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Verbs are words that show an action, occurrence, or state of being.

an action – run, hit, travel

an event – rain, occur

a situation – be, seem, have

a change – become, grow, develop

Eg: He has completed his work.

 VERB
Verbs can be divided into two types

1. Auxiliary verb/ Helping verb: These are the verbs that are used with the main verbs. Basically
they provide elaborate meaning to the sentence

2. Main verb: The main verb is also called the lexical verb or the principal verb. This term refers to
the important verb in the sentence, the one that typically shows the action or state of being of the
subject. Main verbs can stand alone, or they can be used with a helping verb, also called an
auxiliary verb.
 VERB(BASIC)
These are the verbs that are used with the main verbs. Basically they provide elaborate meaning to the
sentence. Helping verbs do just what they sound like they do—they help! Different helping verbs help
or support the main verb in different ways. For instance, they can show tense (which indicates when an
action happened), ability, intention, or possibility.

I can do the work.

He is working very hard.

 VERB(BASIC)
Helping verbs are further of three types-

1. Modals
2. Primary auxiliary verb
3. Marginal auxiliary verb
1. Modals
As their name suggest these do not act as main verbs. These are used to denote ability, permission,
possibility, obligation or likelihood in a sentence.
Can, could, may, might, shall, will, should, would, must etc.
Uses of can/could:
Can- power/ability/capacity/permission/friendly request

He can jump from 4th floor.

You can dance now.
He can study for four hours at a stretch.
Can you lend me ten rupees?

Could (past tense of can)- past ability/ capacity/formal request

1st form of verb is used with this

She could accompany you if she wanted.

Ram could run alone yesterday.
Could i talk to neha ?
He could not come in the party.

Can - Theoretical possibility could - Remote possibility

Anyone can fight for his dignity. There could be a snake in your bedsheet.
Everyone can crack the exam. There could be a gun in the purse.
Uses of can/could:
Can also shows negative possibility

It cannot be true.

He cannot come .

Find errors if any:

1. The old man can’t be able to walk alone.

Uses of can/could:
Can also shows negative possibility

It cannot be true.

He cannot come .

Find errors if any:

1. The old man can’t be able to walk alone.

We cannot use ‘able to’ with can/ could.

As can / could shows the ability of persons so if we will use ‘able to’ with these words, the sentence will
become superfluous.
The old man can’t be able to walk alone. (wrong)
The old man can’t walk alone. (correct)
 May / Might / Must
May - positive possibility ( neither low nor high )/ / optative sentences / respect / request
(interrogative form)
He may come tomorrow.
They may call you in the evening.
Garima may invite you to the party.
May is used with optative sentence(sentences that are used to pray or wish).
May you live long.
May god bless you.
May is used with Respect / Request (interrogative form)
May i come in ?
May i go to drink water ?
 May / Might / Must
Might - less possibility
He might have gone there.
They might fight with each other.
You might find that question wrong.

Must - greater possibility (shows present and future tense)/

In past tense ‘had to’ will be used in place of must
They live in a three story building. They must be rich.
She stood first in the class. She must be hardworking and intelligent.
The girl said that she had to go there yesterday.

Must is also used to show compulsion.

Candidates must remove their shoes before coming into the room.
Students must wear woolen socks with the school uniform.
 May / Might / Must
We cannot use ‘likely / possibly’ with ‘may’
As may itself shows possibility of event so using likely / possibly with ‘may’ will make the sentence
superfluous.

It may likely rain. (wrong)

It may possibly rain. (wrong)
It may rain. (correct)
 Will / Shall
Shall is used with 1st persons (I,We)
‘Will’ is used with all other persons (2nd and 3rd).
But in modern english we can use ‘will’ with 1st person but in interrogative form always ‘shall’ is
used.
I will/ shall go tomorrow.
We will/shall win tomorrow.
She will go to market.
They will play the piano.

Shall we dance ?
Shall I go ?
Will you come with us ?
Will he need you ?
 Will / Shall
Find errors if any:
1. She shall be rewarded for this.

2. I will always be there for you.

3. Trespassers shall be prosecuted.

4. I will kill you.

5. You shall be on time tomorrow.

6. I will do it right now.

7. You shall leave the class.

 Will / Shall
In order to denote advice, threat, determination, compulsion, command and promise -

Use ‘shall’ with 2nd and 3rd person

Use ‘will’ with 1st person

She shall be rewarded for this. (promise)

I will always be there for you. (promise)

Trespassers shall be prosecuted. (threat)

I will kill you. (threat)

You shall be on time tomorrow. (compulsion)

I will do it right now. (compulsion)

You shall leave the class. (command)

 Would / Should
Should and would are past tense of shall and will respectively. 1st form of verb will be used with
both of these.

In order to express past habits in the sentences we use ‘would’.

When we were in hostel, we would practice dance for hours.

Would / used to / simple past tense - all these are used to express past habits.

We used to dance for hours.

We danced for hours when we were in hostel.

Would is also used for making polite requests.

Would you help me out with this issue ?

Would you wait for a second ?

 Would / Should
In order to express suggestion / advice in a sentence ‘should’ will be used.

You should work hard to crack the exam.

You should write carefully.

Lest + Should

She danced beautifully, lest she should lose the competition.

They don’t meet him, lest they should fight for money.
2. Primary Auxiliary verbs (be, do, have)
These are the verbs that act as helping verb as well as main verb.

Be (is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being)

He is good. (main verb)

He is working in an MNC. (helping verb)
I am a doctor. (main verb)
I am going home. (helping verb)
He has been to australia for few days. (has- helping verb, been-verb)

Do (do, does, did, done)

I do my work daily. ( main verb )

I did not know him. (helping verb)

Have (has, have, had)

I have a car. (main verb)

I have not seen him. (helping verb)
3. Marginal Auxiliary Verbs (Dare, need and Used to)

Dare and need are the verbs that work as helping verb as well as main verb.

Also used to works as helping verb as well as an adjective.

3. Marginal Auxiliary Verbs (Dare, need and Used to)
Used to
Be + used to + gerund - adjective
If any form of be(is, am, are, was, were, has, have, been, being) is followed by ‘used to’ then gerund
should be used in the sentence.
In such sentences ‘used to’ works as an adjective.

When used to is followed by 1st form of verb then it works as a modal.

Used to + 1st form of verb- modal

Used to + 1st form of verb + -ing - habit

Used to + 1st form of verb - Routine action of past

I used to dance in India. (modal)

I have got used to dancing in America. (adjective)
Mom is used to making cupcakes so they always come delicious. (modal)
Mom used to make cupcakes for me when i was in India. (adjective)
They used to go for a walk every evening. (modal)
They have got used to of walking during free time. (adjective)
3. Marginal Auxiliary Verbs (Dare, need and Used to)
Dare and need
Dare - challenge / courage
Need - requirement
These are the verbs that act as helping verb(modals) as well as main verbs.

Helping verbs are used in contracted form when ‘not’ is used with them (don't, doesn’t, haven’t,
hasn't, isn't, aren't etc.)
Modals are always followed by 1st form of verb.
When modals are used as main verb and they are followed by some other verb then the other verb
should come in ‘to + 1st form of verb’(infinitive).
1. He daren’t cross the road. (modal)

2. He dare not cross the road. (modal)

3. He dared to cross the road. (main verb)

4. I dared to kill the cockroach. (main verb)

5. They don’t dare to go for movie. (main verb)

6. Nobody dares to call him by his nickname. (main verb)

3. Marginal Auxiliary Verbs (Dare, need and Used to)
1. How dare you touch my purse ? (modal ) (as helping verbs in interrogative form are always used
before the subject )

2. How dare she criticize me about my dress ? (modal)

3. Rohan doesn’t dare to walk alone on the road. (main verb)

4. You don’t need to specify it anymore. (main verb)

5. You need not specify it anymore. (modal)

6. We don’t need any answers from you. (main verb)

7. Why need i go there ? (modal)

8. You needn’t read the whole paragraph , just go through the summary. (modal)
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Arise arose arisen arising
Awake awoke awoken awaking
Be was,were been being
Bear bore born bearing
Bear bore borne bearing
Become became become becoming
Begin began begun beginning
Bite bit bitten biting
Blow blew blown blowing
Bind bound bound binding
Bid bade bidden bidding
Break broke broken breaking
Choose chose chosen choosing
Cling clung clung clinging
Come came come coming
Dig dug dug digging
Do did done doing
Draw drew drawn drawing
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Drink drank drunk drinking
Drive drove driven driving
Eat ate eaten eating
Fall fell fallen falling
Find found found finding
Fly flew flown flying
Forbid forbade forbidden forbidding
Forget forgot forgotten forgetting
Freeze froze frozen freezing
Get got got getting
Give gave given giving
Grind ground ground grinding
Grow grew grown growing
Hang hung hung hanging
Hide hid hidden hiding
Hold held held holding
Know knew known knowing
Lie lay lain lying
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Ride rode ridden riding
Ring rang rung ringing
Rise rose risen rising
See saw seen seeing
Shake shook shaken shaking
Shine shone shone shining
Shoot shot shot shooting
Shrink shrank shrunk shrinking
Sing sang sung singing
Sink sank sunk sinking
Sit sat sat sitting
Slay slew slain slaying
Speak spoke spoken speaking
Spit spat spat spitting
Stand stood stood standing
Steal stole stolen stealing
Stick stuck stuck sticking
Strike struck struck striking
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Swear swore sworn swearing
Swim swam swum swimming
Swing swung swung swinging
Take took taken taking
Tear tore torn tearing
Wear wore worn wearing
Weave wove woven weaving
Win won won winning
Wind wound wound winding
Write wrote written writing
Wring wrung wrung wringing
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Abuse abused abused abusing
Act acted acted acting
Add added added adding
Admire admired admired admiring
Advise advised advised advising
Allow allowed allowed allowing
Answer answered answered answering
Appoint appointed appointed appointing
Appear appeared appeared appearing
Arrive arrived arrived arriving
Arrest arrested arrested arresting
Ask asked asked asking
Attack attacked attacked attacking
Bark barked barked barking
Bathe bathed bathed bathing
Beg begged begged begging
Believe believe believed believing
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Behave behaved behaved behaving
Bleed bled bled bleeding
Bless blessed blessed blessing
Break broke broken breaking
Bring brought brought bringing
Boil boiled boiled boiling
Boast boasted boasted boasting
Borrow borrowed borrowed borrowing
Build built built building
Burn burnt burnt burning
Buy bought bought buying
Call called called calling
Carry carried carried carrying
Catch caught caught catching
Clean cleaned cleaned cleaning
Close closed closed closing
Change changed changed changing
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Check checked checked checking
Climb climbed climbed climbing
Clap clapped clapped clapping
Copy copied copied copying
Collect collected collected collecting
Complain complained complained complaining
Cook cooked cooked cooking
Count counted counted counting
Confuse confused confused confusing
Consult consulted consulted consulting
Cover covered covered covering
Crow crowed crowed crowing
Cross crossed crossed crossing
Creep crept crept creeping
Cry cried cried crying
Decorate decorated decorated decorating
Dance danced danced dancing
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Deceive deceived deceived deceiving
Defeat defeated defeated defeating
Decide decided decided deciding
Desire desired desired desiring
Discover discovered discovered discovering
Dip dipped dipped dipping
Die died died dying
Divide divided divided dividing
Dream dreamed dreamed dreaming
Dry dried dried drying
Drown drowned drowned drowning
Dye dyed dyed dying
Earn earned earned earning
Enter entered entered entering
Employ employed employed employing
Explain explained explained explaining
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Face faced faced facing
Fail failed failed failing
Fear feared feared fearing
Feed fed fed feeding
Feel felt felt feeling
Fell felled felled felling
Flee fled fled fleeing
Fight fought fought fighting
Finish finished finished finishing
Fine fined fined fining
Float floated floated floating
Graze grazed grazed grazing
Gather gathered gathered gathering
Have had had having
Hate hated hated hating
Hang hanged hanged hanging
Hear heard heard hearing
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Help helped helped helping
Improve improved improved improving
Invite invited invited inviting
Join joined joined joining
Jump jumped jumped jumping
Keep kept kept keeping
Kill killed killed killing
Knit knitted knitted knitting
Kneel knelt knelt kneeling
Lay laid laid laying
Lie lied lied lying
Laugh laughed laughed laughing
Learn learned learned learning
Leave left left leaving
Lend lent lent lending
Lose lost lost losing
Like liked liked liking
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Listen listened listened listening
Look looked looked looking
Live lived lived living
Love loved loved loving
Lead led led leading
Marry married married marrying
Make made made making
Mean meant meant meaning
Meet met met meeting
Move moved moved moving
Melt melted melted melting
Mend mended mended mending
Mix mixed mixed mixing
Name named named naming
Need needed needed needing
Nip nipped nipped nipping
Obey obeyed obeyed obeying
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Open opened opened opening
Order ordered ordered ordering
Oppose opposed opposed opposing
Pay paid paid paying
Play played played playing
Pray prayed prayed praying
Praise praised praised praised
Preach preached preached preaching
Peep peeped peeped peeping
Plant planted planted planting
Pluck plucked plucked plucking
Prepare prepared prepared preparing
Pull pulled pulled pulling
Prevent prevented prevented preventing
Punish punished punished punishing
Prove proved proved proving
Promise promised promised promising
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Push pushed pushed pushing
Plough ploughed ploughed ploughing
Quarrel quarrelled quarreled quarreling
Rain rained rained raining
Reply replied replied replying
Reach reached reached reaching
Receive received received receiving
Refuse refused refused refusing
Rest rested rested resting
Resign resigned resigned resigning
Repair repaired repaired repairing
Remember remembered remembered remembering
Return returned returned returning
Roar roared roared roaring
Say said said saying
Seek sought sought seeking
Sell sold sold selling
Some of the forms of verb are given below-
There are certain verbs that are same in 2nd and 3rd form.
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Save saved saved saving
Saw sawed sawed sawing
Send sent sent sending
Select selected selected selecting
Sleep slept slept sleeping
Stand stood stood standing
Stay stayed stayed staying
Spend spent spent spending
Stop stopped stopped stopping
Sweep swept swept sweeping
Study studied studied studying
Slip slipped slipped slipping
Talk talked talked talking
Tell told told telling
Teach taught taught teaching
Think thought thought thinking
Tie tied tied tying
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Touch touched touched touching
Try tried tried trying
Trust trusted trusted trusting
Use used used using
Understand understood understood understanding
Walk walked walked walking
Wash washed washed washing
Wait waited waited waiting
Weep wept wept weeping
Work worked worked working
Watch watched watched watching
Wish wished wished wishing
Wander wandered wandered wandering
Waste wasted wasted wasting
Wed wedded wedded wedding
Wound wounded wounded wounding
Worship worshipped worshipped worshipping
Wonder wondered wondered wondering
Wrap wrapped wrapped wrapping
Yield yielded yielded yielding
There are some verbs that are same in all forms. Such verbs are-
1st form 2nd form 3rd form -ing form
Bid bid bid bidding
Bet bet bet betting
Burst burst burst bursting
Cast cast cast casting
Cost cost cost costing
Cut cut cut cutting
Hurt hurt hurt hurting
Let let let letting
Put put put putting
Read read read reading
Set set set setting
Shed shed shed shedding
Shut shut shut shutting
Spread spread spread spreading
Thrust thrust thrust thrusting
Quit quit quit quitting