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Issues
Indian concept of secularism, where
religious laws supersede state laws and
the state is expected to even-handedly
involve itself in religion, is a controversial
subject.[6][8][33] Any attempts and demand
by the Indian populace to a uniform civil
code is considered a threat to right to
religious personal laws by Indian
Muslims.[3][5]
Islamic feminists
The controversy is not limited to Hindu
versus Muslim populations in India. The
Islamic feminists movement in India, for
example, claim[40] that the issue with
Muslim Personal Law in India is a historic
and ongoing misinterpretation of the
Quran. The feminists claim that the Quran
grants Muslim women rights that in
practice are routinely denied to them by
male Muslim ulema in India. They claim
that the ‘patriarchal’ interpretations of the
Quran on the illiterate Muslim Indian
masses is abusive, and they demand that
they have a right to read the Quran for
themselves and interpret it in a woman-
friendly way.India has no legal mechanism
to accept or enforce the demands of these
Islamic feminists over religious law.
Article 25(2)(b)
Article 25(2)(b) of the Indian constitution
clubs Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains along
with Hindus, a position contested by some
of these community leaders.[42]
Views
See also
Freedom of religion in India
Indian Humanist Union
Irreligion in India
Pseudo-secularism
Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava
References
1. {{cite web|title=The Constitution
(Forty-Second Amendment) Act,
1976|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiwe
b/amend/amend42.htm%7Cpublisher=
Government of India|accessdate=1
December 2010|url-
status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20150328040620/http:
//indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/ame
nd42.htm%7Carchivedate=28 March
2015|df=dmy-all /ref> the Preamble to
the Constitution asserted that India is
a secular nation. Institutions started to
recognise and accept all religions,
enforce parliamentary laws instead of
religious laws, and respect pluralism.
2. " "A skewed secularism?" by
Christophe Jaffrelot" . Retrieved
27 July 2012.
3. Rajagopalan (2002), "Secularism in
India", in Editor: William Safran, The
Secular and the Sacred - Nation,
Religion and Politics, Chapter 13,
ISBN 978-0714683010
4. [1]
5. Muslim groups want minimum marital
age scrapped M.G. Radhakrishnan,
India Today (22 September 2013)
6. Gerald James Larson (2001), Religion
and Personal Law in Secular India: A
Call to Judgment , Indiana University
Press, ISBN 0-253-33990-1
7. Zoya Hasan and Ritu Menon (2005),
The Diversity of Muslim Women's
Lives in India, Rutgers University Press,
ISBN 978-0-8135-3703-0, pp 26-45, 59-
64, 92-119
8. Craig Duncan, Shah Bano: The
Dilemma of Religious Liberty and Sex
Equality , Cornell University, Ithaca,
2009
9. DD Acevedo (2013), Secularism in the
Indian Context, Law & Social Inquiry,
Volume 38, Issue 1, pp 138-167
10. John H. Mansfield, "The Personal
Laws or a Uniform Civil Code?" in
Robert D. Baird, ed., Religion and Law
in Independent India (Manohar Press,
1993), pp. 139-177
11. Dhume, Sadanand (20 June 2010).
"The Trouble with Dr. Zakir Naik" . The
Wall Street Journal.
12. Pia Brancaccio, The Buddhist Caves at
Aurangabad: The Impact of the Laity ,
Ars Orientalis, Vol. 30, Supplement 1,
(2000), pp. 41-50
13. Owen, L. (2012). Carving Devotion in
the Jain Caves at Ellora (Vol. 41). Brill,
The Netherlands
14. A.V. Thomas, Christians in Secular
India , Fairleigh Dickinson University
Press, ISBN 978-0838610213, pp 26-
27,
15. Ellora Caves UNESCO, World Heritage
List (1983)
16. Brockman, N. (2011), Encyclopedia of
sacred places ; 2nd Edition; see
entries for Ajanta, Ellora and other
sacred places of India, ISBN 978-
1598846553
17. A.L. Basham, The Wonder that was
India, Grove Press, New York (1959);
page 53-132
18. Makarand Paranjape (2009), Altered
Destinations: Self, Society, and Nation
in India, London, Anthem Press South
Asian Studies, ISBN 978-1-84331-797-
5, pp 150-152
19. See "Mughal Empire." Gale
Encyclopedia of World History:
Governments. Vol. 1. Detroit; Gale,
2008
20. Richards, John F. The Mughal Empire.
New York: Cambridge University Press,
1993
21. Domenic Marbaniang, Secularism in
India, 2005 as cited by Shiv Shankar
Das in "Buddha Dharma, Secular Laws
and Bahujan Politics in Uttar Pradesh,"
Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social
Sciences, Vol.19. No.1, June 2014,
p.121
22. Duncan and Derrett (1968), Religion,
Law and the State in India, Free Press,
New York
23. Nandini Chatterjee, The Making of
Indian Secularism: Empire, Law and
Christianity Macmillan,
ISBN 9780230220058
24. The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat)
Application Act, 1937 Universal Law
Publishing, New Delhi; pp 3-7
25. THE MUSLIM PERSONAL LAW
(SHARIAT) APPLICATION ACT, 1937
ACT No. 26 OF 1937, Government of
India
26. Shashi Tharoor, "The Partition: The
British game of 'divide and rule'"
27. Donald E Smith (2011), India as a
Secular State, Princeton University
Press, ISBN 9781178595253
28. Chandra Mallampalli, Christians and
Public Life in Colonial India:
Contending with Marginality (London,
2004)
29. KN Kumari (1998), History of the
Hindu Religious Endowments in
Andhra Pradesh, Northern Books,
ISBN 978-8172110857
30. Presler, F. A. (1983). The structure and
consequences of temple policy in
Tamil Nadu, 1967-81. Pacific Affairs,
56(2), 232-246
31. Results of billion dollar treasure hunt
in Hindu temple to be revealed Gene
Koprowski, Fox News (2 October 2012)
32. Laura Jenkins, Shah Bano: Muslim
Women’s Rights , University of
Cincinnati, Ohio (2000)
33. Madan, T. N. (1987), Secularism in Its
Place, Journal of Asian Studies, 46 (4):
747–759
34. Nandy A, A Billion Gandhis, Outlook
India, 21 June 2004
35. Secularism in India Archived 29
October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
R. A. Jahagirdar, IHEU (11 May 2003)
36. Elizabeth Hurd (2008), The Politics of
Secularism in International Relations,
Princeton University Press
37. Gary Jacobsohn, The Wheel of Law:
India’s Secularism in Comparative
Constitutional Context, Princeton
University Press, 2005
38. Thomas R. Metcalf (2002). A concise
history of India. Cambridge University
Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-521-63974-
3. "Rajiv Gandhi cared little about the
Shah Bano case himself, and no doubt
would have preferred a common civil
code; nevertheless he saw in the
opposition to this supreme court
decision a heaven-sent opportunity to
draw Minority voters to the Congress
cause."
39. Kirti Singh, "Obstacles to Women’s
Rights in India," in Rebecca J. Cook,
ed. Human Rights of Women: National
and International Perspectives
(University of Pennsylvania Press,
1994), pp. 375-396
40. Sylvia Vatuk, Islamic Feminism in
India: Indian Muslim Women Activists
and the Reform of Muslim Personal
Law, Modern Asian Studies, Volume
42, Issue 2-3, March 2008, pp 489-518
41. Fernandes, Aureliano (2000). "Political
Transition in Post-Colonial Societies.
Goa in Perspective" . Lusotopie. 7 (1):
341–358.
42. "Obama Affirms Indian Constitution's
Article 25 Over Objections of South
Asian Americans" . Sikh Siyasat News.
Retrieved 23 November 2015.
43. Imagining India, by Ronald Inden.
Indiana University Press. 2000. p.xii.
44. Amartya Sen (2006), The
Argumentative Indian: Writings on
Indian History, Culture and Identity;
ISBN 978-0312426026; Picador
45. Minhaz Merchant, Amartya Sen and
the ayatollahs of secularism – part 3,
The Times of India, 24 July 2013
46. "Indian writers guilty of double
standards when it comes to dissent:
Taslima Nasrin" . The Times of India.
Retrieved 23 November 2015.
47. Farman Nawaz. "Why Indian Muslim
Ullema are not popular in Pakistan?" .
The Pashtun Times.
Further reading
"Seventy Years of Secularism: Unpopular
Essays on the Unofficial Political
Religion of India" by Sandeep
Balakrishna, Kindle Edition
"The Making of Indian Secularism:
Empire, Law and Christianity, 1830-1960
(Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial
Studies Series)" by Nandini Chatterjee
"A Secular Agenda - For Strengthening
Our Country,For Welding It" by Arun
Shourie, Publisher: Rupa & Co,
Language : English
G.J. Larson, Religion and Personal Law in
Secular India: A Call to Judgment,
Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-
0253214805
"Indian Controversies: Essays on
Religion in Politics" by Arun Shourie,
Publishers: Rupa & Co, South Asia
Books, A S A Publications, Language:
English
"India's secularism: new name for
national subversion", original in Hindi by
Sita Ram Goel, translated into English by
Yashpal Sharma, Publisher: Voice of
India
"Muslim politics in Secular India" by
Hamid Umar Dalwai, Publisher: Hind
Pocket Books, Language:English
Vivek Swaroop Sharma (2016).
"Secularism and Religious Violence in
Hinduism and Islam" in Economic and
Political Weekly 51 (18), pp. 19–21.
Available at
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
n/299526439_Secularism_and_Religiou
s_Violence_in_Hinduism_and_Islam .
Vivek Swaroop Sharma (2015). "The
Myth of a Liberal India" in The National
Interest 140 pp. 66–71. Available at
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
n/283016715_The_Myth_of_a_Liberal_I
ndia .
Ratna Kapur and Brenda Cossman,
Secularism's Last Sigh? Hindutva and
the (Mis)Rule of Law (Oxford University
Press, 2001 reprint)
M.M. Sankhdher: Secularism in India.
Dilemmas and Challenges. 1992.
External links
India: Secularism and Freedom of
Religion University of Vermont, United
States
Legalizing Religion: Indian Supreme
Court and Secularism Ronojoy Sen,
University of Hawaii
India as a Secular State Donald E
Smith, Read Online version, Princeton
University Press - provides a pre-1963
historical Indian perspective on
secularism
Republic of India - Legal systems,
constitutional history and secularism
Emory Law School, Atlanta
Secularism In India : History,
Implications and Alternatives
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Secularism_in_India&oldid=925434783"
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