BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Pilani

Pilani Campus
Instruction Division

FIRST SEMESTER 2019-2020

Course Handout (Part II)

Date: 02/08/2019

In addition to Part I (General Handout for all courses appended to the Time Table), this portion
gives further specific details regarding the course.

Course No.: PHY F213

Course Title: OPTICS

Instructor-in-charge: D. D. Pant

Course Description:

The course will cover Geometrical optics, wave optics, Diffraction, Laser theory, Fiber optics and the recent
trends of research in the optical physics.

Scope and objective of the course:

The objective of the course is to give an introduction to basic phenomena in optics and the
techniques used to deal with them. The recent development of the subject and its application in the
research level will be discussed. Course will assume a basic knowledge of optics at the level of the
core Physics courses. The course will also provide theoretical background for the optics
experiments done in Electromagnetism & Optics Lab. (PHYF214).

Text Book (TB):

Optics: AjoyGhatak, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill (2012)

Reference Book (RB):

1. Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, McGraw Hill Book Co, New York.
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths, 3rd Ed., Pearson, 1999
3. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, I.

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Instruction Division

1. Course Plan:

Lecture Learning Topics to be covered Reference Learning outcome

No. Objectives
Chap. Sec. #

1-4 Introduction Basic introduction to 2&3, Understand the basic

to optics, optics, Newton's optical phenomenon. why
Fermat's corpuscular model, laws of Newton's corpuscular
principle and reflection and refraction model was a failure?
applications from Fermat’s principle, Correct explanation of
ray equations, ray paths. reflection refraction using
Fermat's principle, predict
the angles of refraction and
reflection at interfaces,
understanding various
optical phenomena for ex:
mirage by solving the ray
equation, obtain ray paths
in inhomogeneous media
for ex: optical fiber, transit
time calculation.

5-8 Matrix Matrices for translation, 5.1-5.5 In Paraxial approximation,

methods in refraction and reflection, applying the matrix method
paraxial unit planes, nodal points, to a given set of many
optics system of two thin lenses lenses, student will be able
to predict by calculation
the exact location of image,
magnification factor; and
focal length of any optical
system with many optical

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Instruction Division

components without
performing actual
experiments,

9-11 Aberrations Chromatic and Spherical 6.1-6.3.1 Understand that Chromatic

Aberration, achromatic aberration is a distortion of
doublet, separated doublet image occurring due to the
variation of refractive index
of the material of lens with
wavelength of light,
Designing achromatic
doublet will be able to
propose a design for an
optical system with minimal
optical distortions.

12-15 Origin of Origin of refractive index, 7.5, 7.6 Knowledge about origin of
refractive refractive index is complex, index of refraction of a
index, Rayleigh Scattering, medium and effect of
dispersion Dispersion damping coefficient of a
and given medium on refractive
scattering index. explanation for why a
theory given medium looks of a
particular colour.
Dispersion: variation of
refractive index with
frequency.

16-18 Group group velocity, normal and 10.1-10.3, Concept of group velocity
velocity and anomalous dispersion, 1D 11.9, and phase velocity,
Dispersion wave equation and its variation of refractive index

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Basic of wave general solution with wavelength.

motion.

19-20 Coherence Line width of a source, 17.1-17.5. Student will be able to

spatial coherence, define and hence estimate
coherence time coherence time and
coherence length of a given
source, estimate the
monochromaticity or the
spectral purity of source ,
concept of spaptial
choerence.

21-26 Diffraction Fraunhofer and Fresnel 18.1-18.2, Fraunhofer diffraction by

diffraction: Single slit 18.6-18.7, single slit and double slit, a
diffraction, double slit student will be able to apply
20.1-20.3.
diffraction, N slit the concept of N slit
diffraction, Fresnel half diffraction to understand
period zones, diffraction by the working principle of
circular aperture, Zone grating and dispersion
plate power of grating, its
applications.

Student will learn difference

between Fresnel and
Fraunhofer diffraction,
theory of Frensel zones,
construction of zone plate
and its applications; will be
able to calculate the Fresnel
diffraction patterns of slits

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of various shapes.

27-28 Holography Basic theory and 21.1-21.4 Learn the Phenomenon of

applications. holography and applications
in diverse fields.

29-32 Polarization Malus’ law, double 22.1-22.17 Polarization of EM wave;

refraction Optical activity, student can design a filter
with varying gray scale
linearly polarized light,
intensity; how to control
Circular polarized light,
polarization of EM waves at
interfaces with various
angles of incidence, concept
of Brewster angle and
importance of Brewster
angle in various
applications, Jones matrix
representation, ray velocity
and ray refractive index,
Faraday rotation.

33-36 Maxwell’s wave propagation in 23.1-23.6, Application of Maxwell's

equations anisotropic media, Plane 24.1- 24.6 & equations to EM waves,
and wave propagation in RB 2 plane wave equation in a
Electromagn anisotropic media, dielectric, poynting vector,
etic waves: Reflection and Refraction intensity of an
of EM waves, Reflection electromagnetic wave.
Reflection
and transmission
and Reflection and refraction at
coefficients,
Refraction. an interface of two media.

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Calulate reflection and

transmission coefficients.

37-42 Introduction Spontaneous emission, 26.1-26.10 How stimulated emission is

to Lasers Stimulated emission, responsible for lasing
Einstein coefficients, action? components of
threshold condition, some laser and laser action.
laser systems. Explain fiber, Ruby and HE-
NE lasers. Raman
applications of laser.

Evaluation Scheme:

EC Component Duration Weightage Date & Time Nature

No. (%)

1 Mid-Sem Test 90 minutes 30 Closed Book

2 Tutorial 30 Closed/Open
Tests/Assignments Book

3 Comprehensive 3 hours 40 Closed

Examination Book/Open
Book

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Instruction Division

Chamber Consultation Hour: To be announced in the class

Notices: All notices will be displayed on Physics Department Notice Board or on Nalanda site.

Make-up Policy: Make-up will be given only in genuine cases.

Instructor-in-charge

D. D. PANT

PHY F213

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