Nursing Biochemistry

Laboratory Report

Lipids
Activity No. 5

Yap, Alain John E. (Principal Author)

Omar, Princess Marizhar M.
Sanaani, Nur Fatima S.
Locker No.40 NurBio Lab C
1st Semester, SY 2019-20
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

RATIONALE

DATA INTERPRETATION

Lipids are a group of fats and fat-like substances that are important constituents of cells and
sources of energy. A lipid panel measures the level of specific lipids in the blood. Two important
lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides, are transported in the blood by lipoprotein particles. Each
particle contains a combination of protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid molecules.
Shown below are the different types of test mixed with different solvents and data results
presented.

A. Solubility Test

SAMPLE SOLVENT USED RESULT

The changes in this solvent was observed after

Distilled water one second, the oil is formed on top of the water.
Cottonseed There’s no dissolve because oil is not soluble in
Oil mixing with water. They just separate to each
other.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

It is insoluble dissolve because more

hydrocarbons in a lipid molecule the cottonseed
oil were separated, because the cottonseed oil
Ethyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol contain different solvents.

Dissolve clear Non-polar solvents, lipid

molecules are soluble in them because of the
Ether presence of vander. The cottonseed created a
surface layer of oil with the ether alcohol. Oil is
soluble in ether since ether is an organic-
nonpolar solvent.

The changes are still the same, the cottonseed oil

were formed on top, but it was formed separately
into small bubbles. Because it also contains non
Chloroform polar solvents

Heterogenous since benzene is a nonpolar

Benzene compound
(Theoretical)

5% HCl It is a Non-polar solvents

Heterogeneous and a Non-polar solvents when

Sodium Hydroxide is mixed with fats and oils, it
5% NaOH will cause a chemical reaction called
saponification.

Mixture Evidence Result (Description)

Form a violet line on the side after 10

Cottonseed oil + seconds in 15 minutes it look dry it is
(Attach cut fine bond paper here)
ethyl alcohol identified as heterogenous.

Cottonseed oil + When we dropped the cottonseed on the

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

ether same spot, there are no formation observed,

(Attach cut fine bond paper here)
it is observed as Homogenous.

Name of Test Test Reagents Added Result

Solutions

B. Test for Oleic Acid Br2 in CCl4 It turned into color yellow, and small bubbles
Unsaturation were form in 5 seconds.

(Theoritical Result)

Palmitic Acid CHCl3 Hanus Heterogenous, in turned into light red color
Iodine when both reagents were combined.

More unsaturated bonds in these group of

lipids

Oleic Acid CHCl3 Hanus The color turn to light pink in 10 seconds, it
Iodine is observed as heterogenous more
unsaturated bonds in these group of lipids

Cottonseed CHCl3 Hanus The cottonseed is formed on top of the Hanus

Oil Iodine Iodine, and it turned into a pinkish violet
color

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

C. Acrolein Test Glycerol KHSO4 (s) No odor is observed fats are odorless.

Cottonseed oil KHSO4 (s) Odor is observed in this is used oil no fat
present in cottonseed oil smelled like
chicharon.

ACROLEIN TEST

D. Fresh Phenolphthalein No color form colorless it means there

coconut oil is no reaction
Rancidity Test

Methyl orange Heterogenous it has a ligt orange color

The solution became acidic

pH paper No color form from the bottom because

fatty acids are still present in the

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

glycerol

Rancid Phenolphthalein Form red color from the bottom,

coconut oil because fatty acids are still present in
the glycerol

Methyl orange Form red color from the bottom

pH paper Heterogenous, it has a light brown color

RANCIDITY TEST

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

E. Saponification

E. Saponification coconut oil 10% KOH Formed into jelly

SAPONIFICATION

F. Properties of Soap

F. Properties Test Reagents Result

of Soap Solutions Added

Salting-out Soap Table spoon of Suds are present on the surface,

solution Soaps are easily precipitated by
salt
concentrated salt solution

Formation of Soap 10% CHC Soap is precipitated as a solid, precipitate

Fatty Acids solution of white form is observed.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

Name of Test Test Reagents Added Result

Solutions

Insoluble Soaps Soap 5% CaCl White precipitate is observed

solution

Detergent 5% CaCl White precipitate is formed

G. Liebermann Test

G. Liebermann- Cholesterol
Burchard Test

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

LIEBERMANN TEST

H. Emulsifying Test

H. Emulsifying 2% Cholesterol Two layers were formed, because

Action albumin albumin and cholesterol didn’t mix

Cholesterol – There is no changes

lecithin

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. Why are fatty acids insoluble in water?

Answer: There are more hydrocarbons, that are more hydrophobic than carboxyl. Fatty acids
are known as a phospholipid. The carboxyl end of the fatty acid is highly polar and therefore
water soluble (hydrophilic meaning attracted to water). Hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid is
highly non-polar and therefore water insoluble (hydrophobic, which means scared of water).
2. Explain why the cis-form is the predominant configuration of unsaturated fatty acids?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

Answer: Unsaturated fatty acids can exist in either the cis or trans form depending on the
configuration of the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms joined by the double bonds. If
the hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the carbon chain, the arrangement is called cis.
3. What type of rancidity occurs in vegetable shortenings? How can it be prevented?
Answer: Oxidative rancidity. That is the exposure to oxygen to the shortening results in the off
flavor of the shortening once the oxidation becomes significant.(off flavor =rancidity)
4. Show the structure of the parent compound of cholesterol.
Answer:
CH3-(CH2) x---COOH
Saturated carbon chain carboxyl group

5. Explain the cooperative effect of lecithin and albumin.

Answer: lecithin is an emulsifier consisting of a variety of ingredients, the active components
being phospholipids - these are long chain polar lipids. The emulsifying properties of lecithin
result from this combination of a polar (hydrophilic) group attached to a non-polar (hydrophobic)
lipid chain, and means that they can help disperse an oil phase into an aqueous solution or vice
versa, creating an emulsion (oil-in-water or water-in-oil respectively).

CONCLUSION
Fats and oils are recognized as essential nutrients in human diets and are the most concentrated source of
energy. Vegetable oils and fats are principal sources of fat in the diet. Lipids are organic compounds that
are readily soluble in nonpolar solvent but not in polar solvent . It is usually made up of glycerol or fatty
acid units, with or without other molecules. Multiple experiments were made, different reagents and
solvents were mixed, shown above are the different experiments that were made to be done, data and
results are also shown with their different procedures.

REFERENCES

"Basic Biology”, (2016) https://basicbiology.net/micro/biochemistry/lipids

“Biology Online”, (2019) https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Lipid

“Quora Ask” (2019 https://www.quora.com/Why-sodium-hydroxide-mix-with-oil-for-soap-making

https://www.slideshare.net/ruuschy/activity-5-a-biochem-report

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University