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PRINCETON, N. J.
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C^ THIRTY FOUR.
CONFERENCES
.. '^ , Bet;weea the
Danijh Missionaries
AND THE
Mahharian BRAMANS
CO R
HEATHEN PRIESTSJ
I N '
T H E
EAST INDIES,
Concerning the Truth of the Chriftian
Religion : Together with fome LETTERS
written by the Heathens to the faid
Miffionaries.
By Mr.THILIPPS.
ND L N,
Printed for H. Clements m St. P^«i's Church- Yard,
I'K Fleetwood in IVcJiwinJler- HaS neat the Parliament'
Stairs, and J,Seephem in Butchsr-£{pw. M DCC XIX.
TO THE
ING
STR,
THE following Confe-^
rences being an Efiay
to recommend to the
Heathens in the Eafl-hiJies
that faith, of which Your
Majcfty
The Epiflle Dedicatory.
I am
(May it pleafe Tjur Majefly)
J, Thomas Philipps*
THE
PREFACE.
H E Country Malalar begins
of
at Canonor^ a Town
in the Nor-
thern Latitude of 1 1 Degrees and
20 Minutes ; and ends at Cape
Comorin in the Northern Latitude of Seven
Degrees and Two Thirds, over againft^the
Ifland oi Ceylon. It contains divers King^
doms ; aSj Cochin^ Trdvancorj Gundaca^ PimU
ertta^Margate; and abounds with Ports, as,
Calecut^ Cale^Couiamy &c. The natural Pro-
duce of the Countrey is fo rich and profita-
ble to the Merchants, that the Englijh^
Dutchy Frenchy FortuguezCy DatieSy and Peo-
ple of other Trading Countries, have made
large Settlements upon thefe Coafts fince
the Year 1^2,4. when Fafco de Gama found
the Paflage to the Eafi Indies by the Cape
of Good Hope.
CO, Mod
ii The PREFACE.
Moft of Princes are Heathens, paying
its
ons.
Their
The PREFACE. Hi
Their Temple Worililp confifts in Sacrf.
£ces, Burning of Incence, in Cringings and
Boi^'ings ot the Priefts, Young Womens
Singing and Dancing to the Sound of Mu-
fical Initruments betore the Idols ; th6 In-
fpedion whereof is committed to the Care
(33) ''?
.%
vi Tk P RE F AC E.
h: Thou art endued with a Soul, and // is
Dom
;
Thefc
xvi The PREFACE.
Thefe were fome of the Opinions whereof
they were accus'd, and obligd to abjure
forthwith ; and, to their g-reat Surprize,
were forced to feparate themfelves from
their lawful Wives, or be fufpended from all
Church-Benefices.
'Twas and
llkewife decreed, that Syria^t
Chaldean Books fliould be burnt, or correded
by the Jefuits^ that by (^o doing, no ancient
In(/ia» Apoftolicai Monuments might remain
in thofc Parts, to refledt Reproach upon
Romtjh Novels. But notwithfiandiog this
Ecclefiaftical Tyranny, thefe Ancient Chri-
flians do dill look upon all thofc Proceedings
as wicked and unwarrantable ; and are far
from owning the Bifliop of Homes Suprema-
cy ; as appears from a Syriack Epiftle, dire-
died to Jgnatim Patriarch of Antioch^ from
Mahatoma an EcclefiaftickinW/^yreficiingin
Chadenad 'm Malahar^ and fent to Europe by
Mr. Vander Duin^ a Dutch Governour re-
turning for Holland in order to be furthered
to Afitjoch^ which he did accordingly, and
kept a Duplicate thereof for himfelf ; and
got it tranilated into Lath by the Learned
Charles Schaof, Vrok^^or o\ Heir ew
Ley den, in
for the Satis fadion of the Curious World.
The Subilance of the faid Letter is, to
reprefent to the Patriarch of Antioch Cwhom
he diles Head of the Catholkk Church) the
great NecelTity the Indians have of a
Spiritual
7he PREFACE. xvii
5pirltual Guide, and defires they may be
fupply'd with fuch Men asore vers'd in in-
Holy
terpreting the Scriptures.
This Learn'd Hehrem was not
Profellbr,
contented only with tranOating Maha Tho-
mas Epiiiie into Latin ; but writ- to him a
Letter in the Syr lack Langiuige, dirediing it
for him at Chaclenad In Malabar^ accompani-
ed with a Pre.fent of fome Syr/ack Teflaments
lately publiili'd by himiblf at Leyden de- ;
XX The PREFACE.
Difciples add to this, the great Service
;
which
The P RE FA€ E. %xi
which fuch a God muft certainly deteft
above all others.
Con-
Conference I.
UPON I
the Sixth of March, 1707,
Bartholomew 2.i€genbalgen wai»
vifited by a Grave and Learned
Braman : And asking him, what
he propos'd to himfelf by his Friendly Vi-
fit, he reply *d. That he defir'd to confer
with me amicably about the great Things
and Matters of Religion. Whereupon I
ask'd him, whether he would propofe to
B mc
2 The Firfl Conference]
me, or that I fhould lay before him fome Irti-
portant Queftions ; he accepted of the latter,
and promis'd to tell his Mind frankly,
upon my feveral Interrogatories. Then I
ask'd him, if he did ferioufly believe the
the Exiftence of One Supreme Being ? He
replied, Yes. Then, proceeded I, how can
that be, while you Maiahdrians believe a
Plurality of Gods ? We allow, rcpty'd the
BramaHy but One Primary aind Sovereigrt
Being, the Source and Fountain df all crea-
ted Derivations, and the Principle of all o.
ther inferiour diminutive Beings ; and con-"
flantly profefs, that the Great Triad of De-
ities, Ifurettj Wifchtnu and Birumay acknow-
5S
(>f
the Means of Salvation. 7
to the Way, nor drag you into his
right
Church mere Force ; but he will
by
deal with you as with Free Agents,
periuading you with all the Evidences of
Truth which if you obflinately rejed a-
;
to
14 'The Firfi Conferentel
believe in him
your only Saviour and Re-
as
deemer 'Tis then you'll be enlighten'd and
:
To
conclude, I faid to him, the Neceflity
of Faith in Chrift I have laid before you
already ; but to give you this Faith, is not
in mypower. Go home, dear Friend, and
proftrate your felf before the refulgent
Throne
cf the Means of Salvation. i
j
Throne of the Almighty Creator of the
tJniverfe, and beg him heartily to enlighten
your Mind in the great Truths relating to
your Eternal Happinefs ; and you'll find how
neceffary 'tis to believe in Jefus Chrift. He
thank'd me kindly for my Advice, and bid
ttie Adieu.
ii^
C Con-
19
Conference IL
C 3 He
1
Con,'
;
29
Conference III.
Minds
^o the Third Conference]
Minds to a conformity to the Divine Plea-
fure, you can never enjoy the Heavenly
Viilon, neither in this World, aor iii that
which is to come ;
fore ;
) I know neither your Vertues nor
Vices yet in Charity I am bound to hope
;
I anfwer'd, God
dwelleth in Light inac-
cefTible, Man can fee him and live;
and no
as 'twas faid to Mofes when he wearied God
with this very fame imprudent Requeft as
you are now propofmg. Know therefore, that
if God in Mercy had not been pleas'd to
reveal his Will to his Servants, we had been
dill walking in Darknefs, for ever ignorant
of the Way that leads to the Manfions of
the other World ; where only we can expe(5t
to
;
b % Cori.
37
Conference IV-
D 3 TheQ
3 ? Th^ Fourth Conference^
D 4 t
40 *Ihe Fourth Conference^
Sirs,
41 Th Fourth Conference,
MHi^
poni
i»
W • i
H,M
4^
Coherence V.
About the Difficulty of d
Rich Man's entrins: into
the Kingdom of Heaven.
;
Then one of them reply'd, God created
the Rich and the Poor, and Wills that alj
Ranks and Degrees of Men Ihould Wor/liip
him in Sincerity and Truth ; but pow we
jive in the Dregs of Time, when all things
run in a wrong Channel, as our Prophets
have foretold us that it rtiould be, as in-
deed we find it is For we find different Re-
;
E nOE
;
due applicatioq.
F 3 Thafti
54 The Fifth Conference^ Szcl
Con-
;
55
Conference VL
Containing feveral Parti-
ciilarsy &c.
ON was
the Firil
vifited
Malaharian
many
^
others
of January 1708,
by a Venerable
accompanied
of his Friends
I
old
with
to
wifh me ahappy new Year ; addrelTing
himfelf to me in thefe Words :
All
j8^ Tb^ Sixth Conference]
All
;
They
containing fever al Particulars. 6i
tjciai
^}
Conference VIL
TH E Twenty
1708, a
third
Mahometan
Negapatffum, favour'd
Vifit,
of Jannary
Prieft
me
from
with a
accompany 'd with fome
others , both Heathens aqd Mahometans,
whom I receiv'd very kindly, asking the
Prieft, if among his Congregation in Nega-
patnum he had many fober and ferious
Men?
No
;
YesV
of Regeneration^ &c; 6$
I ac-
of Regeneration^ &c. 6f
Sir,
of Regeneration, &c. 59
He fald, am
overjoy 'd to have made
I
Acquaintance with you But now, in the
;
light
of Regeneratioriy S^ci ^i
Jigbt of the great Truths that have been
propos'd unto you ; yet in time of Afflidi-
on, they may revive again, and exert thera-
felves in your Souls.
F 4 Nothing
,
Ire-
of Regeneration, &g« 'j^
Con-
,l\\
75
Conference VIII.
Of the Way
of Salvation ;
of Repentance , and of
many other Farticulars.
ou n^fi'
in
1^6 The Eighth Conference,
Ai
-^8 The Eighth Conferemf^
.
.y You muft, faid 1, have a found Know-
ledge of the finful miferabie Condition that
you are now
which makes you obnoxi-
in,
ous to the Difpleafure of Heaven, and the
Objeds of Almighty Vengeance ; When
once you arrive at this Knowledge of thcf
dangerous Confequences of Sin, you'll try
all Ways and Means to deliver your Souls
from the approaching Dangers ^ but you'll
find no fafety in your {lately Pagoe/s ; and
your Priefts and Bramans will be but Phy*'
ficians of no Value, to heal a wounded Con-
science : Then you'll conceive, that Chriji
fefus is the only Phyfician of Souls, and that
no other Mediator between offended
there is
They faid, we
never heard fuch things
in all our Lives ; and what to fay to you,
we can't tell.
Cjood
86 The Eighth Conference,
verlaftingly perilh.
They
of the Way of Salvation^ &c, 8J
G 4 I
88 The Eighth Confer mce^
AW
1;
Know-
of the Way of Salvation, &c. 9 J'
Knowledge of the true God but give that
;
mit
^4 '^f^^ Eighth Conference^
mit kind of Villanies, I know of no Ad-
all
Tii
of the Way of Salvation , &c, 95
'&''.'
§6 The Eighth Conference^
H 1
98 The Eighth Conference^
No, faid I ?
H z Con-
101
Conference IX.
ON a
the Fifth of March, 1708, I un-
dertook a Journey to Diruht/^eur^
very large City belong ng to
the King of Taf^jour, adorned
with beautiful Buildings efpecially with
,*
H
3
^
three
I o2 The ^inth Conference,
three {lately Temples, or Fagods^ very near
one to the other, all in a Line, with fine
Approaches and Entrys to them on both
Sides. Near thefe Pajods^ the King of Tan-
jour has built a (lately Palace, for his Recep-
tion when he comes a-pilgrimaging here.
After I had feen the Town, I fat down in
a Garden near the Bramans Inn, whither
very many and Bramans flock'd about
Priells
me ; whom I entertained with a Difcourfe
about the Being and Attributes of God ; to
which they gave very great Attention :
Then I dillributed Twenty Five Sermons
among them, which had been preach'd in
our Jerufalem-CAwxrch, at Tranquehar : Where-
upon a greater Confluence of Heathens came
to me, v/hom I heartily exhorted to feek after
the True God that created all Things, and
to fludy to know his Will, to the End they
might be made happy in this, and in the next
World J telling them, that if they did con-
tinue to woriliip Graven Images, that neither
hear, fee, nor underftand, their Punifhments
would be certainly unavoidable and ever-
lafling But if you, faid I, do this Day hear
:
is everlatlingly Dancing
Ano-
;
Then
:
diftribute ?
I
JIz Th^ Ninth ConfereHcey 8zcl
Cdti*
^^f
Conference X.
I
J4 T^he Tenth -Conference,
1% Then
1
I 3 Ths
1 ;:
Con-
jn
Conference XL
Of the Falfenefs of the Hea-
then Gods. OhJeBions a-
gainfi the Trinity an-
fwefd.
ON came
an
who
the Fird of
to me
May 1708, there
Learned Malabari-
a
Phyficiaii from Nagapatttam^
laid, Sir, I am told, that
you have learnt our Language, with a
befign to teach us a new Religion.
12 2 *The Eleventh Confer enci^
He anfwer'd, We
have had Chrijlians
amongfl: us for many Years who always
fcolded at us, calling us Heathens, Heathens ;
tho* they never made it out that we were
fo indeed ; nor that our Religion isFaife and
Heathenifli. I would willingly know your
Opinion on this Head.
He
of the Heathen Gihif. 125
But
124 ^^^ Eleventh Conference]
and contradiilory.
Do
12 6 The Eleventh Conference^
I
12? The Eleventh Conferen<:e]
God
of the Heathen Gods* 129
of
of the Heathen Gods, j j i
K i your
I J 2 The Eleventh Conference,
of another nature.
He
anfwerd, Queflions relating to the
Art of curing Difeafes in Human Bodies;
for I would know how they prepare
Medicaments among the Europeans ; and
whether they have skilful Men in the Art
ot Medicine.
of the Heathen Gods^ 1 3 j
Kj Con-
M5
Conference XII.
K 4 They
1 3 6 The Tn'>eljtb Conference^
Hence may
conclude, anfwered I, that
I
your Defiga in this Vifitis not right For :
Convcrfion.
The
:
He anfwered, Yes.
They
,
He
:
Con-
;
147
...4-
Conference XIIL
L z Sir,
148 The Thirteenth Confer ence^
How
of Philofophyy Idolatry, &c. 149
latrous Worfliip.
Con-
^
155
Conference XIV.
They
155 The Fourteenth Conferencey
Where-
1 6*0 The Fourteenth Conference]
M Con-
'^5^
Conference XV.
Ahout Matters of Religion.
I fignified my
joyful Readlnefs of con-
ferring with them abbut Matters of Religi-
on, it being the diftinguifliing Charader of
a Rational Being, to be capable of Difcour-
fing about the Things relating to the Su-
preme Being.
i
;
I I am very fenfible,
anfvV'er'd, that
what you fay, veryisrational and weighty
and therefore juftly claims our firft Confide-
racion, by inquiring into the Nature of, and
Charaders v\(\h\Q in the Chr/fiian und Mala-
larian Laws But feeing your Law can't be
:
M 4 We
1 68 7l}e Fifteenth Conference^
Art
ahut Matters of Religion, 1
6^
Satisfaction. '
One
of his Apparitions was to a Widow,
in whofe Service he engng'd himfelf, upon
condition he might have Meat enough; and
thereupon fell a eating fo ravenouiiy, that
neither Menaces nor Peifuafions could induce
him
I "y 2 The Fifteenth Confer ence^
hiai to any fort of Work And at laft, the
:
They
about Matters of Religion, i-r
j
N Con4
'79
Conference XVI.
•:;;:./"":''.' ;'""^:\ -^
Between fome Bramans^ and others,
and one of the Daniffj Miffiona-
ries;
Then
of Repentance, &c. i8i
One
of Repentance, &c. 185
Con-
1
89
Conference XVIL
POf the Caufe of the Pullick
Calamities^ &:c. of the Ma-
labarians.
God's Ground.
O 2 Con^
197
Conference XVIII
Con^
;
203
Conference XIX-
Con-
209
Conference XX.
Of the Malabarian Sacred
Law-Books , Aftrolog^y ,
and of many other Par--
ticulars.
P He
2 1 The Ivpentieth Conference]
P4 Con-
217
Conference XXL
Of their Wajhtngs and Puri^
ficatioiis and of the Do-
;
ON the Twenty
I walk'd out into
ninrh of January^
one of the neigh-
bouring Villages, where very ma-
ny Bramans allembied to hear my
Difcourfe ; among whom there was one
very famous for his Skill in the Art of Con-
juring andSoothfaying j and befides, was an
excellent Orator and having then finilh'd
;
their
i18 The Tn^enty firfl Conference^
their Ordinary Wafliings, and but juft come
out of the Water, I ask'd them,how daily Dip-
ping and Plunging did avail them ? Do you,
befides the cleanfing your Bodies, propofe by
fo doing, the purifying of your Souis ?
Con-
22 5
Conference XXII.
a Pro-
2 25 The Twenty [econd Conference^
Prophets, immediately fent from God,
to reform this wicked World from the
Evil of their Ways j the firft whereof
was Mofes, the fecond David^ the third Jt-
fm^ and the fourth Mahomet : Pray tell us,
faid they, which of the Four do you look up-
on to be the Greateft^and take for your Guide
in Matters of Religion ?
Q. i Here
2 28 The Twenty jecond Conference]
Q. 4 Here-
^ ;
Con-
^3?
Conference XXIII.
OftheGoodmfsofGodf and
of Maris Wickednefs and ;
Conference XXIV,
Of the HeatheniJJj Books ^ &c.
R 5 Con-
247
Conference XXV-
Of the Heathen Feajl-Days.
What Thoughts they con^
cehe of the Chriftian Faith.
Of Marriage, &c.
Between fome Bramans^ and one of
the Dani/h Miffionaries.
ON the
Feftival
Ninth of March,
among
went into one of
being a
the Heathens, I
their
towards the Evening, which I
Pagods,
ples.
To
2 JO The Twenty fifth Confer ence.
Then
^
Con-
;;
255
Conference XXVI.
jihotit feveral Particulars
relating to Religion.
If
:
bhfhed Religion?
Con-
2^1
Conference XXVII.
Of the fever al Excufes offered
l?y the Heathens, for not
receiving the Chriftian Re-
ligion.
But
of the Heathm% Excnfes^ 26$
That
;
Con-
268
Conference XXVIII.
Containing Afijwers to Thir-
teen ^lejiions proposed hy
them.
The
:
Here-
2 7^ The Twenty eighth Conference, &c,'
Con^
^73
Conference XXIX.
Of the jiffairs of Europe,
and of India, Their A-
verfion to all Europeans,
iecaufe they eat FleJJj.
ON the
I rode
ty Prince,)
Twenty
out to vifit
whom
third
Articles thereof ?
Con-
279
Conference XXX.
Of the Heathens Alms. State
of departed Souls.
T 4 For
,
Here-
of the Heathens AlmSy &ۥ 283
Con-
285
Conference XXXI.
Of Chriji, the Saviour of
the World whether every
;
You
288 The Thirty firfl Conferenccy &cJ
Con-
^
289
Conference XXXII.
Whether we/Jjould know God
and our own Minds firfl ;
or the Things ohviom to
our Senfes. Of Children
dying in their Infancy ,
Sec.
Dilcourfe , we
were prelently
furrounded by a great Multitude of Hear-
ers.
V The
25)0 The Thirty fecond Conference^'
V i
^
have no Organs of
I reply'd, that Spirits
Speech and therefore do not fpeak at
,•
V3 I
;
They
of knowing God firfl, Szc. 295
V 4 Our
2^6 The Thirty fecond Confer ence, &c.
Con-
297
Conference XXXIII.
Of the Water of the River
, Ganges of their Beads,
;
calTd Ruddiratfchangel,
and how prepard.
B^t
of the River Ganges^ Sec. 299
Con-
301
Conference XXXIV,
Of the Chriflian Religion ;
prefented
of the Chriflian Religion^ &c. 305
prefented him with fome Books out of our
Printing Houfe, relating to the Principles of
the Chriftian Religion i with which he feem-
X LETTERS
3°7
IF^^^R
^
LETTER 11,
LETTER III.
a General
ASemhly^ to receive feverally every one his
Final Doom > I reply, That when the Lad
of thefe Eighteen Great Durations of the
World are at an End Teach of which Dura-
tions, or Cycles, confifting of many thou-
(Imd Years^ then the Supream Being will
fummon the Dead to appear, in order to
judge every one according to his Deeds,
whether they be Good or Evil : The Godly
are either receiv'd into an Eternal State of
Happinefs, or are to undergo another Birth,
in order to be further purify 'd, and to arrive
to higher Degrees of Perfection But they
:
LETTER
to the Mijjionm ies* j i i
L E.T T E R IV.
agree to mind
in this, more the Things of
this World, than any Spiritual Concerns ,•
X 4 begin
5 1 2 Letters from the Heathens
begin with the Mahomeiatty which allows
one married Wife, but Fourty eight Con-
cubines i and commands to pray five times
a Day. Therefore I humbly conceive, that
a Man may be faved in this Religion, if he
Lmfeignedly believes the Frincipies thereof
to be Divine and True ; feeing 'tis confefs'd
on all Hands, that Faith is the great
Inftrument of our Salvation but this we ;
As
to the Mijfwnariesl 3 i
^
LET-
J 1 4 Letters from the Heathens
LETTER V.
that:
.
to the MiJJtonaries, 3 1
LETTER VI.
there.
LET.
9
to the Mifjionaries. 2 1
LETTER VII.
MOST Reverend
my own Duty,
with
compliance
Priefts, in
and your juft
Defires, I fend you the following Account
of our celebrated Poem, call'd Diruwalluwer :
It contains ^30 Verfes ; the Chapter caird
Arupal, has 38 Leaves, containing ^80 Ver-
fes y the Chapter Poralpaly 70 Leaves, con-
taining 700 Verfes the Chapter Rumapal,
,•
Lp-r- TT^
3 ZO Letters from the Heathens
LETTER VIII.
GOD in
inhabits A'oliafchum, or Paradife
which there are feveral Manfions
;
LETTER
:
L E TTE R IX*
LET-
3 22 Letters from the Heathens
LETTER X.
Y X LET-
324 Letters from the tieathens
LETTER XL
LETTER Xir.
The
to the MiJJionaries. j 2 7
LET-
to the Mijjionaries. 329
LETTER XIIL
to
50 Letters from the Heathens
3
to conduct: the Pilgrims into their Lodgings
in dark Nights with Flambeaux and Torches.
He never perverted Juftice; but the Poor
and the Rich were treated according to the
flrideO; Impartiality of diftributive Juftice ;
His Treafure was inexhauftible ; and after
he had reigned fourcy Years, he died, to the
great Lofs of all his Subjeds,
LETTER XIV.
LETTER
to the Miffionarief,
335
LETTER XV.
your feveral
INweanfwer
fend
to
you our Meaning
Queftions,
in few
Lines : And in the firft Place, touching
fuch Perfons as make it their Bufinefs to
cajole half witted innocent Men with large
Promifes, and other Allurements, in order
to mafter them afterwards, by reducing
them into the Condition of Slaves, we
look upon fuch Men, incapable of receiv-
ing Forgivenefs of Sins, and of enjoying
future Happinefs : And 'tis a Proverb com-
mon among us, That a City driving fuch
infamous Commerce, can never increale, nor
profper.
LET-
to the Mtjfwnaries* 335
LETTER XVI.
J J
^ Letters from the Heathens
LETTER XVII,
LET-
tc the Miffionarie%l 539
LETTER XVIII.
YOU
would
are pleas'd
have all Men be faved from
to ask me, if God
Law.
LET-
to the Mijjionaries, 341
LETTER XIX.
LET-
343
LETTER
F R O M T H E
ISSIO NJRIE<S
TO THEIR
Friend in Europe.
Mofl worthy Sir^
E Praife God with all our
Hearts, for making you fo
ulelul an Inflrument in Efig"
land to further the Progrefs
of the Gofpel among the Gentiles j botii by
your gopd Counfels and Sums of Money
that you were pleas'd to fend us at feveral
times : And we thank you more efpecially,
for the great Pains you took lately t.o traa-
flate our German Relations of the Progrefs of
the Gofpel among the Indians^ into the En-
gltjh Language which will, as we have
i
Oh ! When
will the time be, tliat all the
Proteflant Nations will joyn- Hands and
Hearts, to deflroy the Worlhip of Devils ;
and break to Pieces the Idols of the Hea-
thens, that the Name of ^ejtis may be made
knov\'n to all the Nations oi the Earth. The
Undertaking is great and feafible, back'dwith
many precious Promifes both rrcm the Old
and New Ttftamament, vit,. that all the
Kingdoms of the World will become the
Kingdoms of God and his Chriit.
We
J 4^ ^ Letter from the Miljlonaries
There
348 A Letter from the Miffionaries
Within
3 50 A Letter from the Mijjlonaries
Some
to their Friend in Europe* 351
Yours, &c.
B Ziegenhalg
jf. E^ Grundler.
^-^^
I N I S.
w^ti
ik
^m-