "a peace corridor, a
peace zone" connecting shrines on both
sides of the border.[35][36] On 28 June 2008,
the Indian foreign minister at the time,
Pranab Mukherjee, said that the Indian
government would carry out a feasibility
study for the peace corridor.[37][38]
However, since the 2008 Mumbai attacks
took place, the relations between India and
Pakistan nosedived and the initiative
appears to have died. Members of the Sikh
community in Washington DC worked with
the Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy to
carry out an independent feasibility
study.[35] In August 2010, their report titled
"Kartarpur Marg" was released by Surinder
Singh and the Institute.[39][40] According to
the report, the cost of the corridor would
be 17 million US dollars, which the Sikh
diaspora agreed to raise.[41][42] The report
had said that it would cost Pakistan $14.8
million and India $2.2 million.[43] In
November 2010 the Punjab state
legislative assembly unanimously passed
a resolution in favour of an international
passage between the two sites and
forwarded it to the Indian Union
government on 1 October 2010.[44]

In August 2018, Indian Punjab tourism

minister Navjot Singh Sidhu attended the
Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan's
inaugural ceremony where he was told by
the Pakistan Army chief Qamar Javed
Bajwa of Pakistan's willingness to open
the Dera Baba Nanak–Kartarpur corridor
on Guru Nanak's 550th birth anniversary.
Given the clear time frame, this set the ball
rolling.[45][32]

In August 2018, another resolution related

to the corridor in the Indian Punjab Vidhan
Sabha was moved by chief minister
Amarinder Singh, which was passed
unanimously.[46] Following this the
government of Indian Punjab decided to
approach the prime minister of India
related to the opening of the corridor. In 30
October 2018, a group of Sikh Americans
sought the Prime Minister of India's for
help in opening the corridor.[47] In
November 2018, the Indian Cabinet
approved the plan to set up the corridor
and appealed to Pakistan to do the same.
The Pakistani foreign minister S. M.
Qureshi responded by tweeting that
Pakistan had "already conveyed to India"
that it would open a corridor.[3][43]

In August 2019, India and Pakistan agreed

to allow visa-free travel of Indian citizens
to Kartarpur, but differences persisted
about Indian consular officers being
located at the site.[48]

On 24 October 2019, S.C.L. Das, Joint

Secretary (Internal Security) in the Union
Home Ministry from India and Pakistan
Foreign Office Director General South Asia
and SAARC Mohammad Faisal met at Zero
Point near Dera Baba Nanak in the border
town of Gurdaspur to ink the
memorandum of understanding. The
signing of this agreement has paid the way
for 5,000 Indian pilgrims to visit the holy
site without a visa on daily basis. Under
the agreement, the pilgrims would come in
the morning and return in the evening after
visiting Gurdwara Darbar Sahib.[49] Each
visitor would be required to pay USD $20
as a service charge, which as per Pakistan
Foreign Office's DG South Asia & SAARC
Mohammad Faisal, would only cover one-
third of the current operational cost. India
however, had urged Pakistan to waive off
the fees for pilgrims. In response, on 1
November 2019, Pakistan's prime minister
Imran Khan announced on Twitter that
Sikh pilgrims coming from India for a
pilgrimage to Kartarpur will not be charged
any fee on the day of inauguration and on
Guru Nanak Dev's 550th birth anniversary
on 12 November 2019.[50] The Pakistan
government as a “special gesture” had
also waived off the passport requirement
for Kartarpur pilgrims extending up to one
year. However, the Indian government
decided against availing “concessions”
announced by Prime Minister Imran
Khan.[51] The Indian Ministry of External
Affairs announced that passport would be
required per the agreement between the
two countries.[52][53]

Foundation

On 28 November 2018, Prime Minister of

Pakistan, Imran Khan, laid the foundation
stone for the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib–
Kartarpur corridor near the Narowal
district of Punjab, Pakistan.[54]

Two central ministers of India, Harsimrat

Kaur Badal and Hardeep Singh Puri were
present at the event in Pakistan. In
addition, Navjot Singh Sidhu and member
of the Parliament from Amritsar, Gurjeet
Singh Aujla were also present.[55]

On 26 November 2018, Indian vice

president, Venkaiah Naidu, laid the
foundation stone of the Dera Baba Nanak-
Kartarpur Corridor at Mann, a village in the
Gurdaspur district of Punjab, India.[3][56]
Design of Kartarpur Corridor Complex

The Complex will have an international

standard hotel, hundreds of apartments,
two commercial areas and two car parking
lots, Border Facility Area, a power grid
station, tourist information centre and
several offices.[57]

Logistics

According to a presentation given by a US

firm, the survey for the corridor has been
completed by the Pakistan government.
The design and land acquisition took place
in December 2018. The construction of the
corridor was completed on 1 November
2019,[58] in time for the 550th birth
anniversary of Baba Guru Nanak on 12
November 2019.

Even though the point at which the

corridor will cross the border has not yet
been decided, construction of an 800-
metre (2,600-foot)-long bridge over the
Ravi River is going on. The construction
includes a 'boarding terminal' from where
shuttle buses will take the pilgrims from
India to Kartarpur. There will be temporary
accommodations and tents for the
pilgrims. There is an expectation that the
pilgrims will need to obtain special
permits, though not visas, for making the
trip, and they will need to undergo
biometric checks.[58]

Construction

Pakistan via its Frontier Works

Organization constructed 4.7 kilometres
(2.9 mi) of dedicated expressways,
including an 800-metre (2,600 ft) bridge
over the River Ravi, opened an immigration
office, and expanded the Gurdwara Darbar
Sahib Kartarpur to accommodate the
incoming pilgrims.[59][60] The first phase of
the construction of Kartarpur Corridor
project was completed in early November
2019.[61]

In April 2019, Land Ports Authority of India,

National Highways Authority of India and
Ceigall India Ltd started construction on
Indian side of the corridor.[62] An
integrated checkpost (ICP), 3.5 km four-
lane highway and a 100-metre bridge at
Dera Baba Nanak was constructed in
October 2019.[63][64]

Inauguration
On 9 November 2019, Prime Minister of
Pakistan, Imran Khan, inaugurated the
Kartarpur corridor at a ceremony that was
held in Gurdwara Darbar Sahib complex,
Kartarpur and around 12,000 pilgrims were
present on this ceremony.[65] On the
occasion, Prime Minister Khan said
"Pakistan believes that the road to
prosperity of region [sic] and bright future
of our coming generation lies in peace,
saying that today (9th November 2019)
Pakistan is not only opening the border but
also their hearts for the Sikh
community."[66][67]
The Prime Minister of India, Narendra
Modi, welcomed the move and compared
the decision for the corridor between the
two countries to the fall of the Berlin Wall,
saying that the project may help in easing
tensions between the two
countries.[7][68][69] During the inauguration
speech, he also said, "I would like to thank
the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan
Niazi for respecting the sentiment of
India."[70][71]

The Indian Sikh delegation that included

former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan
Singh, Indian Punjab Chief Minister
Amarinder Singh, cricketer-turned
politician Navjot Singh Sidhu and actor-
turned politician Sunny Deol arrived
through Kartarpur Corridor to celebrate
550th birth anniversary of Baba Guru
Nanak and attended the inauguration
ceremony on the special invitation from
Pakistani Prime Minister Khan.[72]

Navjot Singh Sidhu in his speech said that

Khan won the heart of Sikh community by
opening the corridor. He mentioned that
Alexander III of Macedon won the heart of
people by fighting, while Khan won hearts
of many Sikhs around the world by giving
access to their holy land Kartarpur.[72]
Earlier, however, the Indian government's
denial of political clearance to Sidhu to
visit Pakistan for the Kartarpur
inauguration snowballed into a last-
moment controversy.[73]

Security concerns and

propaganda
In November 2019, Indian intelligence
reported that they spotted alleged terrorist
training camps in the Narowal district
where the gurudwara is located.[74] The
Pakistan Foreign Office rebutted the Indian
media claims as baseless
propaganda.[75][76] In 2019, the Pakistani
army placed an unexploded bomb on
display inside the Kartarpur Sahib
Gurudwara premises with an
accompanying banner alleging that the
Indian Air Force had dropped this bomb
during the 1971 Indo-Pak war on the
gurdwara in an attempt to destroy it.[77]

Reception
Lahore-based historian, Fakir S. Aijazuddin,
characterised it as a "unique experiment"
in cross-border ties between India and
Pakistan. He claimed that universality
symbolised by Guru Nanak can bring the
people of all religions together.[58]
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pakistan-11573133167212.html .
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74. Terror camps in district that houses
Kartarpur gurdwara: Intel , The Times
of India, 4 November 2019.
75. PTI, Pakistan rejects reports about
presence of terror camps near
Kartarpur in Narowal district , India
Today, 5 November 2019.
76. "Pakistan rejects baseless allegation
of 'terror camps' near Kartarpur" . The
Express Tribune. 4 November 2019.
77. "Pakistan army places 'bomb' in
Kartarpur Gurudwara to instigate
Sikhs against India" . DNA India. 7
November 2019. Retrieved
10 November 2019.

Bibliography
 Jha, Prem Shankar (1996), Kashmir,
1947: Rival Versions of History , Oxford
University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-563766-
3
McDonald, John (2011), "Multi-Track
Diplomacy—lts Origins and Some of Its
Accomplishments", in Zachariah Cherian
Mampilly (ed.), Peacemaking: From
Practice to Theory , ABC-CLIO, pp. 73–,
ISBN 978-0-313-37576-7

External links
Images: Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in
Kartarpur , Geo TV, 28 November 2018.
More Information: kartarpur.com.pk
 Latest Updates: kartarpurcorridor.com

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