26/09/2016

What is a mole?
The Mole Concept  In 1811, a scientist named Amedeo
Avogadro performed an experiment
where he found that
“equal volumes of gases,
at the same temperature
OM2029
and pressure, contain
equal numbers of molecules.”
http://www.bulldog.u-net.com/avogadro/avoga.html

A mole is a counting unit. What is a mole?

Just like:
 12 eggs equals a dozen eggs
 144 pencils equals one gross of
pencils
 60 seconds equals one minute
 Avogadro had no idea what the number
of molecules was and he couldn’t
measure them
 BUT his hypothesis did lead to the
eventual determination of this number,
6.02 x 1023
This became known as the measure of a
MOLE.

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One mole equals 6.022 x

What is a mole? 1023 particles
 The mole became the reference point for  So one mole of eggs would be 6.022
most calculations and equations in
chemistry x 1023 eggs
 One mole of pencils would be 6.022
 A mole is: x 1023 pencils
6.02 X 1023 particles
 And so on...
Or:
602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
particles!

Where did the mole come The magic number..

from?
 The unit, called the mole (or mol), is
defined as the number of atoms in
exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope
 The number of particles in one mole,
 One mole of any object always means 6.022
6.022 x 1023, is known as
× 1023 units of those objects.
Avogadro’s constant or number.
For example:
 This was named after Amedeo 1 mol of H2O contains 6.022 × 1023 molecules
Avogadro (1776-1856) 1 mol of NaCl contains 6.022 × 1023 formula units

2

Imagine that we had a mole
of gumballs(candy balls).
If all 6 billion people on Earth were
to do nothing but count the
gumballs in one mole at the rate of
one gumball per second, it would
take over 3 million years to count
all the gumballs!!
Molar Mass
 The atomic mass number under a
symbol on the periodic table is also
the molar mass of that element
 The new units are: grams/mole.
C
12.01 Molar Mass:
12.01 grams
Mole
26/09/2016
If the number is so big, how
does it help us?
 The mole helps measure atoms in a
more manageable way because
atoms are so small!
 One mole of silver contains 6.02 x 1023
atoms of silver, but those atoms can fit
into a small beaker!
Molar Mass
For example:
A molar mass of sodium = 23.0 grams
This means that if you could measure
6.02 x 1023 atoms of sodium (or one
mole) into a beaker, it would weigh
23.0 grams!
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Moles and Compounds note!

 What about a mole of water?
 A mole of water (or 6.02 x 1023
molecules) weighs 18.0 grams!
You can determine the molar mass of any
compound by adding the molar mass of
each atom or multiples of atoms!
A mole is 6.02 x 1023 particles!
A mole of copper will not have the
same volume as a mole of sodium
chloride!
But one mole of any gas at STP will
have same volume (22.4 L)

Now calculate: How many

atoms are in 7.5 mol of A formula..
Argon?
Number of moles = mass (g)
No. of moles of Ar = 7.5 mol
RMM
No.of atoms of Ar = ? atoms

RMM- Relative Molecular Mass

7.5 mol Ar x =
6.022 x10 23 atoms Ar
1 mol Ar Eg:
Find the number of moles of 500g of
sucrose (C12H22O11).
=4.52 x 1024 atoms Ar RMM (from periodic table)=342.30
number of moles = 500/ 342.30 =1.46mol

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Test your Knowledge……….

1. How many atoms are present in 6.5
mol of sodium?
2. How many moles of xenon is 5.66 x
1026 atoms?
3. How many molecules are there in 4 moles
of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?